Cette recherche en ergonomie porte sur le travail d’articulation des dimensions sociales et économiques des entreprises sous-tendant la conception d’ordonnancements du personnel robustes dans un contexte social sensible.Le plus souvent considérée comme un levier de flexibilité par les entreprises, les apports croisés de la littérature en GRH et en ergonomie a permis de considérer l’ordonnancement comme une activité de management de ressources « distribué », soulevant ainsi des enjeux liés à la fois aux dimensions économiques et sociales des entreprises (santé, compétences, formation, satisfaction des agents). L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’apporter des éléments de compréhension sur ce travail multifacette d’articulation et sur son évaluation, et ce faisant de définir la robustesse des ordonnancements.Pour appréhender cette activité, répartie entre trois niveaux différents (stratégique, tactique, opérationnel), six types de recueils de données ont été réalisés : des entretiens semi-directifs, des observations de l’activité des ordonnanceurs du niveau tactique, des groupes de travail métiers et inter-métiers, ainsi que des entretiens d’auto-confrontation outillés par des plannings réalisés.Les résultats mettent en évidence une construction dynamique de la robustesse, comme étant le résultat des stratégies mises en œuvre par les ordonnanceurs des différents niveaux. A partir de la gestion de contraintes de nature humaine et opérationnelle, les stratégies de construction de la robustesse reposent sur les connaissances qu’ont les ordonnanceurs de la réglementation, du processus, des autres ordonnanceurs et des agents commerciaux. Les ordonnancements robustes prennent différentes formes (stable ou flexible, immédiate ou différée) et doivent permettre de résister aux aléas mais aussi de construire de marges de manœuvre pour le futur.Les retombées de notre recherche portent sur la définition de la robustesse dans le champ de l’ordonnancement du personnel, sur l’activité de conception distribuée inter-métiers et à l’identification des conditions favorables à la conception de tels ordonnancements. / This research in ergonomics focuses on the design of robust personnel schedules in a sensitive social context, based on the articulation work between the social and economic dimensions of companies .it is often seen as a lever for flexibility by companies. Research in ergonomics and human resources management shows that it possible to consider scheduling as a "distributed" resource management activity, which raises issues related to both the economic and social dimensions of companies (health, skills, training, agent satisfaction). Our objectives are to understand how schedulers articulate theses dimensions, evaluate this work, and to define the robustness on scheduling.To understand this activity, divided between three different levels (strategic, tactical, operational), six types of data collection were carried out: semi-directive interviews, observations of the activity of planners at the tactical level, business and inter-business working groups, as well as self-confrontation interviews based on achieved schedules.The robustness is dynamically built from the constraint management strategies of schedulers. These are based on the schedulers’ knowledge : of regulations, of process, of other schedulers and commercial agents. Robustness takes different forms (stable or flexible, immediate or delayed) and must make it possible to resist disruptions but also to build room for manœuvre for the future.The impact of our research is related to the definition of robustness on personnel scheduling, to the joint collective activity and to the identification of the conditions in favour of robustness’ construction.

Orientador: Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T11:43:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Senna_CarlosRoberto_M.pdf: 1604896 bytes, checksum: 4d91ce46c46772043ce75490d16c3b98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: No ambiente colaborativo das grades computacionais são poucas as ferramentas para gerência de processos e serviços orientadas ao usuário. Esta dissertação apresenta o Grid Process Orchestration (GPO), uma infraestrutura que faz orquestração de serviços e processos em grades computacionais, permitindo ao usuário criar e gerenciar ?uxos complexos, com tarefas fortemente acopladas, sem suporte adicional. O GPO é baseado na OGSA (Open Grid Services Architecture) e descreve os ?uxos usando o conceito de orquestra¸ao de serviços Web aplicados aos serviços das Grades Computacionais. A dissertação descreve a arquitetura da infraestrutura proposta, detalha seus principais componentes, suas funcionalidades para gerência de ?uxos e alguns aspectos do protótipo implementado. Além disso, propõe uma linguagem compacta para descrever os work?ows. Uma aplicação exemplo é apresentada ilustrando as facilidades da infraestrutura proposta / Abstract: In the collaborative environment of the Computational Grids, there are few tools used for process management and user guide services. This work presents the Grid Process Orchestration (GPO), an infrastructure for service and process orchestration in computational grids, which allows to create and manage complex work?ows composed of strongcoupled jobs with no additional support. The GPO is based on the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) and describes work?ows using Web Services orchestration concepts applied to computational grid services. This work describes the architecture of the proposed infrastructure, detailing its main components, functionalities for ?ow management, and shows an implemented prototype. In addition to the architecture, it proposes a compact language for describing work?ows. An application example is presented to illustrate the facilities of the proposed infrastructure / Mestrado / Redes de Computadores / Mestre em Ciência da Computação