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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comissionamento dos parâmetros físicos dosimétricos em aceleradores lineares clínicos usando o dosímetro FXG / Physical Dosimetric Parameters Commissioning in Clinical Linear Accelerators using FXG dosimeter

Petchevist, Paulo Cesar Dias 22 May 2015 (has links)
A International Comission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recomenda que a incerteza total de um tratamento radioterápico não deva ultrapassar de 5%, ou seja, cada etapa do processo de entrega da dose absorvida ao volume alvo do paciente tenha incerteza menor que esse valor (ICRU 50, 1993; ICRU 62, 1999). O cuidado com essas incertezas inicia-se na instalação da máquina (neste caso, de um Acelerador Linear Clínico), passando pela sua aceitação, pelo comissionamento, perdurando nos controles de qualidade posteriores e até em novos comissionamentos, se necessários. Os parâmetros físicos dosimétricos mínimos necessários a serem comissionados para feixes de fótons e elétrons são: Porcentagem de Dose em Profundidade (PDD), Perfis de Campos abertos e filtrados, Fatores de Espalhamento Total (Scp), Cone (Fcone) e de Transmissão (de Filtros em cunha FF, Bandeja FB, e de Transmissão intra FMLC,intra e de fuga inter lâminas FMLC,inter), além da Determinação da Posição Virtual da Fonte de Elétrons através da SSD efetiva (SSDeff). Para tal, a American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), através do seu protocolo mais recente, apresenta objetos simuladores, tipos e tamanhos de detectores, arranjos e procedimentos experimentais específicos, através dos quais é possível inferir os parâmetros dosimétricos de feixes de fótons e elétrons, usando varredura destes com câmara de ionização (CI), considerando o erro total das medidas menor do que 1% (AAPM TG 106, 2008). Entretanto este mesmo protocolo cita de maneira sucinta ou pouco detalhada, a possibilidade da utilização de dosímetros tipo gel para o citado comissionamento, já que possuem diversas vantagens a serem consideradas na Radioterapia, como equivalência ao tecido mole (Z e ), independência energética num amplo intervalo de energia de fótons e elétrons, além da alta resolução espacial. Desta forma, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é apresentar de forma inédita, o comissionamento dos parâmetros físicos dosimétricos de aceleradores lineares clínicos (PFDALC), especificamente através do dosímetro Fricke Xilenol Gel (FXG), como método alternativo e/ou complementar aos internacionais vigentes. Para tal, neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos dispositivos e procedimentos que proporcionassem aos usuários uma forma prática, eficiente e de baixo custo para obtenção dos parâmetros citados através do FXG, em relação aqueles obtidos com a CI (método padrão). Todos os resultados dos parâmetros físicos dosimétricos obtidos com o dosímetro citado foram validados com a CI, considerando a incerteza preconizada para a mesma. Esses resultados sugerem que o FXG efetivamente poderá ser utilizado para o comissionamento de aceleradores lineares clínicos e que um protocolo específico para este dosímetro poderá ser gerado. / The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recommends that the total radiotherapy treatment uncertainty should not exceeds 5%, in other words, considering that each step involved in the absorbed dose delivery process should not surpass the cited value (ICRU 50, 1993; ICRU 62, 1999). The uncertainties considered are those involved with, the machine installation (in this work, a Clinical Linear Accelerator), its acceptance, commissioning, followed by those related to subsequent quality controls and even new commissioning, if necessary. The minimum required physical dosimetric parameters to be commissioned for electron or photon beams are: the Percentage Depth Dose (PDD), the filtered and open Field Profiles, Total Scatter Factors (Scp), Cone Factor (Fcone), Transmission Factors: Wedge Filter (FF), Tray (FB), intra Leaf (FMLC,intra) and inter Leaf Leakage (FMLC,inter), besides the Virtual Source Position Determination (SSDeff). For this purpose, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), through its last protocol, provides guidelines on phantom and detector selections, setting up of phantom for data acquisition (for scanning and no-scanning data), procedures for acquiring the cited beam parameters with ionizing chambers (CI) and methods to reduce the total measurement error lower than 1% (AAPM TG 106, 2008). However, this protocol does not present any information or details about the physical dosimetric parameters for clinical linear accelerators (PFDALC), through gel dosimeters once they present several useful advantages for Radiotherapy, such as: soft tissue equivalence (Z and ), wide energy independence range for photons or electrons beams and high spatial resolution. The scope of this work is to present an innovative way for physical dosimetric parameters commissioning, specifically using the Fricke Xylenol Gel (FXG) dosimeter, like an alternative and/or complementary method to that employed internationally. Devices and procedures have been developed for this work in order to infer the cited parameters, in a practical, efficient and low cost way, compared to that used with CI (standard method). All the FXG results obtained were validated with the CI, considering the uncertainty recommended for the last one. The results suggest that the FXG effectively can be used for physical dosimetric parameters commissioning for clinical linear accelerators and a new specific protocol can be generated.
2

Comissionamento dos parâmetros físicos dosimétricos em aceleradores lineares clínicos usando o dosímetro FXG / Physical Dosimetric Parameters Commissioning in Clinical Linear Accelerators using FXG dosimeter

Paulo Cesar Dias Petchevist 22 May 2015 (has links)
A International Comission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recomenda que a incerteza total de um tratamento radioterápico não deva ultrapassar de 5%, ou seja, cada etapa do processo de entrega da dose absorvida ao volume alvo do paciente tenha incerteza menor que esse valor (ICRU 50, 1993; ICRU 62, 1999). O cuidado com essas incertezas inicia-se na instalação da máquina (neste caso, de um Acelerador Linear Clínico), passando pela sua aceitação, pelo comissionamento, perdurando nos controles de qualidade posteriores e até em novos comissionamentos, se necessários. Os parâmetros físicos dosimétricos mínimos necessários a serem comissionados para feixes de fótons e elétrons são: Porcentagem de Dose em Profundidade (PDD), Perfis de Campos abertos e filtrados, Fatores de Espalhamento Total (Scp), Cone (Fcone) e de Transmissão (de Filtros em cunha FF, Bandeja FB, e de Transmissão intra FMLC,intra e de fuga inter lâminas FMLC,inter), além da Determinação da Posição Virtual da Fonte de Elétrons através da SSD efetiva (SSDeff). Para tal, a American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), através do seu protocolo mais recente, apresenta objetos simuladores, tipos e tamanhos de detectores, arranjos e procedimentos experimentais específicos, através dos quais é possível inferir os parâmetros dosimétricos de feixes de fótons e elétrons, usando varredura destes com câmara de ionização (CI), considerando o erro total das medidas menor do que 1% (AAPM TG 106, 2008). Entretanto este mesmo protocolo cita de maneira sucinta ou pouco detalhada, a possibilidade da utilização de dosímetros tipo gel para o citado comissionamento, já que possuem diversas vantagens a serem consideradas na Radioterapia, como equivalência ao tecido mole (Z e ), independência energética num amplo intervalo de energia de fótons e elétrons, além da alta resolução espacial. Desta forma, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é apresentar de forma inédita, o comissionamento dos parâmetros físicos dosimétricos de aceleradores lineares clínicos (PFDALC), especificamente através do dosímetro Fricke Xilenol Gel (FXG), como método alternativo e/ou complementar aos internacionais vigentes. Para tal, neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos dispositivos e procedimentos que proporcionassem aos usuários uma forma prática, eficiente e de baixo custo para obtenção dos parâmetros citados através do FXG, em relação aqueles obtidos com a CI (método padrão). Todos os resultados dos parâmetros físicos dosimétricos obtidos com o dosímetro citado foram validados com a CI, considerando a incerteza preconizada para a mesma. Esses resultados sugerem que o FXG efetivamente poderá ser utilizado para o comissionamento de aceleradores lineares clínicos e que um protocolo específico para este dosímetro poderá ser gerado. / The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recommends that the total radiotherapy treatment uncertainty should not exceeds 5%, in other words, considering that each step involved in the absorbed dose delivery process should not surpass the cited value (ICRU 50, 1993; ICRU 62, 1999). The uncertainties considered are those involved with, the machine installation (in this work, a Clinical Linear Accelerator), its acceptance, commissioning, followed by those related to subsequent quality controls and even new commissioning, if necessary. The minimum required physical dosimetric parameters to be commissioned for electron or photon beams are: the Percentage Depth Dose (PDD), the filtered and open Field Profiles, Total Scatter Factors (Scp), Cone Factor (Fcone), Transmission Factors: Wedge Filter (FF), Tray (FB), intra Leaf (FMLC,intra) and inter Leaf Leakage (FMLC,inter), besides the Virtual Source Position Determination (SSDeff). For this purpose, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), through its last protocol, provides guidelines on phantom and detector selections, setting up of phantom for data acquisition (for scanning and no-scanning data), procedures for acquiring the cited beam parameters with ionizing chambers (CI) and methods to reduce the total measurement error lower than 1% (AAPM TG 106, 2008). However, this protocol does not present any information or details about the physical dosimetric parameters for clinical linear accelerators (PFDALC), through gel dosimeters once they present several useful advantages for Radiotherapy, such as: soft tissue equivalence (Z and ), wide energy independence range for photons or electrons beams and high spatial resolution. The scope of this work is to present an innovative way for physical dosimetric parameters commissioning, specifically using the Fricke Xylenol Gel (FXG) dosimeter, like an alternative and/or complementary method to that employed internationally. Devices and procedures have been developed for this work in order to infer the cited parameters, in a practical, efficient and low cost way, compared to that used with CI (standard method). All the FXG results obtained were validated with the CI, considering the uncertainty recommended for the last one. The results suggest that the FXG effectively can be used for physical dosimetric parameters commissioning for clinical linear accelerators and a new specific protocol can be generated.
3

Relation dose-volume effets dans les cancers du col utérin traités par curiethérapie adaptative guidée par l'imagerie 3D. / Dose-volume effects relationships in cervix cancer patients treated with image-guided adaptive brachytherapy

Mazeron, Renaud 08 December 2015 (has links)
Objectifs : Etablir des corrélations dose-volume effet entre les paramètres dosimétriques proposés par le GEC-ESTRO et la probabilité de survenue d’événements tels que le contrôle tumoral ou une toxicité radio-induite.Matériel et méthodes : Les données cliniques et dosimétriques de cohortes de patientes traitées à Gustave Roussy et dans différents centres ont été confrontées. Dans un premier temps les paramètres dosimétriques de la curiethérapie 3D ont été comparés à ceux de la curiethérapie classique. Dans un second temps, la topographie des zones les plus exposées des organes à risque, ainsi que l’impact des mouvements de la vessie, du rectum, et du colon sigmoïde sur l’évaluation de la dose délivrée, ont été étudiés. Enfin, des analyses dose-volume effets ont été réalisées.Résultats : Les valeurs des paramètres dosimétriques volumétriques (D2cm3) de la vessie et du rectum se sont révélées faiblement corrélées et significativement supérieures aux doses évaluées aux points de l’ICRU ou à un point vésical alternatif. Les zones les plus exposées de la vessie et du rectum sont apparues situées au-dessus des points de l’ICRU. Les mouvements des organes autour de l’implant pendant la délivrance du traitement sont apparus marginaux pour la vessie et sigmoïde, en dehors de variations individuelles. En revanche, la dose délivrée au rectum étaient en moyenne plus élevée que le dose planifiée. Les analyses dose-volume effets ont montré des corrélations significatives entre D0.1cm3 et D2cm3 et la probabilité de survenue d’une morbidité tardive urinaire ou rectale. De la même manière, des corrélations significatives ont été établies entre la D90 des CTV à haut risque et à risque intermédiaire et la probabilité d’obtention du contrôle local. Divers caractéristiques tumorales (largeur au diagnostic, volume du CTV-HR, stade FIGO), impactent ces relations, de même que l’étalement total du traitement.Conclusion : Des corrélations dose-volume effets ont été établies entre les paramètres dosimétriques modernes et la probabilité d’obtenir le contrôle local ou d’entraîner une morbidité tardive. En ce qui concerne le contrôle tumoral, les objectifs de prescription doivent être personnalisés en fonction de critères carcinologiques. Pour les organes à risque, de contraintes de dose basées sur l’expérience de la curiethérapie 3D peuvent être établies, mais doivent être affinées dans de futures études en fonction de cofacteurs tels que les comorbidités. Les points gardent un intérêt en recherche clinique, pour l’étude de la morbidité vésicale ou vaginale.Ce travail a l'objet de 6 publications dans des revues internationales à comité de lecture. La septième est présentée sous forme de manuscrit. / Objectives: To establish dose-volume effects correlations between volumetric dosimetric parameters proposed by the GEC-ESTRO and the probability of occurrence of events such as tumor control or radiation-induced toxicity.Methods: Clinical and dosimetric data of patients treated at Gustave Roussy and in different centers have been reviewed. At first step, dosimetric parameters of image-guided brachytherapy were compared with those of conventional brachytherapy. Secondly, the topography of the most exposed areas of the organs at risk, and the impact of the movements of the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon on the assessment of the delivered dose, were studied. Finally, analyzes dose-volume effects were performed.Results: The values of volumetric dosimetric parameters (D2cm3) of the bladder and rectum appeared weakly correlated and significantly higher than the doses evaluated at ICRU points of bladder and rectum , an even in an alternative bladder point. The most exposed areas of the bladder and rectum appeared located above the points of the ICRU. The movements of the organs around the implant during the delivery of the treatment appeared marginal for the bladder and sigmoid, apart from individual variations. However, the mean delivered dose to the rectum was higher than the planned dose. Dose-volume effects correlations showed significant correlations between D0.1cm3 and D2cm3 and the probability of occurrence of urinary or rectal late morbidity. Similarly, significant correlations have been established between the D90 of the high risk, intermediate risk-CTV and the probability of achieving local control. Various tumor characteristics (width, HR-CTV volume, FIGO stage) impact these relationships, as well as the treatment time.Conclusion: Dose-volume effects correlations have been established between modern dosimetric parameters and the probability of achieving local control or cause late morbidity. Regarding tumor control, prescription aims must be customized according to oncologic criteria. For organs at risk, new dose constraints based on 3D brachytherapy experience can be established but should be refined in future studies based on cofactors such as comorbidities. The points retain an interest in clinical research for the study of bladder or vaginal morbidity.

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