Different polymers were used as antimicrobial finishing agent in textile application. Different methods were used to functionalize polyvinylamine, chitosan and cylcodextrin onto fibres. The finished fabrics were chracterized by different analytical tools. In addition the antibacterial activity of the modified surfaces was evaluated by Tetrazolium-Formazan test. A surface test agent (Toluol) was complexed by ß-Cyclodextrin and its deliverey was evaluated by olfactometry.

Microorganisms in biofilms are kept together by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS are key molecules for the structure, function and organization of biofilms. Chemical and / or physical isolation methods are being used for the quantitative separation of EPS from biofilms. The yield of EPS depends on the method of isolation. Four different methods of EPS isolation were used in this work (separation by stirring and centrifugation, use of a cation exchange resin, extraction with formaldehyde and extraction with formaldehyde and NaOH) on pure culture biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biofilms from sewage treatment systems. The isolation by stirring and centrifugation was suitable for pure culture biofilms. If calcium was present in the growth medium stirring and centrifugation alone was not sufficient. The isolation of EPS was successful with the cation exchange method. The method of choice for the isolation of EPS from environmental biofilms was the cation exchange method. EPS from pure culture biofilms of P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens did not only consist of polysaccharides, but also of significant amounts of proteins. In environmental biofilms humic substances and DNA were found in addition to polysaccharides and proteins. Detailed studies of the EPS from P. aeruginosa showed, that the EPS consisted of 70 % (w/w) of alginate. Alginate showed a clear heterogeneity in relation to charge (acetylated and non-acetylated fraction) and molar mass. Neutral carbohydrates were not found in the EPS after total hydrolysis followed by thin layer chromatography. Proteins amounted to 28 % (w/w) of the EPS. It is assumable that this not only related to enzymes, but also structural proteins (e. g. lectins). Rhamnose lipids (mainly di-rhamno lipid) were also found in the EPS (small amount of 1 % (w/w)); these molecules may also play an important role in the development of the biofilm structure. By increasing the time of biofilm cultivation P. aeruginosa produced (related to cell number) more EPS (mainly alginate). The composition of the EPS was depending on the nutrient medium. In synthetic media high amounts of polysaccharides and almost no proteins (in contrast to rich media) were detected in the EPS. EPS of pure culture biofilms of P. fluorescens contained carbohydrates (57 % (w/w)) and proteins (28 % (w/w)). Acetyl groups (5 % (w/w)) and glucose and galactose after hydrolysis and thin layer chromatography were detected in the EPS. Possibly the exopolysaccharide of P. fluorescens is an acetylated galactoglucan. In the analyzed sludges of waste water treatment proteins followed by carbohydrates made up the main components of the EPS. Humic substances and small amounts of DNA were detected in these EPS. The EPS of aquatic biofilms contained large amounts of humic substances. Uronic acids were not detected in any analyzed environmental biofilm. Therefore acidic polysaccharides in these biofilms cannot play any role in the stabilization of biofilms by cross linking the EPS with multivalent cations. Instead of that, humic substances, nucleic acids and acidic proteins could be responsible for cross linking.

The reactivity of the polycyclic ß,Y-unsaturated ketones under different conditions were investigated. The titled ketons were reacted with Lithiumaluminiumhidrid and Grignard reagents with following dehydratation of the resulted secondary and tertiary alkohol. The Bucherer reaction, thermolysis and photolysis of these ketones were carried out.

The non-destructive and contactless current detection is highly required for the function- and failure analysis of integrated circuits (ICs). Up to now, different measurement techniques have been proposed and introduced. No commercial measurement technique has been available for the application. The aim of this work was to develop a scanning current measurement technique, that allows to detect currents on ICs contactless. Micro-miniaturized magneto-resistive (MR) sensors were used for the current detection. The measurement principle is detecting and assessing the magnetic fields over the current carrying conducting line. Based on the MR sensors, a new probe was constructed. This probe enables parallel to the current detection, a topography measurement. Furthermore, different measurement techniques were introduced and successfully applied, for the AC-current detection in µA-range and in MHz-range on the test structures. Finally, the functionality of the scanning current measurement technique was demonstrated by the current detection on a real IC.

Goals of this study are to point out strategies to influence the gel-matrix building components of biofilms. One well characterised component of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa SG81 is the alginate AlgSG81. AlgSG81 is one main component of EPS and thus of the gel-matrix, too. AlgSG81 is completely dissociated in aqueous solution and therefore a strong polyelectrolyte (PEL). By means of computation with OSF-theory and validation via viscosity measurements the conformation of AlgSG81-chains in aqueous solution at screened and not screened conditions is that of a coil over a large concentration regime. By addition of tetramethylurea (TMU) to aqueous solutions of AlgSG81 the formation of a physical network (gel) is observed. Different empirical and theoretical approaches to characterise PEL were improved and experimental verified.

Nanocrystal films may be used as detector material in sensors, as charge storage or conducting channels in devices. In this work lead sulphide (PbS) nanocrystals are generated in the gas-phase and deposited onto substrates forming nanocrystal films. A technology is developed for lateral structuring of these films on the substrate and to process them further by microelectronic standard processes. The pattern of the nanocrystal film is scaled down by several hundreds of nanometers compared to the used photoresist mask pattern. The responsible mechanism is found by consideration of physical mechanisms and usage of a trajectory simulation program. For basic electrical investigation a system is designed for production of nanocrystal films and electrical characterization under clean conditions. Noise measurements and I-V characterizations are performed. Both, single charge transport and charge transport through the interface of nanocrystal film and substrate have been found. The volume of the nanocrystal film is for the current transport not important. PbS nanocrystal films can be used in future devices for definition of high resolution current paths. Current designs can be used to downscale the device patterns without applying high resolution lithography. The parallel process technology with optical lithography still can be used to implement the films into microelectronic devices. With the trajectory simulation program the geometry can be predicted. The developed technology and the results can be transmitted to other material systems.

The crystalline regions of the δ-form of syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) contain cavities in which certain small molecules can be absorbed. The mobility of six perdeuterated molecules: benzene, toluene, chloroform dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane, present as a guest in these cavities, has been investigated via 2H NMR spectroscopy. For all samples the motional behavior of the molecules absorbed in the amorphous phase of the polymer differs from that shown by the molecules clathrated in the crystalline phase. The motion of all six molecules in the amorphous phase is approximately isotropic at a temperature T = 298 K or higher, but severely anisotropic when the molecules are included in the crystalline phase. The dynamical behavior of each solvent hosted in the crystalline phase of s-PS has been investigated by comparing spectra obtained by simulation of the effect of a certain molecular rotation on the 2H spectra with the experimental spectra.

In this work, nanocapsules were synthesized from n-butylcyanoacrylat (BCA) and characterized under variation of kind and quantity of the synthesis components. The influences of the quantity variations were interpreted, using a reduced and a complete factorized experimental design. Hereby, the properties of the capsules have been specified, such as width, width distribution, density, wall thickness and morphology of the capsule. For the verification of the construction of the capsules and their characterization different analytical methods have been used, i.e. TGA, TEM, AFM, AUZ and DLS. In addition, Zeta potentials have been measured and taken into consideration.

In this work an efficient system on the basis of the Curie point pyrolysis and the ion mobility spectrometry will be developed. Ten types of polymeric materials were examined as test-substances: polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile -, 1,3-butadiene -, styrene-copolymer, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene and polycarbonate. To the evaluation of the analysis-results cluster analysis and the radius-basis-function-network were used. The received results have shown that the PY/IMS-system is well suitable in connection with multivariate analysis for the identification of the above-mentioned plastics

We study a class of filtered flat vector bundles of rank 2 which we call pseudo-eeliptic bundles. We construct pseudo-elliptic bundles starting from a deformation datum defined over the function field of a curve over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. This leads us to study a variant of Dwork's accessary parameter problem. We give applications of our results to Galois theory.