Submitted by Isaías Mutombo Mafavisse (isaimutombo@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-20T10:15:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_2018 ISAIAS MAFAVISSE.pdf: 5746929 bytes, checksum: f2429d8c5245df253586397aeecc0a09 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucimara Kurokawa Shinoda null (lucimaraks@sorocaba.unesp.br) on 2018-07-20T17:16:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mafavisse_im_dr_soro.pdf: 5746929 bytes, checksum: f2429d8c5245df253586397aeecc0a09 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T17:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mafavisse_im_dr_soro.pdf: 5746929 bytes, checksum: f2429d8c5245df253586397aeecc0a09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A poluição do ar é considerada uma situação-tipo para o setor mineiro, apresentando aspectos clássicos de degradação do meio ambiente biótico e abiótico. O objetivo do trabalho é identificar áreas impactadas por material particulado da mineração do carvão e suas principais fontes emissoras em Moatize, propondo uma nova formulação de supressor de poeira de base vegetal como alternativa para reduzir a emissão de material particulado em mina a céu aberto. Através de metodologia cartográfica, buscou-se representar as áreas críticas contendo carga potencial poluidora, neste caso, partículas totais em suspensão (PTS) e material particulado respirável (MP10) procedentes do processo e logística da exploração do carvão. As variações na qualidade do ar em torno das áreas de mineração do carvão em Moatize foram avaliadas durante o período de 2015 em cinco locais e em duas estações do ano. Os dados de campo mostraram que as áreas mais impactadas pelas emissões difusas de partículas totais em suspensão (PTS) e material particulado com diâmetro 10 (MP10) devido à atividade de mineração do carvão em Moatize são Liberdade, Carbomoc, Minas Moatize e 25 de setembro. Este último é o mais impactado. Os dados revelaram ainda níveis de concentração de material particulado acima dos padrões estabelecidos no Regulamento de Normas de Qualidade Ambiental e Decreto de Emissão de Efluentes n° 67/2010 vigente em Moçambique. As concentrações de PTS atingiram 569 μg m-3 no mês mais crítico. As análises de elementos principais e de elementos maiores e traço no carvão bruto foram realizadas por Análise Elementar CHN e Espetroscopia de Emissão óptica com Plasma Acoplado Indutivamente (ICP OES). Na formulação básica do supressor de poeira foi examinado o supressor de extrato de Pinus e ácido γ-poliglutâmico (γ-PGA). A nova formulação contendo ácido γ-poliglutâmico resultou em supressor de poeira de base vegetal, biodegradável. A interface entre a matriz de carvão mineral e a película supressora foi examinada por microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. Na caracterização do supressor de poeira foram utilizadas técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia no infravermelho. O gênero Pinus é uma matéria-prima abundante, renovável e de baixo custo, que possui potencial químico para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos de alto valor agregado. Os resultados iniciais são promissores e representam não apenas uma vantagem ambiental, mas também um ganho importante para as comunidades localizadas nas imediações das minas de carvão. / Air pollution is considered a standard situation for the mining sector, presenting classic aspects of degradation of the biotic and abiotic environment. The objective of this work is to identify areas impacted by coal mining particulate matter and its main source sources in Moatize, proposing a new formulation of a dust suppressant which is plant base with an alternative to suppress the particulate matter in an open pit mine. By means of cartographic methodology, we intend to represent the critical areas with potential pollutant load, in this case, total suspended particulate (TSP) matter and respirable particulate matter (PM10) from the process and logistic of the coal exploitation. The variations in air quality around the coal mining areas at Moatize were assessed over the 2015 period at five sites and two seasons. The field data showed that the areas most impacted by the diffuse emissions of TSP matter and PM10 particulate due to the coal mining activity in Moatize are Liberdade, Carbomoc, Minas Moatize on September 25. The latter is the most impacted. The data also revealed a high concentration of particulate matter in these areas, with levels above the standards established in the Regulation of Environmental Quality Standards and Wastewater Emission Decree No. 67/2010 in force in Mozambique. The PTS concentrations reached 569 μg m-3 in the most critical month. The analyzes of major elements and major elements and trait in crude coal were performed by CHN elementary and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers (ICP OES). In the basic formulation of the dust suppressant the extract suppressor of Pinus and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) was examined. The new formulation containing γ-polyglutamic acid resulted in a biodegradable plant-based dust suppressant. The interface between the charcoal matrix and the suppressor film was examined by a laser scanning confocal microscopy. In the characterization of the dust suppressor, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy techniques were used. The Pinus genus is an abundant, renewable and low-cost raw material that has chemical potential for the development of new products with high added value. The initial results are promising and represent not only an environmental advantage, but also a significant gain for communities located in the vicinity of coal mines.

From the Proceedings of the 1974 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 19-20, 1974, Flagstaff, Arizona / Reported are laboratory evaluations to screen water-repellent materials and treatments before testing them in the field. Water repellency tests were conducted on paraffin wax, a wax emulsion and silicon, lard, and a liquid dust suppressant. Six water repellency tests showed that the high rates of paraffin wax and all rates of the dust suppressant produced highly water-repellent soil surfaces. The six water repellency tests were: (1) the aqueous-alcohol drop test for determination of the 90 degree surface tension for a porous solid, (2) the water drop penetration time test, (3) the relative height of a large sessile water drop resting on the smoothed, treated soil surface, (4) and (5) the presence and persistence of air bubbles trapped between the soil-water interface, and test (6) was made to note whether the large sessile water drop from test (3) would infiltrate the soil or evaporate. Tests (3), (4), and (5) proved the most useful of the six methods for measuring water repellency. Soil type had no significant influence on degree of water repellency as measured in the laboratory by these six tests.