This research focussed on the identification, evaluation and recommendation of passive design strategies suitable for housing design in hot and dry climates in India. The term 'passive' refers to those design techniques which, in order to enhance thermal comfort, utilize the favourable and mininimize the unfavourable elements of the local climate. The objective of the research was to determine means by which reliance on mechanical means of achieving comfort and associated socio-economic costs can be minimized. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part identifies and evaluates the passive design techniques used in the dwellings of pre-industrial and post-industrial cities located in hot and dry region in India. Climate, environmental problems (primarily cooling), and indoor comfort criteria were analysed to establish preliminary criteria for evaluating the thermal performance of design techniques. The main objective was to enable designers to identify those techniques which can be used in contemporary dwelling designs. The second part proposes strategies to incorporate passive techniques in contemporary housing design. General strategies recommended at various levels of design include the following: -minimize solar gain -minimize conductive heat flow -promote ventilation -minimize internal heat gains -promote radiant cooling -delay periodic heat flow -promote evaporative cooling -control high velocity wind -control glare These strategies, which recognize the comfort-related needs of dwelling occupants, promote the use of local construction practices. The application of passive techniques presents architects with a considerable scope for creativity in housing design. However, at the outset, it is necessary to define priorities in the selection of design strategies, and to ensure these priorities are addressed through each level of design. The strategies selected in this thesis emphasize the need for minimizing heat gain during day time, and maximizing heat loss at night. It is concluded from this research that the application of passive techniques in contemporary housing design allows for maintenance of most thermal comfort needs, thereby reducing reliance on mechanical means of control. At the same time, the use of passive techniques provides a potential for the housing designs to respond effectively to certain socio-cultural needs of the occupants. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Received degree under the name Bhatia / Graduate

No description available.

The study hypothesizes that the working class have evolved a distinctive life style, in terms of stable and recurring activity and behaviour patterns. It is argues that thorough knowledge and understanding of these patterns can provide meaningful design requirements for the planning of new residential areas or for the redevelopment of the present "grey" areas in central cities. A review of literature pertinent to the working class and low income housing suggested that the housing priorities of the working class revolve first around attaining home ownership and secondly around locating conveniently near basic contacts, that is, work, stores and friends and relatives. Without an adequate supply of low income housing, the possibilities of home ownership are negligible. Thus, the thesis investigated two obstacles hindering increases in the low income housing supply. They are: (1) the hesitancy to accept non-convential construction techniques and (2) the lack of governmental initiative in creating direct increases to low income housing supply. In general terms, it is suggested that large scale industrialized building will provide a promising solution to the problem of high housing costs but also that, in accepting mass system housing, the necessity of thoroughly studying the people for whom the housing is constructed must be recognized. Innovative governmental programs, for example, the turn-key techniques, show possibilities of satisfying the high priority need of the working class, that is, the security of tenure or more simply, home ownership. The literature reviewed also indicated that the locational preferences of the working class were dependent upon transportation availability and costs to work, the nearness to employment opportunities and the convenience to social, commercial and other local facilities. These factors are, therefore, considered important requisites in the location of low income housing. A study of working class activity and behaviour involved an appraisal of their attitudes and preferences. A short over-view of existing literature investigating working class attitudes in the areas of the family, the home, the neighbourhood and consumer behaviour is presented. The primary analysis involved a detailed study of working class activities and behaviour. Basically four studies were used to document the stable and routine activity patters of the working class. The use of information culled from these studies is subject to many limitations. However, it is felt that the material does indicate several spatially significant working class activity patterns. A comparison of activities and existing physical planning criteria is used to suggest the areas of compatability and conflict between the activities and the criteria. The comparison also gives evidence of characteristic working class activities that are not generally considered in terms of the spatial arrangements that the activities suggest. It is suggested that the descriptive evidence provided is sufficient to indicate the distinctiveness of working class activities and behaviour. From a planning point of view, the implications derived from the spatial patterning of their activities suggest distinctive design criteria for the planning of low income working class communities. To conclude, planning which focuses on integrating the surrounding neighbourhood and the local facilities with the home area would accommodate the familiar activity patterns of the working class. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2004. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Arts. Bibliography: leaves 292-305.

Thesis (D. LITT.)--University of London.

Thesis (D. LITT.)--University of London.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)—-Boston University. / This dissertation is a study of the Late Antique residential architecture (from the 4th through 6th centuries, after Christ) excavated at Stobi, the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia Secunda. The archaeological remains of the residences are documented on detai I, with photographs, drawings, and descriptions. Reconstructions and an analysis of the bui !dings' functions are also offered. Within a chronological framework, changes in residential design are distinguished and contrasted, leading to the identification of characteristics that define the residential architecture at Stobi. These characteristics are then related to developments in a broader context in an attempt to define what is unique about Late Antique residences.