The controversy surrounding the use of LSD as an adjunct to psychotherapy for alcoholics in Saskatchewan has not been explored by social or medical historians. From 1950 to 1967, Saskatchewan psychiatrists developed new treatments for chronic alcoholism by using LSD on themselves, on volunteers and finally on patients. Despite early success and praise, the use of LSD in psychotherapy was later condemned by the media, the general public, the medical profession and eventually the federal government and was discontinued after being banned in 1967. The reasons for the ban were far-reaching and diverse. LSD was exploited by the counter-culture for "kicks" and was later abandoned by pharmaceutical companies because of the negative reputation lay-professionals and the media had bestowed upon its therapeutic use. As it turned out, legitimate LSD research became too clouded in controversy to survive the 1960s as researchers failed to convince the masses that the drug did not pose a threat to the well-being of society. In many respects, the LSD controversy can be seen as more of a moral panic than a scientific debate. Nevertheless, the LSD controversy provides a unique and much needed look into the history of medicine from a social perspective, illustrating that social values often have more impact on medical research than empirical validity. As recent evidence suggests, the psychotherapeutic potential of LSD -- as developed by Saskatchewan psychiatrists -- has not been forgotten. Indeed, a renewal of interest in LSD research has surfaced in several U.S. states as American psychiatrists are discovering, once again, that LSD can be a valuable psychiatric research tool.

The controversy surrounding the use of LSD as an adjunct to psychotherapy for alcoholics in Saskatchewan has not been explored by social or medical historians. From 1950 to 1967, Saskatchewan psychiatrists developed new treatments for chronic alcoholism by using LSD on themselves, on volunteers and finally on patients. Despite early success and praise, the use of LSD in psychotherapy was later condemned by the media, the general public, the medical profession and eventually the federal government and was discontinued after being banned in 1967. The reasons for the ban were far-reaching and diverse. LSD was exploited by the counter-culture for "kicks" and was later abandoned by pharmaceutical companies because of the negative reputation lay-professionals and the media had bestowed upon its therapeutic use. As it turned out, legitimate LSD research became too clouded in controversy to survive the 1960s as researchers failed to convince the masses that the drug did not pose a threat to the well-being of society. In many respects, the LSD controversy can be seen as more of a moral panic than a scientific debate. Nevertheless, the LSD controversy provides a unique and much needed look into the history of medicine from a social perspective, illustrating that social values often have more impact on medical research than empirical validity. As recent evidence suggests, the psychotherapeutic potential of LSD -- as developed by Saskatchewan psychiatrists -- has not been forgotten. Indeed, a renewal of interest in LSD research has surfaced in several U.S. states as American psychiatrists are discovering, once again, that LSD can be a valuable psychiatric research tool. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of the study was to describe factors contributing to mortality among HIVinfected people on Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) in Botswana. A quantitative, explorative, descriptive study was used and 80 records of deceased IPT respondents were reviewed through the use of a checklist. The demographic factors, baseline physical examination, hospitalisation and drug history were taken into consideration. Out of the deceased patients, 75% were female. The major findings showed that 100% (N=80), the most highly indicated causes of death were gastroenteritis (18.75%), cryptococcal meningitis (17.5%) andpneumonia (16.25%). Of the patients (28.75%) who died before completing the six months of IPT. The causes of death were gastroenteritis (21.7%), symptoms and signs of bacterial pneumonia (17.4%), cryptococcal meningitis (13%), Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) (13%), septicaemia (13%), and murder (13%). It has been recommended that there should be reorganisation of services of care for HIV-infected persons, such as provision of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Therapy (CPT) and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) to ensure holistic approach care. The future study should include HIV-infected children on IPT using the same or modified objectives. The conclusion drawn was that disintegrated interventions of IPT, CPT and ART and lack of holistic care for PLHIV lead to opportunistic infections that caused mortality on patients on IPT. / Department of Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The purpose of the study was to describe factors contributing to mortality among HIVinfected people on Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) in Botswana. A quantitative, explorative, descriptive study was used and 80 records of deceased IPT respondents were reviewed through the use of a checklist. The demographic factors, baseline physical examination, hospitalisation and drug history were taken into consideration. Out of the deceased patients, 75% were female. The major findings showed that 100% (N=80), the most highly indicated causes of death were gastroenteritis (18.75%), cryptococcal meningitis (17.5%) andpneumonia (16.25%). Of the patients (28.75%) who died before completing the six months of IPT. The causes of death were gastroenteritis (21.7%), symptoms and signs of bacterial pneumonia (17.4%), cryptococcal meningitis (13%), Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) (13%), septicaemia (13%), and murder (13%). It has been recommended that there should be reorganisation of services of care for HIV-infected persons, such as provision of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Therapy (CPT) and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) to ensure holistic approach care. The future study should include HIV-infected children on IPT using the same or modified objectives. The conclusion drawn was that disintegrated interventions of IPT, CPT and ART and lack of holistic care for PLHIV lead to opportunistic infections that caused mortality on patients on IPT. / Department of Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)