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Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani / Coorientador: Adilson josé Rocha Mello / Banca: Carlos Alessandro Chioderoli / Banca: Rouverson Pereira da Silva / Banca: Murilo Aparecido Voltarelli / Banca: Cristiano Zerbato / Resumo: As operações agrícolas realizadas de maneira adequada conseguem elevar as produtividades e consequentemente os lucros de uma propriedade. Entre essas operações a semeadura deve receber alto grau de importância, por se tratar da etapa em que se lançam mão dos insumos mais caros da produção, as sementes e o adubo. As semeadoras-adubadoras devem realizar o corte da palhada para a abertura do sulco de semeadura e a deposição das sementes em espaçamentos pré-determinados e a sobreposição correta dessas sementes com solo. Nesse sentido foram realizados três estudos o primeiro com o intuito de avaliar o comportamento dos mecanismos dosadores em função das velocidades de deslocamento por meio do controle estatístico do processo. O segundo, os mecanismos dosadores que se destacaram pela avaliação da qualidade do processo foram avaliados seu comportamento pelo teste de regressão, Já o terceiro buscou-se avaliar o comportamento do mecanismo de abertura do sulco influenciado pelas velocidades analisadas. No primeiro foi possível observar a menor velocidade de trabalho apresentou melhor qualidade, ou seja, menor variabilidade dos indicadores de qualidade monitorados. Para o segundo estudo constatou-se que interação dosador B com as velocidades V1, V2 e V3 apresentaram as maiores populações de plantas e porcentagens de espaçamentos normais, as velocidade superiores influenciaram de maneira significativa esses parâmetros. No terceiro, a velocidade intermediária (9,1 km h-1) apresentou maior... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The operations performed of adequate way can raise yield and consequently the profits of a property. Among these operations sowing should receive a high degree of importance, because it is the stage in which the are used most expensive inputs of the production, seeds and fertilizer. Seeders should perform cutting of the straw to the opening of the sowing groove and the deposition of the seeds at predetermined spacings and the correct overlap of these seeds with soil. In this sense, three studies were carried out in order to evaluate the behavior of the metering mechanisms in function of the displacement speed through the statistical control of the process. The second, the metering mechanisms that highlighted by the evaluation of the quality of the process were evaluated its behavior by the regression test.While the third one sought to evaluate the behavior of the opening mechanism of the groove influenced by the speeds analyzed. In the first one it was possible to observe the lower speed of work presented better quality, that is, lower variability of the quality indicators monitored. For the second study, it was found that the interaction between the doser B and the speeds V1, V2 and V3 showed the highest plant populations and normal spacing percentages, the higher velocities had a significant influence on these parameters. In the third, intermediate speed (9.1 km h-1 ), showed a greater mobilized area and furrow depth, as well as a smaller furrow angle. However, the speed of 6.5 km h-1 presented a larger plant population and productivity. Finally, it is possible to conclude that both the furrow opening mechanism and the seed metering mechanism are influenced by the speed of movement of the tractor-seeder set. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:20:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-09-02. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:24:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858213.pdf: 1538047 bytes, checksum: 24e97a22ea43a6d5d79cb324433219e6 (MD5) / Realizar mecanicamente a semeadura de soja na população adequada com distribuição de sementes na linha de semeadura de modo eficiente e colhê-la também mecanicamente reduzindo as perdas e quebras dos grãos, ambos são fatores importantes nos processos mecanizados desta cultura para garantir alta produtividade. Pressupondo-se que os processos de semeadura e colheita da soja possam influenciar os indicadores de qualidade destas operações agrícolas mecanizadas, conduziu-se o presente trabalho na área experimental do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola da UNESP/Jaboticabal, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da semeadura e da colheita desta oleaginosa por meio do controle estatístico de processo. A operação de semeadura foi realizada função de três velocidades de avanço (4,7; 6,0 e 9,0 km h-1), com duas populações de plantas (400 e 533 mil plantas ha-1), avaliando-se a força e potência necessárias para o processo, a distribuição longitudinal de plantas na linha de semeadura e as características agronômicas da cultura. Na colheita mecanizada da soja usando ferramentas de controle estatístico, foram avaliadas as perdas quantitativas e a qualidade operacional da colheita. Utilizando os critérios de controle de qualidade a área amostrada constou de 30 pontos especializados, equidistantes em 40 metros, selecionados sequencialmente a partir do início da colheita. Em cada ponto foi determinado altura de corte; umidade dos grãos na colheita; perdas na plataforma, nos mecanismos internos, na deficiência da altura de corte e totais; porcentagem de grãos inteiros e quebrados no graneleiro, na plataforma e no sistema de trilha e limpeza. Os resultados demonstraram que a maior velocidade de semeadura resultou em uma maior demanda de potência média e pico além de menor porcentagem de espaçamentos normais entre plantas. A produtividade de grãos foi maior na população inicialmente desejada de 533.333... / Mechanically perform the soybean seeding in the appropriate population distribution of seeds in efficiently seeding line and harvest it mechanically also reducing losses and grains breaks, both are important factors in the mechanized processes of this culture to ensure high productivity. Assuming that the seeding and harvest process of soybean may influence the quality indicators of these mechanized agricultural operations, was conducted this study in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Agricultural Machines and Mechanization of UNESP/Jaboticabal, in order to assess the quality of seeding and harvest of this oilseed through statistical process control. Seeding operation was performed three forward speeds function (4.7, 6.0 and 9.0 km h-1), two populations of plants (400 and 533 thousand plants ha-1), evaluating the strength and power necessary for the process, the longitudinal distribution of plants in the seeding line and agronomic characteristics of the crop. In mechanical harvesting of soybeans using statistical control tools, were evaluated the quantitative losses and operational quality of harvest. Using the criteria of quality control, the sampled area consisted of 30 specialized points, equally spaced at 40 meters, selected sequentially from the beginning of harvest. Each point was determined cutting height; grain moisture at harvest; losses on the platform, internal mechanisms, disability of cutting height and total; percentage of whole and broken grain in bulk, in the platform and track system and cleaning. The results demonstrated that the higher seeding rate resulted in a higher average and peak power demand as well as the lowest percentage of normal spacing between plants. The grain yield was higher in the population initially desired to 533,333 plants ha-1 at the speed of 6 km h-1. The lower operating speed provided less tractor power demand as well the best longitudinal distribution of normal spacing. At harvest ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-19. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:25:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000843340.pdf: 914511 bytes, checksum: e1fc8104c1ca2960fdf4da323a19ecd2 (MD5) / O êxito da implantação e do arranquio de amendoim depende da condição dos solos, dos sistemas mecanizados e dos índices de qualidade das operações agrícolas. A qualidade da semeadura é imprescindível para se obter uma população adequada de plantas visando altas produtividades e o arranquio deve ser realizado nas melhores condições possíveis para se evitar as perdas de vagens. Além disso, a utilização da tecnologia de direcionamento automático tem sido utilizada com a finalidade de melhorar o paralelismo e eficiência das operações. Neste trabalho foram realizados três estudos que tiveram como objetivos avaliar a qualidade da semeadura (primeiro estudo) e do arranquio (segundo estudo) mecanizados de amendoim em três solos de classes texturais distintas (arenosa, média e argilosa) e as condições de teor de água que os mesmos se encontravam, além da comparação das operações realizadas com o uso do piloto automático ou operadas manualmente (terceiro estudo). Os experimentos foram realizados em localidades do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, dispostos em faixas, e utilizado o controle estatístico de processos para avaliar a qualidade das operações. No primeiro estudo a maior qualidade obtida para densidade de semeadura e espaçamentos normais conferiu ao solo da classe textural Argilosa um estande inicial de plântulas mais homogêneo e dentro do esperado. A Arenosa somente teve sua qualidade afetada pela maior variabilidade obtida devido às condições hídricas do solo no momento da semeadura. Já a classe textural Média, com exceção à densidade e profundidade de semeadura que é exclusivo do desempenho da máquina, obteve qualidade inferior aos demais tipos de solo devido às condições prejudiciais quanto ao teor de água do solo e às precipitações pluviais. No segundo estudo, a homogeneidade das condições dos teores de água encontrada no momento do... / The successful deployment and digging peanut depends on the soil condition, the mechanized systems and the quality of agricultural operations indexes. The quality of seeding is essential to obtain adequate plant population seeking high yields and in the digging should be done in the best possible conditions to prevent the pods losses. Furthermore, the use of automatic routing technology has been used for the purpose of improving alignment and efficiency of operations. In this work three studies were carried out to evaluate the quality of sowing (first study) and digging (second study) peanut mechanized in three different textural classes of soils (Sandy, Clayey and Silty) and water content conditions that they were, beyond comparison of operations carried out using the autopilot or manually operated (third study). The experiments were performed in locations of São Paulo, Brazil, in a completely randomized design, arranged in bands, and used statistical process control to evaluate the quality of operations. In the first study the highest quality obtained for seeding density and normal spacing gave the soil of Clay textural class an initial stand of seedlings and more homogeneous as expected. The Sandy had only their quality affected by greater variability obtained due to water soil conditions at planting. Already Silty textural class, except the density and sowing depth that is unique of machine performance, obtained lower quality than other soil types due to harmful conditions on the soil water content and rainfall. In the second study, the homogeneity of the conditions of the water contents found at the time of digging on Silty textural class of soil resulted in lower losses and process variation, resulting in a higher quality. The Clay textural class had lower quality that soil Silty for only differences in variability, but not disqualified. The Sandy showed soil water content and pods out of the ideals and stipulated standards ...

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani / Coorientador: Rouverson Pereira da Silva / Banca: Jorge Wilson Cortez / Banca: Murilo Mesquita Baesso / Banca: Danilo César Checchio Grotta / Banca: David Luciano Rosalen / Resumo: O êxito da implantação e do arranquio de amendoim depende da condição dos solos, dos sistemas mecanizados e dos índices de qualidade das operações agrícolas. A qualidade da semeadura é imprescindível para se obter uma população adequada de plantas visando altas produtividades e o arranquio deve ser realizado nas melhores condições possíveis para se evitar as perdas de vagens. Além disso, a utilização da tecnologia de direcionamento automático tem sido utilizada com a finalidade de melhorar o paralelismo e eficiência das operações. Neste trabalho foram realizados três estudos que tiveram como objetivos avaliar a qualidade da semeadura (primeiro estudo) e do arranquio (segundo estudo) mecanizados de amendoim em três solos de classes texturais distintas (arenosa, média e argilosa) e as condições de teor de água que os mesmos se encontravam, além da comparação das operações realizadas com o uso do piloto automático ou operadas manualmente (terceiro estudo). Os experimentos foram realizados em localidades do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, dispostos em faixas, e utilizado o controle estatístico de processos para avaliar a qualidade das operações. No primeiro estudo a maior qualidade obtida para densidade de semeadura e espaçamentos normais conferiu ao solo da classe textural Argilosa um estande inicial de plântulas mais homogêneo e dentro do esperado. A Arenosa somente teve sua qualidade afetada pela maior variabilidade obtida devido às condições hídricas do solo no momento da semeadura. Já a classe textural Média, com exceção à densidade e profundidade de semeadura que é exclusivo do desempenho da máquina, obteve qualidade inferior aos demais tipos de solo devido às condições prejudiciais quanto ao teor de água do solo e às precipitações pluviais. No segundo estudo, a homogeneidade das condições dos teores de água encontrada no momento do... / Abstract: The successful deployment and digging peanut depends on the soil condition, the mechanized systems and the quality of agricultural operations indexes. The quality of seeding is essential to obtain adequate plant population seeking high yields and in the digging should be done in the best possible conditions to prevent the pods losses. Furthermore, the use of automatic routing technology has been used for the purpose of improving alignment and efficiency of operations. In this work three studies were carried out to evaluate the quality of sowing (first study) and digging (second study) peanut mechanized in three different textural classes of soils (Sandy, Clayey and Silty) and water content conditions that they were, beyond comparison of operations carried out using the autopilot or manually operated (third study). The experiments were performed in locations of São Paulo, Brazil, in a completely randomized design, arranged in bands, and used statistical process control to evaluate the quality of operations. In the first study the highest quality obtained for seeding density and normal spacing gave the soil of Clay textural class an initial stand of seedlings and more homogeneous as expected. The Sandy had only their quality affected by greater variability obtained due to water soil conditions at planting. Already Silty textural class, except the density and sowing depth that is unique of machine performance, obtained lower quality than other soil types due to harmful conditions on the soil water content and rainfall. In the second study, the homogeneity of the conditions of the water contents found at the time of digging on Silty textural class of soil resulted in lower losses and process variation, resulting in a higher quality. The Clay textural class had lower quality that soil Silty for only differences in variability, but not disqualified. The Sandy showed soil water content and pods out of the ideals and stipulated standards ... / Doutor

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani / Coorientador: Carlos Alessandro Chioderoli / Banca: Alberto Carvalho Filho / Banca: Adilson José Rocha Mello / Resumo: Realizar mecanicamente a semeadura de soja na população adequada com distribuição de sementes na linha de semeadura de modo eficiente e colhê-la também mecanicamente reduzindo as perdas e quebras dos grãos, ambos são fatores importantes nos processos mecanizados desta cultura para garantir alta produtividade. Pressupondo-se que os processos de semeadura e colheita da soja possam influenciar os indicadores de qualidade destas operações agrícolas mecanizadas, conduziu-se o presente trabalho na área experimental do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola da UNESP/Jaboticabal, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da semeadura e da colheita desta oleaginosa por meio do controle estatístico de processo. A operação de semeadura foi realizada função de três velocidades de avanço (4,7; 6,0 e 9,0 km h-1), com duas populações de plantas (400 e 533 mil plantas ha-1), avaliando-se a força e potência necessárias para o processo, a distribuição longitudinal de plantas na linha de semeadura e as características agronômicas da cultura. Na colheita mecanizada da soja usando ferramentas de controle estatístico, foram avaliadas as perdas quantitativas e a qualidade operacional da colheita. Utilizando os critérios de controle de qualidade a área amostrada constou de 30 pontos especializados, equidistantes em 40 metros, selecionados sequencialmente a partir do início da colheita. Em cada ponto foi determinado altura de corte; umidade dos grãos na colheita; perdas na plataforma, nos mecanismos internos, na deficiência da altura de corte e totais; porcentagem de grãos inteiros e quebrados no graneleiro, na plataforma e no sistema de trilha e limpeza. Os resultados demonstraram que a maior velocidade de semeadura resultou em uma maior demanda de potência média e pico além de menor porcentagem de espaçamentos normais entre plantas. A produtividade de grãos foi maior na população inicialmente desejada de 533.333... / Abstract: Mechanically perform the soybean seeding in the appropriate population distribution of seeds in efficiently seeding line and harvest it mechanically also reducing losses and grains breaks, both are important factors in the mechanized processes of this culture to ensure high productivity. Assuming that the seeding and harvest process of soybean may influence the quality indicators of these mechanized agricultural operations, was conducted this study in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Agricultural Machines and Mechanization of UNESP/Jaboticabal, in order to assess the quality of seeding and harvest of this oilseed through statistical process control. Seeding operation was performed three forward speeds function (4.7, 6.0 and 9.0 km h-1), two populations of plants (400 and 533 thousand plants ha-1), evaluating the strength and power necessary for the process, the longitudinal distribution of plants in the seeding line and agronomic characteristics of the crop. In mechanical harvesting of soybeans using statistical control tools, were evaluated the quantitative losses and operational quality of harvest. Using the criteria of quality control, the sampled area consisted of 30 specialized points, equally spaced at 40 meters, selected sequentially from the beginning of harvest. Each point was determined cutting height; grain moisture at harvest; losses on the platform, internal mechanisms, disability of cutting height and total; percentage of whole and broken grain in bulk, in the platform and track system and cleaning. The results demonstrated that the higher seeding rate resulted in a higher average and peak power demand as well as the lowest percentage of normal spacing between plants. The grain yield was higher in the population initially desired to 533,333 plants ha-1 at the speed of 6 km h-1. The lower operating speed provided less tractor power demand as well the best longitudinal distribution of normal spacing. At harvest ... / Mestre

Graduation thesis focuses on warm ? up in a way of running drills, so called ABC running drills. It shortly presents dilemmas of physical load and preparation of human organism by warm ? up on physical load. It continues with zoom in running skills and advances on parts dedicated to concrete running excercises. Particular drills are captured on videorecording with audio commentary and it can be found in attachment. The ending is created by possibilities a suggestions for implementation of these drills in educational practice.

Orientador: Olivio Novaski / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T21:16:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_CarlosAntonioMeyer_M.pdf: 3781718 bytes, checksum: b99e44e483629bd4188c06722f7681ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar o desempenho de duas diferentes geometrias de brocas de metal duro sem cobertura, com canal reto e refrigeração interna, na furação de ferro fundido cinzento. As geometrias avaliadas nos experimentos foram a geometria de ponta normalizada (normal) e uma geometria desenvolvida chamada de geometria de ponta esférica. A avaliação do desempenho foi feita com testes de vida realizados na linha de produção de blocos de motores, em que, além da vida, foram monitoradas a circularidade, a cilindricidade e o diâmetro dos furos. Os testes foram divididos em três partes, em que foi possível verificar a evolução do desgaste da aresta de corte da broca, da circularidade, da cilindricidade e dos diâmetros dos furos. Inicialmente foi utilizado como critério de fim de vida o tempo do processo original e posteriormente outro critério utilizado foi o desgaste da aresta principal. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a geometria de corte com melhor desempenho foi a geometria proposta, denominada esférica, que mostrou uma redução no custo na produção das peças estudadas, sendo possível esta implementação no processo de furação em ferro fundido cinzento em escala industrial. Na seqüência, utilizando a broca de geometria de ponta esférica foram feitos os mesmos monitoramentos para duas velocidades de corte maiores, sendo que os custos ficaram acima do resultado encontrado com os parâmetros de corte do processo original / Abstract: The aim of this study is to compare the performance of two different geometries of uncoated carbide drills, with straight flute and internal cooling, in drilling of gray cast iron. The geometries evaluated in the experiments were the standard tip geometry and a developed geometry called spherical tip geometry. The performance evaluation was done with life tests performed an engine blocks production line, for which, beyond tool life, measures were made for circularity, cylindricity and diameter of the holes. The tests were divided on three parts, where it was possible to check the wearing progress of the cutting edge of the drill, the circularity, cylindricity and diameter of the holes. Initially the original process time was used as end of life criteria and after the criterion of main edge wearing was used. The results showed that the cutting geometry with better performance was the one proposed, called spherical, which produced a reduction in the cost of manufactured parts, making possible the implementation of this process of drilling cast iron on an industrial scale. Subsequently, using the spherical tip drill geometry the same measures were made at two higher cutting speeds, and these last costs were higher than results found with the cutting parameters of the original process / Mestrado / Manufatura / Mestre em Engenharia Automobilistica

D.Ing. / The research described in this thesis is an investigation into fundamental aspects of the mechanical excavation of hard rock using free rolling cutters, currently being undertaken at the Chamber of Mines of South Africa Research Organization. The motivation for undertaking this study was provided by the need to improve the effectiveness and operational efficiency of this type of tool with regards to its application in the South African gold mining industry. Earlier work has shown that the use of high-pressure water jets enhances the performance of mechanical cutting in hard rock. To assess the potential of this approach for use in conjunction with free rolling cutters, a series of laboratory tests was conducted using both disc and button type cutters, to determine the relative effects, on cutter performance, of variations in the relevant jet and cutting parameters. The parameters investigated were jet pressure, jet configuration, depth and spacing of cuts and cutting speed. Jets of diameter 1,2 mm were used singly and in combination of 2 and 4 jets at pressures in the range of 5 MPa to 40 MPa which gave flow rates of up to 0,3 lis per jet. Cut spacing, cut depth and cutting speed were varied between 15 mm and 90 mm, 2 mm and 6 mm, and 0,1 mls and 1,0 mls respectively. Tests were carried out on a linear rock cutting machine, purpose built according to specifications prepared from measurements made during underground field trials, which gave it the ability to test full-scale cutters under loading conditions representative of those found in the field. All the tests carried out were performed in the constant penetration, multiple pass (groove deepening) cutting mode, using dressed (smooth) and pre-conditioned (pre-roughened) rock surfaces.

Vibrating machinery like rock drills and compactors are becoming more prominent in modem industry. The vibrations of these machines can damage surrounding structures and foundations and be harmful to their operators. Hand arm vibration syndrome is one example of serious injuries suffered by operators of these machines. Due to the fact that these machines need to vibrate, vibration absorbers that minimise the vibrations of the machines cannot be used. In such cases vibration isolators are necessary to isolate the vibration between the vibrating machine and other bodies like the handle or foundations. A tuned vibration isolator is a type of isolator that is able to isolate a certain frequency very effectively. These isolators can retain low mass and high stiffness compared to traditional isolators and can obtain complete isolation at the isolation frequency if no damping is present. The liquid inertia vibration eliminator (LIVE) is such a tuned vibration isolator that makes use of hydraulic amplification, which result in a very compact design. A LIVE isolator was designed incorporating the variable stiffness spring and a variable damping mechanism. Equations for the damped natural and isolation frequency of the LIVE isolator were also derived. The reason for changing the stiffness was to be able to adjust the isolation frequency of the isolator to coincide with the excitation frequency that resulted in a more effective isolator. The variable stiffness spring consisted of two leaf springs mounted on top of each other and separated at the centre to stiffen the whole spring assembly. The leaf springs were separated by a wax actuator that was controlled with a closed loop displacement control system to form a smart actuator. A stiffness change of 2.7 times the original stiffness was obtained by separating the springs. The variable damping mechanism was to be able to control the amount of amplification of noise at the natural frequency. An experimental isolator was built and tested and resulted in a tunable vibration isolator. The isolation frequency of the isolator could be shifted from 22.8 Hz to 36.2 Hz and a transmissibility of 10% was achieved over that whole range. The variable damping mechanism increased the viscous damping ratio from 0.001 to 0.033. A control system was designed and implemented that tuned the isolator automatically to the excitation conditions. It incorporated an optimisation algorithm to determine the optimum settings and then kept the isolator at that setting until the excitation conditions change. The whole process was then repeated. A tunable vibration isolator was therefore successfully developed that can be used to isolate tonal vibrations very effectively. The isolation frequency and damping of the isolator can be changed while in operation and a transmissibility of 10% can be achieved at the isolation frequency. / Thesis (M Eng (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted