Nowadays islanding has become a big issue with the increasing use of distributed generators in power system. In order to effectively detect islanding after DG disconnects from main source, author first studied two passive islanding methods in this thesis: THD&VU method and wavelet-transform method. Compared with other passive methods, each of them has small non-detection zone, but both of them are based on the threshold limit, which is very hard to set. What’s more, when these two methods were applied to practical signals distorted with noise, they performed worse than anticipated. Thus, a new composite intelligent based method is presented in this thesis to solve the drawbacks above. The proposed method first uses wavelet-transform to detect the occurrence of events (including islanding and non-islanding) due to its sensitivity of sudden change. Then this approach utilizes artificial neural network (ANN) to classify islanding and non-islanding events. In this process, three features based on THD&VU are extracted as the input of ANN classifier. The performance of proposed method was tested on two typical distribution networks. The obtained results of two cases indicated the developed method can effectively detect islanding with low misclassification.

Kiribati, a small and low lying island country located on the equator, is vulnerable to impact of Global Warming. In response, Kiribati¡¦s Government continues and remains firm to fight the increase of pollution gases. Rather than just fighting using words, Kiribati seriously takes into consideration issues which promote the use of clean energy in all aspects. .This thesis emphasizes the use of large scale photovoltaic (PV) installation as a clean energy source that may help contribute in the total energy demand for this island. Here, a large photovoltaic generation system as a Distribution Generation (DG) to feed main utility network (i.e. PUB) on the island, assumed to be constructed in the National Main Stadium (NMS) at Betio Town as the DG Interconnection site, is analyzed. This PVGS has been investigated from two different perspectives: 1) Independent Power Producer (IPP) point of view, which is the design of the selling price of PV power generation and 2) Utility point of view, which is the design of saving costs incurred from PVGS contribution. PV power generation is simulated according to the hourly solar irradiation and temperature provided by the Weather Office in Kiribati. The cash flow of annual power generation, the operation and maintenance costs and the capital investment cost of the PVGS are then used to derive the payback time (PBT) and the internal rate of return (IRR) for the PVGS under different selling price of PV power generation. The voltage variation and the system losses of the distribution feeder, which serves the National Stadium, are also evaluated by executing the load flow analysis for the impact analysis of the PVGS. Results indicate that the reduction of voltage variation and system¡¦s losses can be obtained with the PVGS installed to provide the dispersed generation for the local loads. However, the PVGS penetration is limited due to the violation of voltage variation introduced by the large intermittent PV power generation. The selling price of PV generation has to be designed according to the conditions of solar irradiation and temperature so that sufficient incentives can be provided.

Submitted by WALDEMAR PEREIRA MATHIAS NETO null (waldemarmathias@gmail.com) on 2016-10-04T02:26:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MATHIAS-NETO-TESE-2016.pdf: 2428868 bytes, checksum: 0bbed2a47b06389d32f691db8e5364cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-07T13:22:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mathiasneto_wp_dr_ilha.pdf: 2428868 bytes, checksum: 0bbed2a47b06389d32f691db8e5364cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-07T13:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mathiasneto_wp_dr_ilha.pdf: 2428868 bytes, checksum: 0bbed2a47b06389d32f691db8e5364cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / Fundação de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão de Ilha Solteira (FEPISA) / Os modernos sistemas aéreos de distribuição de energia elétrica são projetados para operar com altos índices de confiabilidade. Todavia, interrupções de fornecimento podem ocorrer a qualquer momento e causadas pelos mais diversos fatores, tais como, vendavais, árvores, ou ainda, colisão de veículos com a rede. Portanto, para garantir o mínimo impacto destas interrupções nos índices de confiabilidade da rede, áreas sem fornecimento devem ser reenergizadas tão rá- pido quanto possível. Este processo de reenergização do sistema é comumente denominado restauração. O principal objetivo do processo de restauração é restabelecer o maior número de cargas, no menor intervalo de tempo possível, por meio de uma sequência de aberturas e fechamentos de chaves de manobras. A existência de um conjunto de chaves seccionadoras estrategicamente posicionadas na rede permite que a estrutura malhada dos sistemas de distribuição opere com topologias radiais. Portanto, a execução de uma sequência de manobras é capaz de alterar a topologia radial da rede e restabelecer as cargas previamente sem fornecimento de energia. Este trabalho propõe uma nova metodologia para solução do problema de restauração de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica baseado no uso conjunto da meta-heurística de busca tabu, a representação nó-profundidade (RNP) e seus operadores PAO e CAO. Os operadores da RNP são empregados para originar a vizinhança da meta-heurística de busca tabu. Um novo operador foi introduzido e alterações nos demais operadores foram realizadas para possibilitar soluções factíveis em sistemas com alto carregamento. O problema é formulado através de um modelo não linear inteiro misto e considera a minimização dos custo da interrupção não programada como objetivo do problema. Os limites operacionais da rede são avaliados durante o intervalo previsto para a rede permanecer no estado restaurativo. Estes limites caracterizam as restrições do problema. Ao modelo matemático foi incluído a geração distribuída e cargas remotamente controladas como ferramentas de apoio à restauração. Os geradores distribuídos são modelados através de curvas horárias de geração, em função de sua tecnologia, e as cargas são modeladas através de curvas que consideram o perfil de consumo. Adicionalmente, cargas controladas termostaticamente também foram incluídas ao modelo. Por fim, a técnica de solução proposta é avaliada através de um sistema teste baseado no sistema de distribuição IEEE de 37 barras em oito diferentes cenários. Os resultados obtidos indicam a viabilidade da metodologia para a solução do problema de restauração de sistemas de distribui- ção. / The modern overhead power distribution systems are designed to operate with high reliability indices. However, power outages may occur at any time and caused by several factors, such aswindstorms, trees or vehicle collision with the network. Therefore, to ensure minimal impact of these interruptions in network reliability indices, out-of-service areas, which are not affected by the permanent fault, should be re-energized as fast as possible. The process of system reenergizing is called restoration. The main purpose of restoration process is to restore the largest amount of load, as fast as possible, through a sequence of switching actions. The existence of several switchgears, strategically allocated in the network, allows the meshed distribution systems work with radial topologies. Therefore, performing a sequence of maneuvers, automatically or manually, may change the radial grid topology and restore the loads previously without a power supply. This work proposes a new methodology to solve the distribution system restoration problem based on the joint use of tabu search meta-heuristic, the node-depth encoding (NDE) and its operators (PAO and CAO). The NDE operators are used to buid the neighborhood of tabu search meta-heuristic. A new operator was introduced and changes in other operators were carried out to allow feasible solutions in systems with heavy loading. The proposed mathematical model minimize the cost of unscheduled outage aim of the problem. The problem of restrictions are characterized by the operating limits of the network and evaluated periodically while the network remains in the restorative state. Additionally, the use of distributed generation and controlled remotely loads are considered to support the restoration tools. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear mixed-integer model. The main goal is minimize the cost of unscheduled interruption. The operating limits of the network are evaluated while it remains in the restorative state.. These limits characterize the constraints of the problem. At the mathematical model was included distributed generation and loads remotely controlled as support tools. The distributed generators are modeled by its hourly curves and the loads are modeled through curves with their consumption profile. Additionally, controlled thermostatically loads were also included into the mathematical model. Finally, the proposed solution is evaluated through a modified test system based on the IEEE 37-bus feeder test system. Eight different scenarios was evaluated. The results indicate the feasibility of the methodology to solve the distribution systems restoration problem. / FEPISA: 011/2011

Orientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Resumo: Os modernos sistemas aéreos de distribuição de energia elétrica são projetados para operar com altos índices de confiabilidade. Todavia, interrupções de fornecimento podem ocorrer a qualquer momento e causadas pelos mais diversos fatores, tais como, vendavais, árvores, ou ainda, colisão de veículos com a rede. Portanto, para garantir o mínimo impacto destas interrupções nos índices de confiabilidade da rede, áreas sem fornecimento devem ser reenergizadas tão rá- pido quanto possível. Este processo de reenergização do sistema é comumente denominado restauração. O principal objetivo do processo de restauração é restabelecer o maior número de cargas, no menor intervalo de tempo possível, por meio de uma sequência de aberturas e fechamentos de chaves de manobras. A existência de um conjunto de chaves seccionadoras estrategicamente posicionadas na rede permite que a estrutura malhada dos sistemas de distribuição opere com topologias radiais. Portanto, a execução de uma sequência de manobras é capaz de alterar a topologia radial da rede e restabelecer as cargas previamente sem fornecimento de energia. Este trabalho propõe uma nova metodologia para solução do problema de restauração de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica baseado no uso conjunto da meta-heurística de busca tabu, a representação nó-profundidade (RNP) e seus operadores PAO e CAO. Os operadores da RNP são empregados para originar a vizinhança da meta-heurística de busca tabu. Um novo operador foi introduzido e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor