Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The thesis focuses on the manufacture of car body panels at Austin Rover and in particular the phenomenon of spring-back. After pressing of a shallow drawn panel its shape is often flatter than required. This loss of shape control corresponds to areas of small strains. The aim of the thesis is to describe the generation of a database of small strain information at discrete points on a drawn panel, which could be used in the numerical modelling of the drawing process.

This thesis centers on the study of the design principles used in creating hand-drawn effects and how they can be applied to computer-generated 3D effects. By studying the rich history of hand-drawn effects animation, artists working on computer-generated films can enhance the emotional impact and visual appeal of their effects without devoting years to creating hand-drawn effects. From reference clips of animated effects and writings by artists, a list of aesthetic guidelines for the production of stylized effects is generated. A series of case study animations is created to demonstrate how these guidelines can be used to create effects in various styles and of various elements.

The diploma thesis was elaborated in the frame of engineering studies branch M-STG. This project is submitting design of technology production of oil filter cover from the deep drawing sheet iron 11 305.21. The size of production lot is 300 000 pcs/year. In relation to the shape of drawn part and the size of production was chosen the deep drawing technology and designed manufacturing process. For production was on the basis of realized engineering calculations chosen hydraulic deep drawing press and constructed drawing die. The drawing die is on the basis of a transfer conception and includes two blank holders and two ejectors.

Early studies on the bacterial content of milk were made mainly to satisfy the interst of people who wished to determine the various materials that contained bacteris. Soon the value of bacterial counts, as an indication of the general conditions of production, of handling, and of the keeping qualities of milk, became evident and bacterial counts were used to obtain information concerning these problems. Numbers of bacteria in milk have been used also in the studies of the desirable and undesirable changes in milk. In the last few years our citizenry has been made more importance of bacteria in milk. As the number of milk dealers have increased and our population in the cities has become more conjested, more stringent regulation of our milk supplies has been practiced. Of major importance in this regulatory program is the bacterial count of milk. Large dairy manufacturing plants, which have also recognized the importance of high bacterial counts in influencing the quality of their products, have encouraged production of low count milk even to the extent of giving bonuses to such producers and rejecting milk that did not come within their standards.

Unbonded post-tensioned concrete slabs have been widely used in Canada and the United States since the 1960s, as they allow increased span-to-depth ratios and excellent control of deflections compared to non-prestressed reinforced concrete flexural members. The satisfactory fire performance of unbonded post-tensioned concrete slabs in North America was established by a series of standard fire tests performed in the United States during the 1960s. However, there is a paucity of data on the effect of elevated temperatures on cold-drawn prestressing steel, both in terms of post-fire residual mechanical properties and high-temperature stress relaxation, which can lead to significant prestress loss both during and after a fire. A detailed and comprehensive literature review is presented that provides background on the residual mechanical properties of prestressing steel, as well as on the creep-relaxation behaviour experienced at elevated temperatures under stress. The results of two test series are discussed; the first examining the effects of elevated temperatures on the residual mechanical properties of prestressing steel exposed to elevated temperatures. The second test series examines the irrecoverable and significant loss of prestress force that results from steel relaxation and other thermal effects experienced during heating. A preliminary analytical model is presented, capable of predicting the change in prestress force experienced by a stressed strand under transient heating. The model is then compared with experimental elevated temperature relaxation data. Finally, the analytical model developed and residual mechanical properties obtained through experimentation are used along with a pre-existing finite difference heat transfer model (developed for concrete slabs) to examine the effect of elevated temperature exposure on the residual flexural capacity of a typical unbonded post-tensioned example slab. Several parameters, such as heated length and concrete cover, are examined using the example structure. From this it was observed that, after one hour of exposure to a standard fire (ASTM E119), significant losses in effective prestress and moment capacity occurred even with the appropriate amount of concrete cover. This is a finding which is of the utmost practical importance to engineers engaged in the evaluation of fire damaged unbonded post-tensioned structures. / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2007-12-18 17:15:17.521 / Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Department of Civil Engineering at Queen’s University

Existem muitas aplicações em engenharia onde são requisitados materiais que apresentem boas propriedades mecânicas tais como, resistência mecânica, alto limite de escoamento, dureza, aliado ao atendimento às necessidades do cliente. Dentro deste contexto, foi realizado um trabalho focado em processo de trefilação combinada, utilizando como método a produção de barras a partir de rolo de fio-máquina. A trefilação combinada consiste nas etapas de pré-endireitamento com múltiplos rolos, jateamento, trefilação, corte e endireitamento com dois rolos, tendo como produto final barras acabadas trefiladas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo otimizar o processo de trefilação de aço SAE 9254 (aço mola) visando à redução da variabilidade do empenamento, bem como atender os níveis de especificação para diversos clientes. Esta qualidade de aço é empregada na fabricação de molas de suspensão para indústria automotiva e agrícola, onde estas, com seus processos de manufatura, agregam ao produto propriedades específicas (por exemplo, dureza e resistência a tração) para o seu uso. Inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão dos principais fundamentos e conceitos metalúrgicos referentes aos mecanismos de empenamento e endireitamento dos aços, bem como a influência de cada uma das variáveis de processo em questão nas propriedades finais do produto com foco no empenamento. Nesta dissertação foram avaliadas as inter-relações existentes no processo de trefilação, dentre os quais velocidade de trefilação, geometria de fieira (semi-ângulo da fieira), pressão de endireitamento e ângulo de endireitamento, utilizados na trefila. Foi realizada a caracterização mecânica e metalúrgica do aço base, produto laminado e trefilado nas bitolas 12,5 mm e 14,03 mm. Os resultados obtidos permitiram melhorar os níveis de empenamento inicialmente encontrados, fazendo mudanças nos parâmetros de processo e otimizando a trefilação desta qualidade de aço mola. Foram determinados valores limites para as variáveis críticas de processo estudadas, atendendo assim a qualidade exigida pelo cliente desde que as mesmas sejam respeitadas. / There are many applications in engineering in which materials with good mechanical properties are required such as, tensile strength, tension yield, toughness, together with supplying the client's needs. Focusing on this, a research was conducted focused on searching on ways on how to better the quality of the product as well as serving the client's specifications. The combined drawing process consists of pre-straightening, shot peening, drawing, cutting and two roll straightening of coils to produce bars. The objective of this paper is to optimize the cold drawn process of steel grade SAE 9254 (spring steel) aiming the variability reduction of the straightening, as well as serve the levels of specifications for various clients. This quality of steel is used in the manufacturing of suspension springs for the automotive and agricultural industries, whereas with their manufacturing processes aggregate to the product specific properties (for example, toughness and tensile strength) for its uses. Initially, a review of the main fundaments and the metallurgical concepts referring to the straightening and straightening mechanisms of the steel was realized. As weel as the influence of each process variable existing in the final property of the product focusing on straightness. In this text, the existing relations in the cold drawn process were compiled, such as the speed of cold drawn, die semi-angle, the straightening pressure and angle, used in the cold drawn. The mechanical properties and metal characterization of the base steel was made, rolling product and cold drawing in the 12,5mm and 14,03mm gauges. The obtained results allowed us to improve the initially found levels of straightening, applying changes to the process parameter and optimizing the cold drawn of the quality of this spring steel. Limit values were checked for the critical variable of process that were studied, and so attending the quality demanded by the client as long as the same are respected.

Existem muitas aplicações em engenharia onde são requisitados materiais que apresentem boas propriedades mecânicas tais como, resistência mecânica, alto limite de escoamento, dureza, aliado ao atendimento às necessidades do cliente. Dentro deste contexto, foi realizado um trabalho focado em processo de trefilação combinada, utilizando como método a produção de barras a partir de rolo de fio-máquina. A trefilação combinada consiste nas etapas de pré-endireitamento com múltiplos rolos, jateamento, trefilação, corte e endireitamento com dois rolos, tendo como produto final barras acabadas trefiladas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo otimizar o processo de trefilação de aço SAE 9254 (aço mola) visando à redução da variabilidade do empenamento, bem como atender os níveis de especificação para diversos clientes. Esta qualidade de aço é empregada na fabricação de molas de suspensão para indústria automotiva e agrícola, onde estas, com seus processos de manufatura, agregam ao produto propriedades específicas (por exemplo, dureza e resistência a tração) para o seu uso. Inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão dos principais fundamentos e conceitos metalúrgicos referentes aos mecanismos de empenamento e endireitamento dos aços, bem como a influência de cada uma das variáveis de processo em questão nas propriedades finais do produto com foco no empenamento. Nesta dissertação foram avaliadas as inter-relações existentes no processo de trefilação, dentre os quais velocidade de trefilação, geometria de fieira (semi-ângulo da fieira), pressão de endireitamento e ângulo de endireitamento, utilizados na trefila. Foi realizada a caracterização mecânica e metalúrgica do aço base, produto laminado e trefilado nas bitolas 12,5 mm e 14,03 mm. Os resultados obtidos permitiram melhorar os níveis de empenamento inicialmente encontrados, fazendo mudanças nos parâmetros de processo e otimizando a trefilação desta qualidade de aço mola. Foram determinados valores limites para as variáveis críticas de processo estudadas, atendendo assim a qualidade exigida pelo cliente desde que as mesmas sejam respeitadas. / There are many applications in engineering in which materials with good mechanical properties are required such as, tensile strength, tension yield, toughness, together with supplying the client's needs. Focusing on this, a research was conducted focused on searching on ways on how to better the quality of the product as well as serving the client's specifications. The combined drawing process consists of pre-straightening, shot peening, drawing, cutting and two roll straightening of coils to produce bars. The objective of this paper is to optimize the cold drawn process of steel grade SAE 9254 (spring steel) aiming the variability reduction of the straightening, as well as serve the levels of specifications for various clients. This quality of steel is used in the manufacturing of suspension springs for the automotive and agricultural industries, whereas with their manufacturing processes aggregate to the product specific properties (for example, toughness and tensile strength) for its uses. Initially, a review of the main fundaments and the metallurgical concepts referring to the straightening and straightening mechanisms of the steel was realized. As weel as the influence of each process variable existing in the final property of the product focusing on straightness. In this text, the existing relations in the cold drawn process were compiled, such as the speed of cold drawn, die semi-angle, the straightening pressure and angle, used in the cold drawn. The mechanical properties and metal characterization of the base steel was made, rolling product and cold drawing in the 12,5mm and 14,03mm gauges. The obtained results allowed us to improve the initially found levels of straightening, applying changes to the process parameter and optimizing the cold drawn of the quality of this spring steel. Limit values were checked for the critical variable of process that were studied, and so attending the quality demanded by the client as long as the same are respected.

Existem muitas aplicações em engenharia onde são requisitados materiais que apresentem boas propriedades mecânicas tais como, resistência mecânica, alto limite de escoamento, dureza, aliado ao atendimento às necessidades do cliente. Dentro deste contexto, foi realizado um trabalho focado em processo de trefilação combinada, utilizando como método a produção de barras a partir de rolo de fio-máquina. A trefilação combinada consiste nas etapas de pré-endireitamento com múltiplos rolos, jateamento, trefilação, corte e endireitamento com dois rolos, tendo como produto final barras acabadas trefiladas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo otimizar o processo de trefilação de aço SAE 9254 (aço mola) visando à redução da variabilidade do empenamento, bem como atender os níveis de especificação para diversos clientes. Esta qualidade de aço é empregada na fabricação de molas de suspensão para indústria automotiva e agrícola, onde estas, com seus processos de manufatura, agregam ao produto propriedades específicas (por exemplo, dureza e resistência a tração) para o seu uso. Inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão dos principais fundamentos e conceitos metalúrgicos referentes aos mecanismos de empenamento e endireitamento dos aços, bem como a influência de cada uma das variáveis de processo em questão nas propriedades finais do produto com foco no empenamento. Nesta dissertação foram avaliadas as inter-relações existentes no processo de trefilação, dentre os quais velocidade de trefilação, geometria de fieira (semi-ângulo da fieira), pressão de endireitamento e ângulo de endireitamento, utilizados na trefila. Foi realizada a caracterização mecânica e metalúrgica do aço base, produto laminado e trefilado nas bitolas 12,5 mm e 14,03 mm. Os resultados obtidos permitiram melhorar os níveis de empenamento inicialmente encontrados, fazendo mudanças nos parâmetros de processo e otimizando a trefilação desta qualidade de aço mola. Foram determinados valores limites para as variáveis críticas de processo estudadas, atendendo assim a qualidade exigida pelo cliente desde que as mesmas sejam respeitadas. / There are many applications in engineering in which materials with good mechanical properties are required such as, tensile strength, tension yield, toughness, together with supplying the client's needs. Focusing on this, a research was conducted focused on searching on ways on how to better the quality of the product as well as serving the client's specifications. The combined drawing process consists of pre-straightening, shot peening, drawing, cutting and two roll straightening of coils to produce bars. The objective of this paper is to optimize the cold drawn process of steel grade SAE 9254 (spring steel) aiming the variability reduction of the straightening, as well as serve the levels of specifications for various clients. This quality of steel is used in the manufacturing of suspension springs for the automotive and agricultural industries, whereas with their manufacturing processes aggregate to the product specific properties (for example, toughness and tensile strength) for its uses. Initially, a review of the main fundaments and the metallurgical concepts referring to the straightening and straightening mechanisms of the steel was realized. As weel as the influence of each process variable existing in the final property of the product focusing on straightness. In this text, the existing relations in the cold drawn process were compiled, such as the speed of cold drawn, die semi-angle, the straightening pressure and angle, used in the cold drawn. The mechanical properties and metal characterization of the base steel was made, rolling product and cold drawing in the 12,5mm and 14,03mm gauges. The obtained results allowed us to improve the initially found levels of straightening, applying changes to the process parameter and optimizing the cold drawn of the quality of this spring steel. Limit values were checked for the critical variable of process that were studied, and so attending the quality demanded by the client as long as the same are respected.

The aim of this report is to investigate the ductile performance of concrete tilt-up panels reinforced with cold-drawn mesh to improve the current seismic assessment procedure. The commercial impact of the project was also investigated. Engineering Advisory Group (EAG) guidelines state that a crack in a panel under face loading may be sufficient to fracture the mesh. The comments made by EAG regarding the performance of cold-drawn mesh may be interpreted as suggesting that assessment of such panels be conducted with a ductility of 1.0. Observations of tilt-up panel performance following the Christchurch earthquakes suggest that a ductility higher than μ=1.0 is likely to be appropriate for the response of panels to out-of-plane loading. An experimental test frame was designed to subject ten tilt-panel specimens to a cyclic quasi-static loading protocol. Rotation ductility, calculated from the force-displacement response from the test specimens, was found to range between 2.9 and 5.8. Correlation between tensile tests on 663L mesh, and data collected from instrumentation during testing confirmed that the mesh behaves as un-bonded over the pitch length of 150mm. Recommendation: Based on a moment-rotation assessment approach with an un-bonded length equal to the pitch of the mesh, a rotation ductility of μ=2.5 appears to be appropriate for the seismic assessment of panels reinforced with cold-drawn mesh.