Os fundamentos do marketing de empresas empreendedoras não são necessariamente os mesmos do marketing tradicional. A limitação de recursos, conhecimento e abrangência exige das empresas empreendedoras diferentes capacidades, incluindo especificidades atreladas ao processo de precificação. Condições cada vez mais dinâmicas, hostis e, em sua maioria, complexas, criam necessidades e oportunidades para os diversos elementos do marketing mix, em especial ao preço. Empresas serão bem-sucedidas ao utilizarem abordagens de preços que são mais complexas, mais personalizadas, têm proposição de valor superior e preços inferiores. O cenário empreendedor brasileiro traz, no entanto, desafios adicionais. A economia ainda impulsionada por eficiência e a crise econômica definem um ambiente menos favorável ao empreendedorismo por oportunidade com incremento do empreendedorismo por necessidade. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve o objetivo geral de avaliar o impacto da capacidade de Orientação Dinâmica de preço na performance. A partir da aplicação de pesquisa de campo com empreendedores brasileiros via questionário online chegou-se a resultados que confirmam a hipótese de que a capacidade de Orientação Dinâmica de preço das empresas empreendedoras brasileiras possui relação positiva com a performance e que esta relação é mais forte quando a empresa está em um ambiente mais dinâmico. Resultados adicionais também evidenciam que o preço é um elemento chave para as empresas empreendedoras brasileiras, sendo que a maioria das empresas aplica estratégia de definir preços inicialmente mais baixos para acelerar ganho de mercado, reforçando o uso de preço como elemento competitivo. No entanto, o provável ambiente de menor competição ou maturidade do mercado brasileiro, resulta em uma baixa exigência de aplicação de medidas competitivas mais intensas como a precificação dinâmica. A alteração deste ambiente competitivo pode gerar mudanças significativas nas necessidades de precificação. / The fundamentals of entrepreneurial business marketing are not necessarily the same as traditional marketing. The limitation of resources, knowledge and scope requires the entrepreneurial companies different capabilities, including some specificities related to the pricing process. Increasingly dynamic, hostile and mostly complex, conditions create necessities and opportunities for the various elements of the marketing mix, especially at price. Companies will succeed by using pricing approaches that are more complex, more personalized, having higher value propositions, and lower prices. The Brazilian entrepreneurial scenario, however, presents additional challenges. The economy is still driven by efficiency and the economic crisis brought a less favorable environment to entrepreneurship by opportunity with an increase in entrepreneurship by necessity. In this context, the present study had the general objective of evaluating the impact of dynamic orientation capability of pricing on performance. The application of a field research with Brazilian entrepreneurs through online questionnaire brought results that confirm the hypothesis that the dynamic orientation of pricing capability has a positive relationship with performance of Brazilian entrepreneurial companies and that this relationship is stronger when the company is in a more dynamic environment. Additional results also show that price is a key element for Brazilian entrepreneurial companies, with most companies applying a strategy to define initially lower prices to accelerate market gain, reinforcing the use of price as a competitive element. However, the likely environment of less competition or maturity of the Brazilian market, results in a lower requirement for the application of more intense competitive solutions such as dynamic pricing. Changes in this competitive environment can generate significant changes in pricing needs.

The Federal Reserve has increased nominal interest rates since early 2016. It is expected that commodity prices will drop in response to this monetary intervention. The overshooting hypothesis explains that commodity prices are more flexible than manufacturing prices and therefore are more volatile. In this situation, it is expected that agricultural commodities decline significantly (i.e., overshoot) and gradually return to their long-run equilibrium. This adjustment behavior has implications for income stability and financial viability of farmers. This research contributes to the overshooting literature by including the energy sector in the overshooting model. The interlinks between energy and other sectors in the economy as well as the vast resource allocation to biofuel production in recent decades demand more attention to the impact of energy on the dynamic adjustment path of relative prices’ reaction to monetary shocks. We assume energy prices have independent adjustment path and include the links between the energy and agricultural sectors through biofuel production in our model. Our theoretical model shows that by including energy prices in the model, agricultural prices and the exchange rate overshoot less than the prediction of prior studies. This happens because we expect that flexible energy prices share the burden of the shock with other flexible prices in the model. We also describe how an increasing share of biofuels in the total fuel consumption will reduce the flexibility of energy prices. In our empirical analysis, we use monthly data from January 1975 to December 2017 for three producer price indexes (i.e., agricultural commodities, energy, and industrial goods), exchange rates, and money supply to test the overshooting hypothesis. We found the series to be nonstationary and cointegrated of the order one, I(1). Thus, we estimated a vector error correction model to identify the short run adjustment parameters while maintaining the long-run relationships between the variables. We identify and control for three possible structural breaks in the data that coincide with two economic crises and the biofuel production era. We also estimated the empirical model using a sub-sample from January 1975 to March 1999 and compared the results with the findings in previous studies. Our empirical results confirm the theoretical expectation that agricultural commodities adjust faster than manufacturing prices. The analysis of the impulse response functions shows that after a money supply shock, agricultural prices were the most responsive, followed by energy prices and exchange rates. In both full sample and the sub-sample, the volatility of prices and exchange rates happen during the first 5 to 10 months. The sluggish adjustment of manufacturing prices was evident from the corresponding impulse response functions. The empirical evidence rejects the long-run money neutrality, consistent with the findings of previous empirical studies. Compared to previous models, our empirical model shows that including energy prices will reduce the extent to which agricultural commodities overshoot. Therefore we expect the disturbances to the farm income variability, in response to monetary policy, to be less than what prior model would have estimated. In this regard, energy prices are a stabilizing factor in this model. We find that increased share of biofuel from total fuel consumption would positively affect the overshooting of agricultural prices. So, higher biofuel mandates could reduce the flexibility of the energy prices and therefore have an adverse effect on the farm price stability.

Os fundamentos do marketing de empresas empreendedoras não são necessariamente os mesmos do marketing tradicional. A limitação de recursos, conhecimento e abrangência exige das empresas empreendedoras diferentes capacidades, incluindo especificidades atreladas ao processo de precificação. Condições cada vez mais dinâmicas, hostis e, em sua maioria, complexas, criam necessidades e oportunidades para os diversos elementos do marketing mix, em especial ao preço. Empresas serão bem-sucedidas ao utilizarem abordagens de preços que são mais complexas, mais personalizadas, têm proposição de valor superior e preços inferiores. O cenário empreendedor brasileiro traz, no entanto, desafios adicionais. A economia ainda impulsionada por eficiência e a crise econômica definem um ambiente menos favorável ao empreendedorismo por oportunidade com incremento do empreendedorismo por necessidade. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve o objetivo geral de avaliar o impacto da capacidade de Orientação Dinâmica de preço na performance. A partir da aplicação de pesquisa de campo com empreendedores brasileiros via questionário online chegou-se a resultados que confirmam a hipótese de que a capacidade de Orientação Dinâmica de preço das empresas empreendedoras brasileiras possui relação positiva com a performance e que esta relação é mais forte quando a empresa está em um ambiente mais dinâmico. Resultados adicionais também evidenciam que o preço é um elemento chave para as empresas empreendedoras brasileiras, sendo que a maioria das empresas aplica estratégia de definir preços inicialmente mais baixos para acelerar ganho de mercado, reforçando o uso de preço como elemento competitivo. No entanto, o provável ambiente de menor competição ou maturidade do mercado brasileiro, resulta em uma baixa exigência de aplicação de medidas competitivas mais intensas como a precificação dinâmica. A alteração deste ambiente competitivo pode gerar mudanças significativas nas necessidades de precificação. / The fundamentals of entrepreneurial business marketing are not necessarily the same as traditional marketing. The limitation of resources, knowledge and scope requires the entrepreneurial companies different capabilities, including some specificities related to the pricing process. Increasingly dynamic, hostile and mostly complex, conditions create necessities and opportunities for the various elements of the marketing mix, especially at price. Companies will succeed by using pricing approaches that are more complex, more personalized, having higher value propositions, and lower prices. The Brazilian entrepreneurial scenario, however, presents additional challenges. The economy is still driven by efficiency and the economic crisis brought a less favorable environment to entrepreneurship by opportunity with an increase in entrepreneurship by necessity. In this context, the present study had the general objective of evaluating the impact of dynamic orientation capability of pricing on performance. The application of a field research with Brazilian entrepreneurs through online questionnaire brought results that confirm the hypothesis that the dynamic orientation of pricing capability has a positive relationship with performance of Brazilian entrepreneurial companies and that this relationship is stronger when the company is in a more dynamic environment. Additional results also show that price is a key element for Brazilian entrepreneurial companies, with most companies applying a strategy to define initially lower prices to accelerate market gain, reinforcing the use of price as a competitive element. However, the likely environment of less competition or maturity of the Brazilian market, results in a lower requirement for the application of more intense competitive solutions such as dynamic pricing. Changes in this competitive environment can generate significant changes in pricing needs.