The empirical literature and government reports alike indicate methamphetamine poses a great threat to the United States in areas such as crime. However, the current scholarship on drug crime has limited information on issues related to methamphetamine crime. To date, previous works on drug crime have yet to systemically examine the impacts of drug seizure amounts related to drug enforcement actions on methamphetamine crime. Further, we do not know whether the findings of earlier works extend and apply to methamphetamine crime. The present study, built on these earlier studies, proposes to examine the impacts of two different types of methamphetamine seizure incidents, small-scale seizures, which are most likely associated with street-level methamphetamine enforcement actions (i.e., arrests and citations), and large-scale seizure incidents, which are most likely associated with high-level methamphetamine enforcement actions (i.e., preplanned enforcement actions such as raids and long-term narcotics investigations), in and around target locations on later street-level methamphetamine crime incidents in the target location. In other words, the main objective of this study is to measure the spatiotemporal spillover impacts of large-scale and small-scale methamphetamine seizure incidents. Methamphetamine crime incident and seizure data, covering January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2020, was obtained from the Automated Regional Justice Information System (ARJIS), a division of the San Diego Association of Governments. A two-way fixed-effects (2WFE) spatial lag of X (SLX) model was used to test the aforementioned research questions. Nearby areas based on the target location were defined using first- and second-order queen contiguity method. Larger size nearby target locations were defined by combining areas generated by these two queen contiguity methods. The theories of deterrence, spatial diffusion of benefits, and spatial displacement were applied to explain the spatiotemporal dynamics connecting methamphetamine seizure amounts to later street-level methamphetamine crime incidents. Broadly, the results of regression analysis found possible spatial displacement of methamphetamine crime associated with small-scale seizure incidents while spatial diffusion of benefits was associated with large-scale seizure incidents. The impact sizes and statistical significance of these methamphetamine seizure incidents were dependent on space-time combination. The findings have theoretical, practical, and policy implications for both drug crime researchers and policing practitioners concerned with understanding and suppressing methamphetamine crime. / Criminal Justice

On July 1, 1994, Taiwan¡¦s Executive Yuan ratified and determined the Ministry of Justice would dispatch personnel from drug enforcement related units and the Taiwanese High Prosecutor¡¦s Office would establish a ¡§Drug Enforcement Unit.¡¨ Each District Prosecutor¡¦s Office established an ¡§executive drug enforcement unit¡¨ and attempts were made to resolve problems arising from drug enforcement units being subsumed under different units. However, at present drug enforcement still suffers from the problem of various actors vying for jurisdiction over various matters related to drug enforcement. In addition, no national database for drug enforcement, has, as yet, been established, making it more difficult to solve drug related criminal cases. The drug related units of various government organs lack horizontal lines of communication, thus leading to wasted cooperative resources when dealing with international organs. That is why a study of drug enforcement responsible authorities has been an important and pressing issue. This thesis will discuss cross-national drug enforcement institutions in the United States based on exploring their social, political, economic background, to consider the provisions of international drug trends, and reference to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration of manpower, budget , training and other mechanisms so on, and provide future scholars and explore the practical possibility of development of anti-drug system. It will be expected to let our drug enforcement work more effective and reduce the spread of drugs in our country by researching U.S. law enforcement cooperation model.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:48:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Villela.pdf: 3448775 bytes, checksum: 4cf0421d8b3bceabd847b6169a352557 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Drug trafficking is a new subject in the discipline of International Relations and it has gained substantial highlight in the international security agenda since the 1990s. The end of the Cold War and the resulting political, economic and technological changes influenced on the growth of transnational organized crime and on the change of perception upon it. In this scenario, the issue of drugs is treated politically as a threat to the international system, national states and individuals. The notion of "war on drugs" was not only incorporated in the global prohibition regime on drugs, but has also guided the US presence on Latin America during the 1990s. The Brazilian attitude toward the drug problem has changed significantly in the 1990s, when a series of legislative and institutional apparatuses were developed in order to combat drug trafficking, based on the identification of threats associated with that crime. The Brazilian international insertion strategy during the 1990s was followed by the recognition of the security issues internationally defined by the global prohibition regime of on drugs, consolidated by multilateral organizations, as well as the "drug war" waged by the United States on America Latina. This research objective is to identify whether and how Brazil has incorporated the internationally established ideas and policies on drugs throughout the 1990s, identifying political actors and their decisions, as well as evaluating the alignment of concepts and political practices domestically adopted in relations to the international guidelines, based on the institutional and legislative model adopted during the 1990s / O tráfico de drogas é um tema novo na disciplina das Relações Internacionais e vem ganhando destaque na agenda de segurança internacional desde a década de 1990. O fim da Guerra Fria e as decorrentes transformações políticas, econômicas e tecnológicas influenciaram no crescimento da criminalidade organizada transnacional, assim como na mudança de percepção que se tinha sobre ela. Neste cenário, o tema das drogas passou a ser tratado politicamente como uma ameaça ao sistema internacional, aos estados nacionais e aos indivíduos. A noção de guerra às drogas foi incorporada pelo regime de proibição global das drogas das Nações Unidas e das demais organizações multilaterais. Ela também pautou a presença norte-americana sobre a América Latina a partir deste período. A postura do Brasil com relação ao tema das drogas mudou significantemente nos anos 1990, quando uma série de aparatos legislativos e institucionais foram estabelecidos com o objetivo de combater o tráfico de drogas, a partir da identificação das ameaças associadas a este crime. A inserção internacional do Brasil neste período foi marcada pelo reconhecimento de questões de segurança que vinham sendo definidas internacionalmente por meio do regime de proibição global das drogas consolidado pelos organismos multilaterais, assim como pela guerra às drogas empreendida pelos Estados Unidos sobre a América Latina. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se e como o Brasil incorporou as ideias e políticas estabelecidas internacionalmente ao longo da década de 1990, identificando atores estatais e suas decisões, assim como avaliando o alinhamento das concepções e práticas políticas adotadas domesticamente às diretrizes internacionais com base no modelo institucional e legislativo adotado neste período

The undertreatment of chronic pain and the prevention of drug abuse and diversion of pain medications (i.e., opioids) have been identified as public health issues in the United States. In this domain, the Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.) faces challenges when enforcing the Controlled Substance Act because it is tasked with regulating the dispensing of opioids by physicians in the treatment of chronic pain, while also attempting to prevent their abuse and diversion. Thus, the D.E.A. must use discretion in how it enforces the C.S.A. because intentional actions to prevent opioid abuse and diversion could also unintentionally affect the willingness of primary care physicians to prescribe them in the treatment of chronic pain. As an initial step in clarifying the boundaries between the D.E.A. and the medical profession, it was necessary to assess physician perceptions about the D.E.A. 's use of enforcement discretion. A total of 205 Oregon primary care physicians completed a web-based survey examining three domains: concern about D.E.A. enforcement discretion; autonomy related to use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain; and prescribing of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. Results indicated that some physicians perceive a concern about D.E.A. enforcement discretion, and those who have concern are more likely to perceive having reduced autonomy related to the use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. The results do not support previous research that showed that such concerns directly affects physician prescribing of opioids. Instead, results reveal that concern about D.E.A. enforcement discretion is associated with reduced perceived autonomy, and reduced perceived autonomy is associated with less willingness to prescribe opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. This research takes the study on this topic one step further in identifying physician perceptions about D.E.A. enforcement discretion, and how these perceptions were associated with physician autonomy and prescribing of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. In doing so, this research provides important scholarly contributions to the enforcement discretion literature, specific to the D.E.A., and medical professionalism as it pertains to physician autonomy related to the use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain.

Text in English / The organized and sophisticated way in which criminal targets conduct the crime of drug trafficking, necessitates the use of undercover agents in undercover drug trafficking criminal investigations. The goal of this research was to determine how agents should be recruited and managed for undercover drug trafficking criminal investigations. The correct recruitment and management processes when dealing with agents in undercover drug trafficking criminal investigations, which enable investigators to follow a logical sequence, was explored by the researcher. The entire recruitment process of agents in undercover drug trafficking criminal investigations was discussed, from studying the criminal target, identification of a suitable agent and then the recruitment process itself. Legal aspects and administrative processes to be utilized to manage agents were discussed. The researcher utilized national and international literature sources to gather new and current information on the recruitment of agents in undercover drug trafficking investigations. Interviews were conducted with retired and experienced former South African Police Service (SAPS) officials who managed and recruited agents during their employment in the SAPS. The general purpose of this research was to provide practical recommendations on the best practices for the recruitment and management of agents in undercover drug trafficking criminal investigations. / Police Practice / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)