In this project, we demonstrate our discovery of original symmetric presentations and constructions of important groups, including nonabelian simple groups, and groups that have these as factor groups. The target nonabelian simple groups include alternating, linear, and sporadic groups. We give isomorphism types for each finite homomorphic image that has been found. We present original symmetric presentations of $M_{12}$, $M_{21}:(2 \times 2)$, $L_{3}(4):2^2$, $2:^{\cdot}L_{3}(4):2$, $S(4,3)$, and $S_{7}$ as homomorphism images of the progenitors $2^{*20}$ $:$ $A_{5}$, $2^{*10}$ $:$ $PGL(2,9)$, $2^{*10}$ $:$ $Aut(A_{6})$, $2^{*10}$ $:$ $A_{6}$, $2^{*10}$ $:$ $A_{5}$, and $2^{*24}$ $:$ $S_{5}$, respectively. We also construct $M_{12}$, $M_{21}:(2 \times 2)$, $L_{3}(4):2^2$, $L_{3}(4):2^2$, $2:^{\cdot}L_{3}(4):2$, $S(4,3)$, and $S_{7}$ over $A_{5}$, $PGL(2,9)$, $Aut(A_{6})$, $A_{6}$, $A_{5}$, and $S_{5}$, respectively, using our technique of double coset enumeration. All of the symmetric presentations given are original to the best of our knowledge.

In this thesis we have investigated permutation and monomial progenitors of the form p^*n:N (p=2,3,5,...) and p^*n:_m N (p=3,5,7,...) respectively. We have discovered new symmetric presentations of several finite nonabelian simple groups including linear groups, unitary groups, orthogonal groups, and sporadic groups. We have constructed interesting groups found using the technique of double coset enumeration and found the isomorphic types of the numerous groups that appeared as homorphic images. These include the sympletic group, S_4(5) and the Janko groups, J_2 and J_1 which were found using a variety of different control groups over finite fields.

We will explore progenitors extensively throughout this project. The progenitor, developed by Robert T Curtis, is a special type of infinite group formed by a semi-direct product of a free group m*n and a transitive permutation group of degree n. Since progenitors are infinite, we add necessary relations to produce finite homomorphic images. Curtis found that any non-abelian simple group is a homomorphic image of a progenitor of the form 2*n: N. In particular, we will investigate progenitors that generate two of the Mathieu sporadic groups, M11 and M11, as well as some classical groups. We will prove their existences a variety of different ways, including the process of double coset enumeration, Iwasawa's Lemma, and linear fractional mappings. We will also investigate the various techniques of finding finite images and their corresponding isomorphism types.

The aim of this thesis is to generate original symmetric presentations for finite non-abelian simple groups. We will discuss many permutation progenitors, including but not limited to 2*14 : D28, 2∗9 : 3•(32), 3∗9 : 3•(32), 2∗21 : (7X3) : 2 as well as monomial progenitors, including 7∗5 :m A5, 3∗5 :m S5. We have included their homomorphic images which include the Mathieu group M12, 2•J2, 2XS(4, 5), as well as, many PGL′s, PSL′s and alternating groups. We will give proofs of the isomorphism types of each progenitor, either by hand using double coset enumeration or computer based using MAGMA. We have also constructed Cayley graphs of the following groups, 25 : S5 over 2∗5 : S5, PSL(2, 8) over 2∗7 : D14, M12 over a maximal subgroup, 2XS5. We have developed a lemma using relations to factor permutation progenitors of the form m∗n : N to give an isomorphism of mn : N . Motivated by Robert T. Curtis’ research, we will present a program using MAGMA that, when given a target finite non-abelian simple group, the program will generate possible control groups to write progenitors that will give the given finite non-abelian simple group. Iwasawa’s lemma is also discussed and used to prove PSL(2, 8) and M12 to be simple groups.

The goal of this thesis is to show constructions of some of the sporadic groups such as the Mathieu group, M12, J1, Projective Special Linear groups, PSL(2,8), and PSL(2,11), Unitary group U(3,3) and many other non-abelian simple groups. Our purpose is to find all simple non-abelian groups as homomorphic images of permutation or monomial progenitors, as well grasping a deep understanding of group theory and extension theory to determine groups up to isomorphisms. The progenitor, developed by Robert T. Curtis, is a semi-direct product of the following form: P≅2*n: N = {πw | π ∈ N, w a reduced word in the ti} where 2*n denotes a free product of n copies of the cyclic group of order 2 generated by involutions ti for 1 ≤ i≤ n; and N is a transitive permutation group of degree n which acts on the free product by permuting the involuntary generators by conjugation. Thus we develop methods for factoring by a suitable any number of relations in the hope of finding all non-abelian simple groups, and in particular one of the 26 Sporadic simple groups. Then the algorithm for double coset enumeration together with the first isomorphic theorem aids us in proving the homomorphic image of the group we have constructed. After being presented with a group G, we then compute the composition series to solve extension problems. Given a composition such as G = G0 ≥ G1 ≥ ….. ≥ Gn-1 ≥ Gn = 1 and the corresponding factor groups G0/G1 = Q1,…,Gn-2/Gn-1 = Qn-1,Gn-1/Gn = Qn. We note that G1 = 1, implying Gn-1 = Qn. As we move through the next composition factor we see that Gn-2/Qn = Qn-1, so that Gn-2 is an extension of Qn-1 by Qn. Following this procedure we can recapture G from the products of Qi and thus solve the extension problem. The Jordan-Holder theorem then allows us to develop a process to analyze all finite groups if we knew all finite simple groups and could solve their extension problem, hence arriving at the isomorphism type of the group. We will present how we solve extensions problems while our main focus will lie on extensions that will include the following: semi-direct products, direct products, central extensions and mixed extensions.Lastly, we will discuss Iwasawa's Lemma and how double coset enumeration aids us in showing the simplicity of some of our groups.

We have investigated several monomial and permutation progenitors, including 2*8 : [8 : 2], 2*18 : [(22 x 3) : (3x2)], 2*16 : [22 : 4], and 2*16 : 24, 5*2 :m [4•22], 5*2 :m [(4x2) :• 2], 103∗2 :m [17 : 2] and 103∗4 :m [17 : 4]. We have discovered original, to the best of our knowledge, symmetric presentations of a number of finite groups, including PSL(2, 7), M12 , A6 : 2, A7 , PSL(2, 25), 25 :• S4, 24 : S3, PSL(2, 271), 12 x PSL(2, 13), and U(3, 7) : 2. We will present our construction of several of these images, including the Mathieu sporadic simple group M12 over the maximal subgroup PSL(2, 11), PSL(2, 17) over D9, PSL(2, 16) : 2 over [24 : 5] and PGL(2, 7) over S3. We will also give our method of finding isomorphism classes of images.

The goal of this presentation is to find original symmetric presentations of finite groups. It is frequently the case, that progenitors factored by appropriate relations produce simple and even sporadic groups as homomorphic images. We have discovered two of the twenty-six sporadic simple groups namely, M12, J1 and the Lie type group Suz(8). In addition several linear and classical groups will also be presented. We will present several progenitors including: 2*12: 22 x (3 : 2), 2*11: PSL2(11), 2*5: (5 : 4) which have produced the homomorphic images: M12 : 2, Suz(8) x 2, and J1 x 2. We will give monomial progenitors whose homomorphic images are: 17*10 :m PGL2(9), 3*4:m Z2 ≀D4 , and 13*2:m (22 x 3) : 2 which produce the homomorphic images:132 : ((2 x 13) : (2 x 3)), 2 x S9, and (22)•PGL4(3). Once we have a presentation of a group we can verify the group's existence through double coset enumeration. We will give proofs of isomorphism types of the presented images: S3 x PGL2(7) x S5, 28:A5, and 2•U4(2):2.

We have conducted a systematic search for finite homomorphic images of several permutation and monomial progenitors. We have found original symmetric presentations for several important groups such as the Mathieu sporadic simple groups, Suzuki simple group, unitary group, Janko group, simplectic groups, and projective special linear groups. We have also constructed, using the technique of double coset enumeration, the following groups, L_2(11), S(4,3):2, M11, and PGL(2,11). The isomorphism class of each of the finite images is also given.

In this thesis, we will give our discovery of original symmetric presentations of several important groups. We have investigated permutation and monomial progenitors 2*8: (23: 22), 2*9: (32: 24), 2*10: (24: (2 × 5)), 5*4:m (23: 22), 7*8:m (32: 24), and 3*5:m (24: (2 × 5)). The finite images of the above progenitors include the Mathieu sporadic group M12, the linear groups L2(8) and L2(13), and the extensions S6 × 2, 28 : .L2(8) , and 27 : .A5. We will show our construction of the four groups S3 , L2(8), L2(13), and S6 × 2 over S3, 22, S3 : 2, and S5, by using the technique of double coset enumeration. We will also provide isomorphism types all of the groups that have appeared as finite homomorphic images. We will show that the group L2(8) does not satisfy the conditions of Iwasawas Lemma and that the group L2(13) is simple by Iwasawas Lemma. We give constructions of M22 × 2 and M22 as homomorphic images of the progenitor S6.