The subfamily Cyclidiinae is a small macroheteroceran group, which is endemic to the Oriental region and comprising 13 species in 2 genera, e.g. Cyclidia Guenée, 1857 and Mimozethes Warren, 1901. The larvae of the subfamily are specialists on Alangium (Cornaceae) and exhibit conspicuous colouration and gregariousness that may possibly function as aposematism. Historically this subfamily was inconsistently treated as either a separate family from Drepanidae, or lumped as a subordination of Drepanidae. Although both the two recent molecular phylogenetic hypotheses support the monophyly of Drepanidae, the morphological characters supporting the monophyletic status of Cyclidiinae and Drepanidae, however, have never been examined using modern methods. In the present study I investigated the phylogenetic relationships of Cyclidiinae based on morphological characters obtained from all the described species (13 species, including 4 subspecies) and the representatives of Drepaninae, Thyatirinae and Hypsidia. Cimeliidae and Doidae were chosen to be the outgroup taxa. In total 72 adult characters (32 binary, 40 multistate) were obtained and analyzed using Maximum Parsimony based on two character inclusion schemes (including or excluding wing pattern characters). The results showed the monophyletic status of the two Cyclidiinae genera, each subfamily of Drepanidae and the entire Drepanidae were recovered no matter which character inclusion scheme was adopted. The sistergroup of Cyclidiinae is confirmed to be ((Thyatirinae + Hypsidia) + Drepaninae). Although including wing pattern characters in the analysis does not significantly increase phylogenetic resolution within the Cyclidiinae, this scheme has great influence on the internal relationship of the subfamily. Meanwhile the present study reveals that most synapomorphies of Cyclidiinae proposed by previous studies are in fact plesiomorphic.

Drugiai Lietuvoje tiriami jau seniai, tačiau dažniausiai tai buvo epizodiniai tyrimai. Yra mažai duoneų apie konkrečios vietovės drugių bendrijas. Šiame darbe aprašomi Ignalinos rajono, agrarinio kraštovaizdžio naktinių makrodrugių tyrimų metodai ir rezultatai. Tirti drugiai priklauso antšeimiams Geometroidea, Bombycoidea, Drepanoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Noctuoidea ir Hepialoidea. Tyrimų medžiaga buvo renkama 2008-2010 m. Antagavės ir Stagalėnų apylinkėse (Ignalinos rajonas), nuo gegužės iki lapkričio. buvo naudojama Jalo modelio šviesinė vabzdžių gaudyklė su Philips ML 160W lempa. Marinimui naudotas etilacetatas. Antagavėje buvo rastos 169 drugių rūšys, Stagalėnuose 201, surinkti iš viso 13244 individai. Stagalėnai yra Aukštaitijos nacionaliniame parke. Šiose apylinkėse rasta 33% visų parke žinomų drugių rūšių. Nenustatyta eudominantinių ir dominantinių rūšių. Gausiausios rūšys buvo Rivula sericealis (sudarė 3,89% visų bendrijos individų), Xestia (Megasema) c-nigrum (3,41%), Caradrina (Caradrina) morpheus (3,12%). 26 rūšys sudarė daugiau nei 1% visų bendrijos drugių individų. Gausiausios rūšys Antagavėjė buvo Noctua pronuba (7,96%) ir Caradrina morpheus (6,39%). Tai dominantinės rūšys šioje vietovėje. Didžiausias drugių rūšių ir individų gausumas buvo liepos mėnesį. / Lithuanian moths (Lepidoptera) were studied by various researchers for a long time, but mostly only episodic studies were carried on. There are little data concerning nocturnal Lepidoptera investigations of concrete district. Methods and results of nocturnal macrolepidoptera research in agricultural landscape in Ignalina administrative district are described in this work. Analyzed species belong to superfamilies Geometroidea, Bombycoidea, Drepanoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Noctuoidea and Hepialoidea. The material of nocturnal Lepidoptera was collected in Antagavė and Stagalėnai localities (Ignalina administrative district) during May and October 2008-2010. Jalas model automatic light trap with Philips ML 160W lamp bulb was used. Ethyl acetate was used as a killing agent. There were 169 moth species collected in Antagavė and 201 in Stagalėnai with the total number of 13244 individuals. Stagalėnai is in Aukštatija national park. In this village found 33% of the national park known species. There was no eudominants or dominants. The most abundant species were Rivula sericealis (species made 3,89% of all individuals in Stagalėnai), Xestia (Megasema) c-nigrum (3,41%), Caradrina (Caradrina) morpheus (3,12%). 26 macrolepidoptera species made more than 1% of all individuals. They characterise the community. Most abundant species in Antagavė were Noctua pronuba (7,96%) and Caradrina morpheus (6,39%). They are dominants in this territory. Greatest abundance of species and individuals was... [to full text]