This is a thesis on drug use among Indian high school pupils in the Durban municipal area. This study was undertaken because of the high incidence of drug use reported among Indian youth, and because of the paucity of factual information and research on the subject, in South Africa. The objectives of this investigation were to obtain scientific and objective information on the dynamics and causal factors associated with the use of drugs. The findings were compared to those of existing studies. The sample comprised of 128 drug users and 128 non-users, selected from ten Indian secondary schools in the Durban municipal area. The data from drug-users and non-users was obtained through the use of a confidential questionnaire. School guidance counsellors assisted with the administration and distribution of the questionnaires. In this investigation the researcher compared the biographical details of both drug users and non-users. It was concluded that drug users and non-users came from divergent socio-economic backgrounds, although drug users tended to be more represented among the lower socio-economic group. In this investigation it was established that male pupils showed more preference for the use of drugs than female pupils, and the average age of the drug users appeared to be between 15-17 years. Although unfavourable family background was slightly more prevalent among the drug users, they did not account completely for significantly more drug use, since non-users who suffered from the same plight of unfavourable home background, did not resort to the use of drugs. Drugs that were most commonly used by respondents in this survey included dagga, inhalants, Mandrax and codeine. It also appeared that the influence of the peer group contributed significantly to most of the pupils initiation into drug use. It was also reported that most of the drug users indicated that they had received some information on the negative aspects of drug-taking from teachers, parents and law enforcement officials, however, some of the pupils felt that the information they received, did not really influence their behaviour and attitudes to drugs. It is hoped that the findings of the present study will be of benefit to all concerned individuals, and that it will stimulate greater awareness and responsiveness to the problem of drug use, and the inherent problems with regard to the management thereof. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, Durban, 1990.

The degree paper deals with the issues of juvenile delinquency and the factors which have impact on the origination of the juvenile delinquency. I have chosen this topic since it is a very serious problem and this phenomenon has been proliferating significantly. The crime in general, especially the juvenile delinquency, is a serious social-pathological phenomenon. Minors who do not reach the limit of criminal liability often became the offenders. In addition, the probability of threatening a young man by social pathological phenomena and his subsequent ``criminal career{\crqq} is currently much higher than ever before. To recognize the occurrence of risk factors among the youth in time it is necessary for the families, teachers, educators and all professionals working with the juveniles to acquire sufficient knowledge, information and experience and be able to work with the factors and fight against them in time. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the term ``youth{\crqq}, the personality of a young delinquent, structure of the juvenile delinquency, analyses of the risk factors which most frequently participate in the occurrence of juvenile delinquency, and outlines the possibilities of intervention against the juvenile delinquency and various kinds of prevention. The research is focused on the occurrence of risk factors among the young respondents and on protective factors and attitudes of the respondents in respect of the juvenile delinquency and the crime at all. Structured interviews were held with the youth which are placed in the reformatory or special correctional institutions in the territory of the Regional of Plzeň. The main objective of the degree paper is to describe the factors which significantly affect the occurrence of the juvenile delinquency and to map the occurrence and impact of such factors on the juveniles placed in the correctional and reformatory social retraining institutions in the Region of Plzeň. Hypothesis No. 1 is: The youth commit property crimes at the most. Hypothesis No. 2: The youth behave improperly namely when in groups. Hypothesis No. 3: The decisive factor affecting the juvenile delinquency is the family. I think that the objectives of the degree paper were fulfilled. Hypothesis No. 1 was confirmed. The respondents mostly stated that they were adjudicated treatment in special reformatory institution due to property crimes. Hypothesis No. 2 was also confirmed. The replies of the respondents mostly contained the possibility that they committed crime within a gang. Hypothesis No. 3 was confirmed, too: Analyses of the research proves that all factors participating in the occurrence of the juvenile delinquency are penetrated with the impact of the family and family environment on the juveniles. Results of the performed research will be used for further education of the students at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, as well as for the students of other auxiliary professions at other universities. The results will be further used as the source of information for parents and pedagogical professionals working with the youth and as source materials for seminars about the given topic.

The subjects of ‘youth’, ‘substance use’ and ‘homelessness’ are interconnected, but only a relatively small number of studies have examined the relationships between all three components. Literature highlights how homeless substance users are constructed as ‘vulnerable’ – yet ‘deviant’. Furthermore, academics have examined how people manage the ascribed identities of ‘substance user’ and ‘homeless’ as well as that of ‘youth’. According to sociologists, people’s self-identities and actions develop as a consequence of interactions with their socio-spatial worlds. Therefore, it is useful to contextualise the act of substance use within these complex interactions. This thesis explores the meanings and contexts of young, homeless people’s substance use. Data were obtained through an ethnographic study conducted in a homeless hostel over a seven month period in 2013 in which twenty-two young people (aged 16-21) and twenty-seven staff members participated. The majority of data were derived from participant-observation encompassing 200-250 informal interactions with the young people and 100-120 interactions with staff along with observations of people’s actions and descriptions of events and appearances. The field-notes were supplemented by four semi-structured interviews and a focus group, involving a total of eleven young people. Drawing on theories underpinned by symbolic interactionist and phenomenological philosophies, three overarching dimensions of the young people’s experiences were identified as important to their substance use and wider lives. First, the young people engaged in ‘place-making’ actions (including substance use) to personalise spaces within the tightly controlled environment of the hostel. Secondly, substance use was interwoven with the relationships that the young people held with their families, friends and the staff. The ‘pro-drug’ voices of their friends and relatives were arguably stronger than the ‘anti-drug’ voices of the staff. Thirdly, the categories of ‘youth’ and ‘substance user’ were recognised by the participants as pertaining to them, whereas the ‘homeless’ label was relatively meaningless. The thesis concludes that to understand people’s substance use experiences, it is important to consider the socio-spatial contexts within which they are located, particularly when these are temporary.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-17T11:55:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Cristina Trigo de Aguiar.pdf: 1065587 bytes, checksum: 54a9a19e0761c4a12843f16bda3ead9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T11:55:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Cristina Trigo de Aguiar.pdf: 1065587 bytes, checksum: 54a9a19e0761c4a12843f16bda3ead9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-08 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research seeks to problematize the productions of truth concerning the crimes committed against the lives of young people. It focuses at the discursive web on the means to make public a slaughter that took place on April 16, 2014, in the Sete Jovens Square, in Brasilândia, São Paulo. The name of the Square is a tribute to seven young people who were the victims of another massacre in 2007, in the same region. The research was based on Foucault's discussion of regimes of truth and the perspective of oral history, which privileges the issue of memory as a process of meaning creation. We conducted interviews and ethnographic experiments in the region, especially around the Square. The Square was built as the result of an ancient struggle by the region's residents in order to guarantee a leisure place. However, the disputes over its occupation show the historically constructed intersection between dangerousness, race and poverty, as well as the expansion of controls on the poor population and their circulation in public spaces, through projects that articulate "security and citizenship" and control in open air. The preferred targets of this control are children and young people, especially the black youth. Making the massacre public is a memory production job confronting what Foucault called state racism that separates those who must live from those who must die / Esta pesquisa busca problematizar as produções de verdade nos crimes cometidos contra a vida de jovens, tendo como foco a trama discursiva em torno de como foi tornar pública uma chacina ocorrida em 16 de abril de 2014, na Praça Sete Jovens, na Brasilândia, em São Paulo. O nome da Praça é uma homenagem a sete jovens atingidos por outra chacina ocorrida em 2007, na mesma região. A pesquisa apoiou-se na discussão de Foucault a respeito dos regimes de verdade e na perspectiva da história oral, que privilegia a questão da memória como processo de criação de sentidos. Realizamos entrevistas e experimentações etnográficas na região, especialmente em torno da Praça. A construção da Praça é consequência de uma luta antiga dos moradores na direção de garantir um espaço para o lazer. Todavia, as disputas pela sua ocupação evidenciam a intersecção historicamente construída entre periculosidade, raça e pobreza, bem como a expansão dos controles sobre a população pobre e sua circulação nos espaços públicos, por meio de projetos que articulam “segurança e cidadania” e realizam o controle a céu aberto. Os alvos preferenciais deste controle são crianças e jovens, especialmente negros. Tornar pública a chacina é um trabalho de produção de memória e de enfrentamento ao que Foucault chamou de racismo de estado que separa os que devem viver e os que devem morrer

The aim of the master´s thesis is to analyze issue of drugs at primary school in Borovany. A survey reasearch was realized there and not only the pupils abut also the teachers were involved. A quantitative research was realized from 24/3 to 28/3 2014 in lessons of civics with cooperation of Headmaster Mgr. Luboš Laczko and teachers of second stage of elementary school. Conclusion of the research is a summary of results. The questionnares shows that the pupils of elementary school in Borovany have varied experience with drugs. The pupils use drugs to liven their ordinary days up.