Orientador: Nilton Nobuhiro Imai / Abstract: The acquisition of data using Remote Sensing and in-situ sampling allows several data sources to be integrated for the analysis and observations of environmental characteristics and may require computational methods to support the data processing, exploration and analysis. The need to integrate data from different sources is highlighted in studies of dynamic and complex environments that frequently change, such as hydroelectric reservoirs. Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems, which influence directly the regional characteristics, mainly because of their multipurpose use. The interactions of the electromagnetic energy with the optically active components occur along the entire water column, so that the behavior of the light field reflects the changes applied along the entire euphotic zone. However, the values taken from images are used accordingly to a plane and associated with the respective point or area of surface. The calibration of bio-optical models considering only the surface sampling data can not deliver fully effective results because the electromagnetic radiation interacts with the components located along the water column and the response captured by the sensors does not only represent the value associated with the surface. Considering this scenario, this work proposes an investigation on the influence of the vertical distribution of the optical properties along the water column, in order to contemplate records about the interaction in different levels of depth, b... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumo: A aquisição de dados por meio da combinação de Sensoriamento Remoto e amostragens in-situ permite que várias fontes de dados sejam integradas para a análise e observação de características do alvo de interesse e pode exigir métodos computacionais para apoiar o processamento, exploração e análise de dados. A necessidade de integrar dados de diferentes fontes é destacada em estudos de ambientes dinâmicos e complexos que se alteram frequentemente, como os reservatórios hidrelétricos. Os reservatórios são ecossistemas artificiais, que influenciam diretamente nas características regionais, principalmente devido ao seu uso múltiplo uso. As interações da energia eletromagnética com os componentes opticamente ativos ocorrem ao longo de toda a coluna d’água, de modo que o comportamento do campo de luz reflete as mudanças aplicadas ao longo da zona eufótica. No entanto, as grandezas registradas nas imagens são usados de acordo com o plano e limitadas ao respectivo ponto ou área da superfície. A calibração de modelos bio-ópticos, considerando apenas os dados de amostragem da superfície, pode não fornecer resultados totalmente eficazes, porque a radiação eletromagnética interage com os componentes localizados ao longo da coluna de água e, consequentemente, a resposta capturada pelos sensores não representa apenas o valor associado à superfície. Este trabalho propõe uma investigação sobre a influência da distribuição vertical das propriedades ópticas ao longo da coluna d’água, a fim de co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

In this thesis I have analyzed how the phenomenon level of contrast, a consequence of the relation between level of light and distribution of light, works within urban green areas. For this particular site, the too high level of contrast is a result of the high level of light distributed 1) in the direction of oncoming pedestrians and 2) in a single zone of light and 3) on a too condensed surface area and 4) in a space with multiple vertical elements (in a dark space with low reflectance values). Being in the only lighted area surrounded by trees (vertical elements absorbing or reflecting light), with eyes adapted to its level of light, consequently, makes it impossible to see beyond the path. This since our eyes always adapt to the brightest spot in our field of view, which in all directions is a spot very close to the user. And since adapting to the emitted and reflected light our eyes cannot also adapt to the darkness beyond this enclosed space. Another perspective on this, also related to the very basics of our vision has to do with the task oriented lighting solutions. We humans have two different types of vision - central and peripheral. The central vision is approximately 2% of our field of view, it is the small spot where our gaze focus, the rest is peripheral vision. The strange thing is that modern urban lighting design have focused almost solely on task lighting and the central vision, and left the peripheral vision literally disorientated. Because, in order for the peripheral vision to help us navigate and collect spatial information, it needs variable lightning with multiple zones of light, creating differences in shade, revealing form and depth. The main contribution of this thesis, beyond defining knowledge regarding how light acts in these specific situations, is the development of a lighting design method specifically for urban green areas from a practice based design perspective (see figure 16). And that I have started the work of creating practical knowledge and answers to the question: How can the method be used in practice?