Electrical energy has become a very important and integrated part of the current era. Electricity cost saving interventions, such as load shifting, form part of demand side management (DSM) interventions. DSM interventions have been successfully implemented in the past to ensure reliable supply of electricity during the Eskom peak periods. It has been established that there is a need to implement an electricity cost saving intervention on a large water distribution utility. This dissertation focuses on the integration of electricity cost saving interventions on a water distribution utility. An investigation methodology, as well as an integration strategy for implementing an electricity cost saving intervention were developed. This study expands on the importance of an integrated approach. It further discusses the shortcomings of the current control philosophies of a large water distribution utility in South Africa. A load shifting project was implemented as an electricity cost saving intervention on a large water distribution utility in South Africa. The proposed integrated strategy was simulated and an optimised approach developed. It was found that the implementation of the strategy was limited due to process constraints and increasing water demand. Utilising the large combined installed capacity of the pumps in the water distribution utility and the storage capacity, the strategy was implemented and cost savings obtained. It was concluded that load shifting was possible on individual pumping stations in the water distribution utility subsystems, and could, therefore, be quantified to an integrated approach. / MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Electrical energy has become a very important and integrated part of the current era. Electricity cost saving interventions, such as load shifting, form part of demand side management (DSM) interventions. DSM interventions have been successfully implemented in the past to ensure reliable supply of electricity during the Eskom peak periods. It has been established that there is a need to implement an electricity cost saving intervention on a large water distribution utility. This dissertation focuses on the integration of electricity cost saving interventions on a water distribution utility. An investigation methodology, as well as an integration strategy for implementing an electricity cost saving intervention were developed. This study expands on the importance of an integrated approach. It further discusses the shortcomings of the current control philosophies of a large water distribution utility in South Africa. A load shifting project was implemented as an electricity cost saving intervention on a large water distribution utility in South Africa. The proposed integrated strategy was simulated and an optimised approach developed. It was found that the implementation of the strategy was limited due to process constraints and increasing water demand. Utilising the large combined installed capacity of the pumps in the water distribution utility and the storage capacity, the strategy was implemented and cost savings obtained. It was concluded that load shifting was possible on individual pumping stations in the water distribution utility subsystems, and could, therefore, be quantified to an integrated approach. / MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Neste trabalho buscou-se apresentar e analisar os resultados da utilização da Geração Distribuída (GD) Fotovoltaica pelo consumidor residencial (microgerador) e seus efeitos nas relações com a Distribuidora de energia elétrica nos âmbitos técnico, comercial e regulatório, baseados nas Resoluções Normativas 482 e 687 da ANEEL. As conclusões demonstraram haver um desequilíbrio nesta relação. Isto é, nem sempre o retorno financeiro se mostrou viável ao microgerador, tampouco interessante para a Distribuidora. Isto posto, o trabalho expõe uma modelagem tal para que a distribuidora passe a atuar de forma ativa na disseminação da GD. Por fim, modela-se um sistema que pretende aliar o potencial energético solar por parte do consumidor de baixa renda, em troca de fornecimento de energia elétrica limpa e renovável. / This work intended to present and assess the results of the application of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation (DG) by the residential consumer (microgenerator) and the effects on the relations with the distribution utility within the technical, commercial and regulatory, based on the Normative Resolutions 482 and 687 from ANEEL. The conclusions show an unbalance in this relation. Thus, the feasibility for the microgenerator is not assured nor it could interest the utility. That being said, the work presents a model so that the utility starts actively acting to disseminate the DG. Finally, a system is modeled intending to ally the solar power potential from the low-income consumer in exchange of clean and renewable power.

Neste trabalho buscou-se apresentar e analisar os resultados da utilização da Geração Distribuída (GD) Fotovoltaica pelo consumidor residencial (microgerador) e seus efeitos nas relações com a Distribuidora de energia elétrica nos âmbitos técnico, comercial e regulatório, baseados nas Resoluções Normativas 482 e 687 da ANEEL. As conclusões demonstraram haver um desequilíbrio nesta relação. Isto é, nem sempre o retorno financeiro se mostrou viável ao microgerador, tampouco interessante para a Distribuidora. Isto posto, o trabalho expõe uma modelagem tal para que a distribuidora passe a atuar de forma ativa na disseminação da GD. Por fim, modela-se um sistema que pretende aliar o potencial energético solar por parte do consumidor de baixa renda, em troca de fornecimento de energia elétrica limpa e renovável. / This work intended to present and assess the results of the application of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation (DG) by the residential consumer (microgenerator) and the effects on the relations with the distribution utility within the technical, commercial and regulatory, based on the Normative Resolutions 482 and 687 from ANEEL. The conclusions show an unbalance in this relation. Thus, the feasibility for the microgenerator is not assured nor it could interest the utility. That being said, the work presents a model so that the utility starts actively acting to disseminate the DG. Finally, a system is modeled intending to ally the solar power potential from the low-income consumer in exchange of clean and renewable power.