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Στην παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διατριβή ειδίκευσης αναλύεται η γεωμετρία και κινηματική της πλαστικής παραμόρφωσης στο κάλυμμα κυανοσχιστολίθων της Όχης που εμφανίζεται στην ευρύτερη περιοχή του οικισμού Πλατανιστός, στη Ν. Εύβοια. Στα πλαίσια της διατριβής πραγματοποιήθηκε λεπτομερής γεωλογική - τεκτονική χαρτογράφηση της περιοχής, μεσοσκοπική τεκτονική ανάλυση καθώς και ποιοτική και ποσοτική μικροτεκτονική ανάλυση. Η παραμορφωτική ιστορία του καλύμματος της Όχης περιλαμβάνει πέντε διακριτές φάσεις παραμόρφωσης (D1 - D5). Η παλαιότερη, σύνθετη φάση παραμόρφωσης D1/2, έλαβε χώρα σύγχρονα με τη γλαυκοφανιτικής φάσης μεταμόρφωση των πετρωμάτων κατά το Ηώκαινο και χαρακτηρίζεται από την τοποθέτηση των επιμέρους καλυμμάτων (κάλυμμα Στύρας, κάλυμμα Όχης), με διεύθυνση κινήσεων προς τα ΑΝΑ. Το παραμορφωτικό γεγονός D3 εκφράζεται αποκλειστικά με μεσοσκοπικές και μεγασκοπικές όρθιες, συνήθως ανοικτές, πτυχές με άξονες που διευθύνονται ΑΝΑ – ΔΒΔ. Η D4 φάση αντιπροσωπεύει το κύριο γεγονός πλαστικής παραμόρφωσης. Εκφράζεται από μια ηπίως κλίνουσα φολίωση (S4) και μια γράμμωση (L4) ΑΒΑ/κης διεύθυνσης, οι οποίες ορίζονται από ορυκτά της πρασινοσχιστολιθικής φάσης μεταμόρφωσης. Η τελευταία D5 φάση παραμόρφωσης χαρακτηρίζεται από ημιεύθραυστες - εύθραυστες συνθήκες παραμόρφωσης και το σχηματισμό δύο ομάδων ΒΔ – ΝΑ διευθυνόμενων κανονικών ρηγμάτων με αντίθετες φορές μετατόπισης. Χαρακτηριστικό της κύριας φάσης D4 είναι η διαφοροποίηση στην ανάπτυξη των ιστών σε περιοχές κοντά ή μέσα σε ζώνες διάτμησης, αποτέλεσμα του εντοπισμού της παραμόρφωσης (strain localization). Συστηματική τεκτονική ανάλυση των κινηματικών δεικτών σε ζώνες διάτμησης D4 έδειξαν φορά κίνησης προς τα ΒΑ. Ποιοτική και ποσοτική τεκτονική ανάλυση στη ζώνη διάτμησης του Πλατανιστού έδειξε ότι κατά την παραμόρφωση των πετρωμάτων επικρατούσαν συνθήκες γενικής σύσφιξης έως επίπεδης παραμόρφωσης όπως προκύπτει από την παράμετρο Flinn (k) που λαμβάνει τιμές 1.16 < k < 2.56 στους επιμηκυμένους και 1.2 < k < 3.68 στους ανακρυσταλλωμένους κόκκους χαλαζία. Το συμπέρασμα αυτό ενισχύεται από τα διαγράμματα των κρυσταλλογραφικών [c]-αξόνων του χαλαζία που εμπίπτουν στο πεδίο της γενικής σύσφιξης. Επίσης, από τον υπολογισμό του 2D και 3D ποσού της παραμόρφωσης όπου προέκυψαν τιμές 8.05 < RXZ < 10.8 και 1.49 < ες < 1.70 με βάση τους επιμηκυμένους και 2.4 < RXZ < 3.15 και 0.62 < ες < 0.81 με βάση τους ανακρυσταλλωμένους κόκκους χαλαζία, συμπεραίνεται ότι το ποσό της παραμόρφωσης είναι εμφανώς μικρότερο όταν υπολογίζεται για ανακρυσταλλωμένους κόκκους από όταν υπολογίζεται για επιμηκυμένους κόκκους χαλαζία. Τέλος, με την εφαρμογή τριών μεθόδων (RXZ/β, RXZ/δ και δ/β) υπολογίστηκε ο κινηματικός αριθμός της στροβίλισης Wm ο οποίος λαμβάνει τιμές από 0.60 έως 0.99 φανερώνοντας ότι η ζώνη του Πλατανιστού είναι μία ζώνη στην οποία κυριαρχεί η απλή διάτμηση με μικρή συμμετοχή του παράγοντα καθαρής διάτμησης. / Τhis MSc thesis deals with the geometric and kinematic analysis of the ductile deformation in the (CBU) Cycladic Blueschist Nappe (Mt Ochi), which crops out in the vicinity of Platanistos village in south Evia island. As part of the research, detailed geological-structural mapping of the area was combined with mesoscopic structural analysis, as well qualitative and quantitative microtectonic analysis. The deformation history of the Cycladic Blueschist Nappe in the study area includes five distinct deformation phases (D1-D5). The oldest composite D1/2 deformation phase recorded in the study area took place simultaneous with the Eocene blueschist phase metamorphism. This D1/2 phase is characterized by structures that are related with ESE-directed thrusting and the emplacement of the individual units that constitute CBU (Styra and Ochi nappe). The D3 deformation event includes mesoscopic to map-scale upright, usually open, folds with ESE-WNW trending axes. D4 is the dominant phase of ductile deformation and is represented by a gently dipping foliation (S4) and an ENE-trending stretching lineation (L4). D4 fabrics are defined by the shape preferred orientation of minerals (e.g. actinolite) that are stable in the greenschist phase conditions. The latest D5 deformation event took place in semi-brittle - brittle deformation conditions and was characterized by the formation of two sets of NW-SE striking normal faults with opposite displacement directions. The main characteristic of D4 phase is the differentiation in the development of the planar S4 fabric, as a result of localization of D4 deformation (strain localization) in regions close to or into ductile shear zones. Kinematic analysis of D4 deformation was performed in ductile D4 shear zones and showed a top-to-the ENE sense of shear. Qualitative and quantitative analysis on the shear zone of Platanistos revealed that D4 deformation took place under general constriction to plane strain conditions, as shown from the Flinn parameter (k) values obtained from the elongated (1.16<k<2.56) and the recrystallized (1.2<k<3.68) quartz grains. This conclusion is further supported by quartz [c]-axis fabric diagrams, which also show types formed in general constriction. Furthermore, from the 2D and 3D strain analysis yielded values 8.05 < RXZ < 10.8 and 1.49 < ες < 1.70 by measuring the shape of elongated quartz grains and values 2.4 < RXZ < 3.15 and 0.62 < ες < 0.81 by measuring recrystallized quartz grains. Finally, three methods (RXZ/β, RXZ/δ and δ/β) were applied in order to calculate the kinematic vorticity number, Wm, which takes values from 0.60 to 0.99, revealing that Platanistos shear zone is a zone dominated by simple shearing with little contribution of pure shear component.

The Grängesberg Mining District (GMD) is located in the western part of the Bergslagen province in south central Sweden, and is the only known apatite-iron oxide mineralization south of Norrbotten. The Grängesberg deposit is the largest of the mineralizations along GMD and consists of a line of steeply to moderately dipping 20-100 m wide lenses extending to a depth of 1.7 km. It is hosted by felsic volcanic rocks that are phyllosilicate altered in the vicinity of the ore. Field relationships indicate that a competent granitoid was structurally emplaced on top of the ore during D2, and that the less competent phyllosilicate-rich host rocks accommodated large parts of the strain. These D2 structures described from the area around the ore bodies in Grängesberg include stretching lineation at the tapering edges of the lenses, asymmetric folds with opposite vergence along strike, sheath folds and possibly fold interference patterns. These structures are proposed to have formed in response to the competence contrast and the reverse movements on a large scale. The hypothesis is that the competence contrast between the competent ore and granitoid and the less competent host rocks could explain the formation and location of the key D2-structures in Grängesberg. To test the hypothesis, four analogue tectonic models were run in the centrifuge at the Hans Ramberg Tectonic Laboratory (HRTL), Uppsala University. The competent bodies were represented by an acrylic glass wedge with two lenses corresponding to the ore lenses, with an inclination of either 60° or 45° mimicking the approximate dip of the ore. Plasticine was used as the less competent host rocks. On the top surface, circles and squares were printed and used as strain markers. The models were run at c. 300-400 G until penetrative deformation and shortening ranging from 32.5 to 39.2% was reached. During centrifuging, the wedge indented the plasticine, resembling the possible deformation during thrusting of the deep granitoid. The models were then cut to reveal the structures formed, and one model was digitalized using the software Move. After shortening, the strain markers had deformed to show a change in direction of strain around the lenses. Vertical sections perpendicular to the shortening direction showed that stretching lineation developed between the lenses. Horizontal sections revealed asymmetric non-cylindrical folds with opposite vergence along strike and fold interference patterns. These results show that the observed field relationships were reproducible with the model setup, and that the competence contrast between the ore bodies, the granitoid and the host rocks could be the controlling factor for localization of shear and sites of stretching in the area.

Le massif de marbres de Saint-Béat se situe dans la Zone Interne Métamorphique des Pyrénées centrales françaises. Il est formé de sédiments mésozoïques métamorphisés lors de l'événement métamorphique extensif Haute température - Basse pression classiquement décrit dans les Pyrénées. L'objet de cette thèse est de caractériser la déformation ductile et la fracturation qui affectent ce massif, et de déterminer dans quelle mesure les processus responsables de la fracturation peuvent être influencés par l'état de déformation. Les caractéristiques de la déformation des marbres et de ses roches encaissantes seront déterminées essentiellement grâce aux orientations préférentielles des axes de la calcite (marbre) et du quartz (socle paléozoïque), déterminées à l'aide de mesures à l'EBSD. L'observation en lame mince des textures de la calcite permet de quantifier les taux de déformation et d'estimer la température de cette déformation. Combinés aux observations de terrain, ces résultats permettent de proposer un modèle structural retraçant l'évolution du bassin depuis l'extension aptio-albienne jusqu'à son état actuel. La fracturation du massif est ensuite regardée à différentes échelles, depuis la photo aérienne jusqu'à l'affleurement. Quatre zones seront étudiées en détail afin de classifier les fractures par familles de mêmes caractéristiques et de reconstituer localement les paléo-régimes de contraintes. On comparera les tenseurs obtenus avec les régimes tectoniques décrits dans la littérature. Trois faciès légèrement différents de marbre servent de base à une étude visant à discuter de l'état d'anisotropie de la roche. Ainsi, des essais en compression simple, en traction indirecte et des mesures de vitesses acoustiques sont pratiqués sur des carottes orientées réalisées dans ces trois faciès ; leurs résultats donnent accès aux caractéristiques internes de la roche. On comparera et discutera les résultats d'un faciès à l'autre, et au sein du même faciès, d'une orientation à l'autre. Les résultats obtenus sur la fracturation servent de guide à la classification des fractures observées sur les fronts de tirs, lors du creusement du tunnel routier de Saint-Béat, recoupant le massif sur plus d'un kilomètre du Nord au Sud. / The Saint-Béat massif, composed of different marble facies, is part of the Internal Metamorphic Zone of the French Central Pyrenees. It is formed by Mesozoic sediments metamorphosed by the High Temperature – Low Pressure extensional event, classically described in the Pyrenees. The aim of this work is to characterize the deformation and fractured state of the massif, and to understand how the former can constrain the latter. The ductile deformation state is recorded in calcite grains for Mesozoic rocks, or in quartz grains for Paleozoic rocks. Their preferential lattice orientations have been measured with the EBSD method. Calcite texture observations give indications about deformation rates and temperatures. These results, in addition with field observations, allow us to rebuild the structural evolution of the massif, from the Albian extension. Fracturing along the massif is described at different scales. Four outcrops are selected in order to characterize and to classify fractures, and locally reconstruct the paleo stress tensor. The obtained tensors are presented and compared to those already published. Three slightly different marble facies are used to discuss the degree of anisotropy of the rock. Mechanical experiments such as compression tests, tensile tests and velocity measurements of elastic waves are carried out on oriented cores within these three facies. These results provide internal rock characteristics which are discussed and compared for the three facies, and for different orientations of the cores.

A dinâmica evolutiva de margens passivas continentais tem sido alvo de debates no âmbito da tectônica global e a margem leste da América do Sul compõe uma série de bacias marginais que contêm o registro sedimentar de diversos estágios de desenvolvimento da zona costeira após a abertura do Oceano Atlântico. No nordeste do Brasil, evidências de tectônica pós-rifte têm sido apontadas em algumas áreas do embasamento precambriano e bacias sedimentares . Nestas bacias, predomina a ocorrência de depósitos neógenos e quaternários no topo das unidades sedimentares. Estes depósitos têm sua ocorrência estendida para a costa sudeste e norte do Brasil. A área que compreende atualmente a Bacia Paraíba representa a última ponte de ligação das placas sul-americana e africana, portanto é um sítio geológico de fundamental relevância para a discussão da evolução da margem passiva sul-americana. Desta forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral estabelecer um modelo de evolução tectono-sedimentar da Bacia Paraíba do Cretáceo superior ao Quaternário a partir da integração de informações de superfície e subsuperfície. Para atingir este objetivo, foram definidas duas etapas de trabalho. Na primeira etapa, foi criado e aplicado um método que permitiu o mapeamento das unidades neógenas e quaternárias, visto que os mapas disponíveis da região nordeste não apresentam estas unidades discriminadas. Este método combinou dados aerogamaespectrométricos e geomorfométricos, e foi validado por dados de campo. Os procedimentos criados representam uma metodologia inovadora no campo do sensoriamento remoto e geofísica integrada, visto que nenhum trabalho até o momento unificou de forma quantitativa estas técnicas e aplicou para o mapeamento geológico. A metodologia pode ser reproduzida nas demais áreas da costa nordeste com ocorrência de depósitos neógenos e quaternários. Na segunda etapa, a integração do mapa geológico com dados de campo, perfis estratigráficos profundos e imagens de aerogeofísica e sensoriamento remoto, permitiu o estabelecimento de estágios de preenchimento da Bacia Paraíba. Considerando as evidências de contatos laterais abruptos entre unidades cretáceas e cenozoicas, as grandes mudanças de espessura de estratos em curtas distâncias, a correspondência entre os dados morfoestruturais, magnéticos e estruturais de campo, foi possível propor que uma sequência de eventos de subsidência e soerguimentos foi impulsionadora de processos deposicionais e denudacionais nesta bacia. Estes eventos tectônicos não ocorreram somente na fase inicial da separação dos continentes, eles se estenderam até muito depois da separação do Pangea. Os depósitos neógenos e quaternários apresentam estruturas de deformação extensional e compressional compatíveis com o regime regional de esforços extensionais de orientação N-S para o Cenozoico Superior. Estes eventos estão provavelmente associados à reativação de zonas de cisalhamento do embasamento precambriano adjacente durante o Quaternário Superior. Portanto, a Bacia Paraíba apresenta um diverso conjunto de evidências de que a margem passiva da América do Sul, pelo menos no nordeste do Brasil, foi afetada por eventos tectônicos pós-rifte, incompatíveis com o padrão de desenvolvimento de margens passivas continentais. / The evolutionary dynamics of continental passive margins has been the subject of discussion in the global tectonics scope and the eastern South America margin comprises a number of marginal basins containing sedimentary records of several development stages of the coastal zone after the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Evidence of tectonic post-rift in northeastern Brazil has been identified in some areas of Precambrian basement and sedimentary basins. In these basins, it is predominant the occurrence of Neogene and Quaternary deposits on top of the sedimentary units. These deposits have extended occurrence to the southeastern and to the northern coasts of Brazil. The area that nowadays comprises the Paraíba Basin represents the last bridge connecting the South American and African plates, hence it is an essential geological site for discussion concerning the South American passive margin evolution. Thus, the present study has the general objective to establish a model of tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the Paraíba Basin from late Cretaceous to late Quaternary based on integration of surface and subsurface information. To achieve this goal, two work stages of were defined. In the first stage, it was created and applied a method that enabled mapping Neogene and Quaternary units, because the available maps of the northeastern region do not present these units separately. This method has combined airborne gamma-spectrometry and geomorphometric data, and it was validated using field data. The proposed procedures represent an innovative methodology in the branch of integrating remote sensing and geophysical research, since no work has yet quantitatively unified and applied these techniques for geological mapping. The methodology can be replicated in other areas of th e northeastern coast where Neogene and Quaternary deposits also occur. The second step corresponds to the integration of the geological map with field data, deep stratigraphic profiles and images of airborne geophysics and remote sensing, what enabled the establishment of fill stages in the Paraíba Basin. Considering the evidence of abrupt lateral contacts between Cretaceous and Cenozoic units, large changes in strata thickness over short distances, and the correlation between morphostructural, magnetic and structural data, it is possible to propose that a sequence of subsidence and uplift events were driving factors of depositional and denudational processes in this basin. These tectonic events occurred not only in the initial separation stage of the continents, they went on until well after the breakup of Pangea. The Neogene and Quaternary deposits reveal extensional and compressional deformation structures compatible with the regional N-S-oriented extension stress field. These events are probably associated to the reactivation of shear zones of the precambrian basement area during the Late Quaternary. Therefore, the Paraíba Basin presents a diverse set of evidences that the passive South America margin, at least in the northeastern region of Brazil, was affected by post-rift tectonic events incompatible with the development pattern of passive continental margins.

Le manteau lithosphérique subcontinental est exhumé au pied des marges passives distales non-volcaniques en réponse à l’amincissement extrême de la croûte continentale. Ce processus d’amincissement peut être étudié à pied sec sur les témoins de la paléo-marge passive nord Ibérique affleurant aujourd’hui au nord de la chaîne des Pyrénées dans les Chaînons Béarnais (Zone Nord-Pyrénéenne : ZNP). La ZNP résulte de l’inversion de bassins ouverts entre les plaques Ibérique et Europe pendant l’Albo-Cénomanien. Dans les Chaînons Béarnais, la couverture mésozoïque pré-rift est intimement associée aux roches du manteau subcontinental et à de fines lentilles tectoniques de croûte continentale. L’hyper amincissement crustal s’est déroulé dans des conditions thermiques relativement chaudes, comme le montrent les déformations ductiles syn-métamorphiques crétacées affectant la croûte continentale et la couverture mésozoïque allochtone, localement en contact tectonique sur le manteau exhumé. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons des données structurales et géochimiques apportant de nouvelles contraintes pour la connaissance du processus d’amincissement extrême de la croûte continentale et pour la reconstruction de l’évolution de la paléo-marge nord-Ibérique. La couverture pré-rift a été désolidarisée de son socle paléozoïque au niveau des évaporites du Keuper et mise en contact direct avec le manteau pendant son exhumation dans le fond des bassins. Le détachement croûte/manteau est une discontinuité majeure caractérisée par des bandes de cisaillements anastomosées définissant une fabrique lenticulaire (« phacoidal fabric ») d’épaisseur pluri-métrique au sommet du manteau serpentinisé. La croûte continentale se réduit à de minces écailles elles-mêmes anastomosées, séparée par des bandes de cisaillement dans le faciès schistes verts et évoluant vers des cataclasites plus froides. Les analyses par spectrométrie Raman sur la matière carbonée (RSCM) montrent que l’ensemble de la couverture mésozoïque a été soumis à des températures maximales comprises entre 200°C et 480°C. Elle est sujette à d’intenses circulations de fluides. Les interactions fluides/roches ont eu lieu lors de tous les stades de l’extension, depuis les contextes profonds durant la déformation ductile, jusqu’au domaine superficiel durant la déformation cassante. Le détachement manteau/Mésozoïque est marqué par une couche de roches métasomatiques, riches en talc, chlorite et pyrite, mises en place dans les conditions du faciès schistes verts, impliquant en partie des fluides issus de la serpentinisation du manteau. De plus, la géochimie isotopique (O, C, Sr) et les inclusions fluides présentes dans des veines de carbonates des sédiments mésozoïques, témoignent d’une circulation de saumures chaudes (~200°C), à travers toute la couverture sédimentaire pendant l’exhumation du manteau. Ces saumures sont issues de la dissolution des évaporites du Keuper, très rarement conservées dans les Chaînons Béarnais. Nous développons un modèle conceptuel basé sur la géologie des Chaînons Béarnais dans lequel la croûte continentale moyenne est déformée ductilement. Le fonctionnement de détachements contre-régionaux (à pendage vers le continent) est associé à l’individualisation de fines lentilles tectoniques de croûte continentale moyenne qui sont extraites et exhumées avec le manteau dans le fond des bassins albo-cénomaniens, laissant en arrière la croûte continentale supérieure et inférieure. Ces lentilles crustales collées au manteau forment alors une large zone de croûte extrêmement amincie. Des fenêtres ouvertes au sein de cette mince pellicule crustale permettent au manteau de venir en contact direct avec les sédiments pré-rifts (Saraillé, Turon de la Técouère). Des ouvertures au sein de la couverture pré-rift permettent au manteau de venir directement à l’affleurement (Urdach-Les Pernes). / Sub-continental lithospheric mantle rocks are exhumed at the foot of magma-poor distal passive margins as a response to extreme stretching of the continental crust. Remnants of the Northern Iberian paleo-passive margin are now exposed in the Northern Pyrenees in the Chaînons Béarnais (North Pyrenean Zone: NPZ) and represent field analogues to study the processes of continental crust thinning and subcontinental mantle exhumation. The NPZ results from the inversion of basins opened between the Iberia and Europa plates during Albo-Cenomanian times. In the Chaînons Béarnais ranges the pre-rift Mesozoic sedimentary cover is associated with peridotite bodies in tectonic contact with small size Paleozoic basement lenses. Continental extension developed under hot thermal conditions, as demonstrated by the syn-metamorphic Cretaceous ductile deformation affecting both the crustal basement and the allochtonous Mesozoic cover locally in direct contact with exhumed mantle rocks. In this study, we present structural and geochemical data providing new constraints to the knowledge of extreme crustal thinning processes and to reconstruct the evolution of the northern Iberia paleo-margin. The pre-rift cover was detached from its Paleozoic bedrock at the Keuper evaporites level and was welded to mantle rocks during their exhumation in the bottom of the basins. The crust/mantle detachment fault is a major shear zone characterized by anastomosed shear bands defining a plurimetric phacoidal fabric at the top of the serpentinized mantle. Raman Spectroscopy on Carbonaceous Materials (RSCM), performed on the Mesozoic cover reveals that the entire sedimentary pile underwent temperatures ranging between 200°C and 480°C. This sedimentary pile displays numerous evidence of infiltration by geological fluids. The fluid/rock interactions went on during the entire extensional events, since early deep phases characterized by ductile deformation, to late shallower stages characterized by brittle deformation. The detachment is marked by a layer of metasomatic rocks, locally up to 20 meters thick, made of talc-chlorite-pyrite-rich rocks that developed under greenschist facies conditions, including fluids derived from mantle rocks serpentinisation. Moreover, isotopes geochemistry (O, C, Sr) and microthermometry/Raman spectrometry of fluid inclusions in a network of calcitic veins (with quartz locally) in the overlying sediments reveal moderate temperatures (~220°C) brines circulation through the whole sedimentary cover during mantle exhumation. These brines likely derived from the dissolution of the local Triassic evaporites, rarely preserved in the Chaînons Béarnais. We developed a conceptual model based on geological evidence from the Chaînons Béarnais. Implying ductile deformation of the middle crust. Counter-regional detachments (dipping toward the continent) are associated to the individualization of mid-crustal thin tectonic lenses which remain welded on the mantle rocks and are exhumed at the floor of the Albian-Cenomanian basins, leaving behind the upper and the lower crust. These crustal lenses welded on mantle rocks then form a large zone of extremely thinned continental crust. Breaking points in this thin crustal sheet allow mantle rocks to come in direct contact with the pre-rift sediments (Saraillé, Turon de la Técouère). Breaking points in the pre-rift cover allow mantle rocks to be completely exhumed to the seafloor (Urdach-Les Pernes).

A dinâmica evolutiva de margens passivas continentais tem sido alvo de debates no âmbito da tectônica global e a margem leste da América do Sul compõe uma série de bacias marginais que contêm o registro sedimentar de diversos estágios de desenvolvimento da zona costeira após a abertura do Oceano Atlântico. No nordeste do Brasil, evidências de tectônica pós-rifte têm sido apontadas em algumas áreas do embasamento precambriano e bacias sedimentares . Nestas bacias, predomina a ocorrência de depósitos neógenos e quaternários no topo das unidades sedimentares. Estes depósitos têm sua ocorrência estendida para a costa sudeste e norte do Brasil. A área que compreende atualmente a Bacia Paraíba representa a última ponte de ligação das placas sul-americana e africana, portanto é um sítio geológico de fundamental relevância para a discussão da evolução da margem passiva sul-americana. Desta forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral estabelecer um modelo de evolução tectono-sedimentar da Bacia Paraíba do Cretáceo superior ao Quaternário a partir da integração de informações de superfície e subsuperfície. Para atingir este objetivo, foram definidas duas etapas de trabalho. Na primeira etapa, foi criado e aplicado um método que permitiu o mapeamento das unidades neógenas e quaternárias, visto que os mapas disponíveis da região nordeste não apresentam estas unidades discriminadas. Este método combinou dados aerogamaespectrométricos e geomorfométricos, e foi validado por dados de campo. Os procedimentos criados representam uma metodologia inovadora no campo do sensoriamento remoto e geofísica integrada, visto que nenhum trabalho até o momento unificou de forma quantitativa estas técnicas e aplicou para o mapeamento geológico. A metodologia pode ser reproduzida nas demais áreas da costa nordeste com ocorrência de depósitos neógenos e quaternários. Na segunda etapa, a integração do mapa geológico com dados de campo, perfis estratigráficos profundos e imagens de aerogeofísica e sensoriamento remoto, permitiu o estabelecimento de estágios de preenchimento da Bacia Paraíba. Considerando as evidências de contatos laterais abruptos entre unidades cretáceas e cenozoicas, as grandes mudanças de espessura de estratos em curtas distâncias, a correspondência entre os dados morfoestruturais, magnéticos e estruturais de campo, foi possível propor que uma sequência de eventos de subsidência e soerguimentos foi impulsionadora de processos deposicionais e denudacionais nesta bacia. Estes eventos tectônicos não ocorreram somente na fase inicial da separação dos continentes, eles se estenderam até muito depois da separação do Pangea. Os depósitos neógenos e quaternários apresentam estruturas de deformação extensional e compressional compatíveis com o regime regional de esforços extensionais de orientação N-S para o Cenozoico Superior. Estes eventos estão provavelmente associados à reativação de zonas de cisalhamento do embasamento precambriano adjacente durante o Quaternário Superior. Portanto, a Bacia Paraíba apresenta um diverso conjunto de evidências de que a margem passiva da América do Sul, pelo menos no nordeste do Brasil, foi afetada por eventos tectônicos pós-rifte, incompatíveis com o padrão de desenvolvimento de margens passivas continentais. / The evolutionary dynamics of continental passive margins has been the subject of discussion in the global tectonics scope and the eastern South America margin comprises a number of marginal basins containing sedimentary records of several development stages of the coastal zone after the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Evidence of tectonic post-rift in northeastern Brazil has been identified in some areas of Precambrian basement and sedimentary basins. In these basins, it is predominant the occurrence of Neogene and Quaternary deposits on top of the sedimentary units. These deposits have extended occurrence to the southeastern and to the northern coasts of Brazil. The area that nowadays comprises the Paraíba Basin represents the last bridge connecting the South American and African plates, hence it is an essential geological site for discussion concerning the South American passive margin evolution. Thus, the present study has the general objective to establish a model of tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the Paraíba Basin from late Cretaceous to late Quaternary based on integration of surface and subsurface information. To achieve this goal, two work stages of were defined. In the first stage, it was created and applied a method that enabled mapping Neogene and Quaternary units, because the available maps of the northeastern region do not present these units separately. This method has combined airborne gamma-spectrometry and geomorphometric data, and it was validated using field data. The proposed procedures represent an innovative methodology in the branch of integrating remote sensing and geophysical research, since no work has yet quantitatively unified and applied these techniques for geological mapping. The methodology can be replicated in other areas of th e northeastern coast where Neogene and Quaternary deposits also occur. The second step corresponds to the integration of the geological map with field data, deep stratigraphic profiles and images of airborne geophysics and remote sensing, what enabled the establishment of fill stages in the Paraíba Basin. Considering the evidence of abrupt lateral contacts between Cretaceous and Cenozoic units, large changes in strata thickness over short distances, and the correlation between morphostructural, magnetic and structural data, it is possible to propose that a sequence of subsidence and uplift events were driving factors of depositional and denudational processes in this basin. These tectonic events occurred not only in the initial separation stage of the continents, they went on until well after the breakup of Pangea. The Neogene and Quaternary deposits reveal extensional and compressional deformation structures compatible with the regional N-S-oriented extension stress field. These events are probably associated to the reactivation of shear zones of the precambrian basement area during the Late Quaternary. Therefore, the Paraíba Basin presents a diverse set of evidences that the passive South America margin, at least in the northeastern region of Brazil, was affected by post-rift tectonic events incompatible with the development pattern of passive continental margins.