Neste trabalho realizamos o estudo da cinética e formação de agregados em cristais iônicos halogenetos alcalinos dopados com impurezas divalentes, através da técnica de espectroscopia de absorção de dois fótons (ADF). Analisamos a formação dos agregados em cristais envelhecidos a temperaturas fixas (50 e 250&#176C), através de medidas de ADF das transições 4f7 &#8594 4f7 do Eu2+, proibidas por um fóton. A evolução do espectro de ADF em função do tempo, mostrou a existência de três fases distintas de agregação. A primeira fase consiste na formação de dímeros e é observada no espectro de ADF através de três absorções muito próximas às absorções do dipolo isolada. As outras duas fases (II e III) evoluem a partir dos dímeros, dependendo do tratamento térmico a que a amostra é submetida. Estas fases são observadas no espectro de ADF através de absorções relativamente afastadas das absorções do dipolo isolado. Todo sistema experimental foi montado em nosso laboratório, consistindo de um sistema de aquisição de dados controlado por um micro-computador; laser de corante bombeado por um YAG:Nd3+; motores de passos para a varredura do comprimento de onda do laser de corante; sistema de detecção; etc. / In this work we realize the study of the Kinetic and formation of precipitates in ionic crystals doped with divalent impurities by the TPA (two photon absorption) spectroscopy technique. We analyze the formation of the aggregates in crystals annealed at temperatures of 50 and 250&#176C. We measured the TPA of the transition 4f7 &#8594 4f7 of the Eu2+, which is forbidden by one photon. The evolution of the TPA spectra at the time showed us three phases of the precipitates. The dimmers formation was observed in the first phase, by three absorptions bands near the one of the impurity vacancy dipole. The others phases (II and III) involve from the dimmers, depending on the annealing temperature that the samples were submitted. Those phases are observed in the TPA spectra through absorptions which are relatively far from the absorptions due to the isolated (I-V) dipole. All experimental system employed is home made. It consists of a data acquisition system controlled by a micro-computer; a Dye laser pumped by a YAG:Nd3+ laser; step motors to scan the wavelength of the Dye laser; detection system and others devices.

Since Feynman's realization of using quantum systems to investigate quantum dynamics, interest in creating controllable quantum systems to simulate condensed matter phenomenon has been high. With the realization of BECs in 1995, the realization of a relatively clean testbed for simulating some of these phenomenon became a reality. My PhD research has been an exploration of the production and use of Bose-Einstein Condensates for the study of superfluidity. The first 3 years have been spent in the actual building of a Na BEC apparatus. During this time, we’ve implemented a distinct technique to trap ultra cold Na atoms, i.e. the Optically Plugged Trap. In the process, we have shown how atoms in a linear trap can show spin metastability and thus maintain a nonequilibrium state for long periods of time. In studying the interaction of ultra-cold atoms with light, we have developed a technique to measure the velocity distribution of atoms using a standing optical wave (Bragg Spectroscopy). Alongside this, we have also created optical traps for atoms in which we can change to shape of the trap itself to probe different condensed matter systems. The eventual goal being the investigation of condensed matter physics, specifically superfluidity, using ultra-cold atoms.

Neste trabalho realizamos o estudo da cinética e formação de agregados em cristais iônicos halogenetos alcalinos dopados com impurezas divalentes, através da técnica de espectroscopia de absorção de dois fótons (ADF). Analisamos a formação dos agregados em cristais envelhecidos a temperaturas fixas (50 e 250&#176C), através de medidas de ADF das transições 4f7 &#8594 4f7 do Eu2+, proibidas por um fóton. A evolução do espectro de ADF em função do tempo, mostrou a existência de três fases distintas de agregação. A primeira fase consiste na formação de dímeros e é observada no espectro de ADF através de três absorções muito próximas às absorções do dipolo isolada. As outras duas fases (II e III) evoluem a partir dos dímeros, dependendo do tratamento térmico a que a amostra é submetida. Estas fases são observadas no espectro de ADF através de absorções relativamente afastadas das absorções do dipolo isolado. Todo sistema experimental foi montado em nosso laboratório, consistindo de um sistema de aquisição de dados controlado por um micro-computador; laser de corante bombeado por um YAG:Nd3+; motores de passos para a varredura do comprimento de onda do laser de corante; sistema de detecção; etc. / In this work we realize the study of the Kinetic and formation of precipitates in ionic crystals doped with divalent impurities by the TPA (two photon absorption) spectroscopy technique. We analyze the formation of the aggregates in crystals annealed at temperatures of 50 and 250&#176C. We measured the TPA of the transition 4f7 &#8594 4f7 of the Eu2+, which is forbidden by one photon. The evolution of the TPA spectra at the time showed us three phases of the precipitates. The dimmers formation was observed in the first phase, by three absorptions bands near the one of the impurity vacancy dipole. The others phases (II and III) involve from the dimmers, depending on the annealing temperature that the samples were submitted. Those phases are observed in the TPA spectra through absorptions which are relatively far from the absorptions due to the isolated (I-V) dipole. All experimental system employed is home made. It consists of a data acquisition system controlled by a micro-computer; a Dye laser pumped by a YAG:Nd3+ laser; step motors to scan the wavelength of the Dye laser; detection system and others devices.

We study the expansion velocity and ion temperature evolution of ultracold neutral plasmas (UNPs) of calcium atoms under the influence of a uniform magnetic field that ranges up to 200 G. In the experiments, we use a magneto-optical trap (MOT) to capture the neutral atoms and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to take images of the plasma. We vary the magnetic field strengths and the initial electron temperatures and observe the plasma evolution in time. We compare the ion temperature evolution to the theory introduced in the paper by Pohl et. al. [Phys. Rev. A 70, 033416 (2004)]. The evolution of the gradient of expansion velocity suggests the presence of ion acoustic waves (IAWs). We speculate that our measurements showing that the ion temperature remains relatively high throughout the evolution is a biproduct of the IAW.