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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Feições eólicas quaternárias e vulnerabilidades agrícolas em áreas de arenização no Pampa brasileiro / Dépôts éoliens quaternaires et vulnérabilité concernant les activités agricoles en zones d'arenização dans la Pampa brésilienne / Quaternary sand deposits and vulnerability to agricultural activities in areas of Arenizaçao in brazilian pampa

Gomes, Tania Cristina 04 July 2019 (has links)
Dans le Sud-Ouest de l’État du Rio Grande do Sul, la Pampa brésilienne comprend des taches de sable (areal) enclavées dans le paysage.Elles sont en lien avec des dépôts éoliens stabilisés et/ou instables, hérités d’un climat plus sec que l’actuel et constituent des indicateurs importants pour la compréhension de ce paysage. L’objectif de la thèse est d’identifier la dynamique de l’érosion à partir des traits géomorphologiques principaux du milieu (forme, matériaux superficiels). Les procédures méthodologiques comprennent des travaux de terrain et en laboratoire. Les prospections de terrain ont conduit à la cartographie et permis également de déterminer des points pour le prélèvement des échantillons de sédiments en vue des analyses granulométriques, morphoscopiques et de la datation des matériaux par la méthode de LOS - Protocole SAR. Au plan sédimentologique, les matériaux sont composés notamment par des sables quartzeux, de classe modale Sable Fin. Les caractéristiques morphologiques et optiques des grains de sable renseignent sur la compétence éolienne et sur le transport. La distribution des traits géomorphologiques, associée aux unités de relief, indique que les dépôts éoliens ont lieu substantiellement sur les sommets des collines, suivis par les vallées sèches. D’après l’occupation du sol on note une augmentation significative de la superficie destinée aux cultures annuelles au détriment de celle destinée aux prairies. La Pampa possède comme aptitude l’élevage, mais la conversion des pâturages en parcelles cultivées a intensifié la pression sur les ressources hydriques, la végétation herbacée et sur les sols sableux. / In southern Brazil exposes sand spots embedded in Brazilian Pampa landscape. Both stable and/or unstable wind deposits represent the inheritance of a drier climate than the current one and provide important paleoclimatic evidences for understanding this landscape. The objective of this thesis is to identify, associations between the current geomorphological features and the quaternary surface formations, as well as the erosive/depositional dynamics acting on these features, in the context of an area historically submitted to agricultural pressure. Methodological procedures included field, cabinet and laboratory work steps. Field observations led to the initial interpretations on the morphological evolution of stable and/or unstable eolian deposits, as well as to the survey of the four points of collection of sedimentary material, for both granulometric and morphological analyzes and for absolute dating, which was established by optically stimulated luminescence method (SAR protocol). The sediments are predominantly composed by quartz sands, of Fine sand modal class, varying to lesser fractions of Medium sand and Very fine sand. Both morphological and optical characteristics of the sediments clarify the eolic competence over the particles and their mobilization, demonstrating a certain degree of selection. The geomorphological features distribution associated to the relief units shows that the eolic deposits occur substantially on the tops of hills, followed by dry valleys. In relation to land uses, which was mapped between 1982 and 2016, there is a significant increase in the area devoted to crops, in detriment to the field one. The Pampas has livestock as its primary aptitude, but the conversion of land use, especially from pasture fields to crop, intensifies the pressure on water resources, on herbaceous vegetation and on sandy soils, which are particularly sensitive to erosion. / O Sul do Brasil expõe manchas de areia encravadas na paisagem do Pampa brasileiro. Os depósitos eólicos estáveis e/ou instáveis representam a herança de um clima mais seco do que o atual e fornecem evidências paleoclimáticas importantes para a compreensão dessa paisagem. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar associações entre as feições geomorfológicas atuais e as formações superficiais quaternárias, assim como as dinâmicas erosivas/deposicionais atuantes nessas feições, no contexto de uma área submetida historicamente à pressão agrícola. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram etapas de trabalho de campo, de gabinete e de laboratório. A observação de campo conduziu interpretações sobre a evolução morfológica dos depósitos eólicos e o levantamento dos quatro pontos de coletas de material sedimentar eólico, para análises granulométrica, morfoscópica e para a realização de datação absoluta pelo método LOE. Os sedimentos são compostos predominantemente por areias quartzosas, de classe modal Areia Fina. As características morfológicas e ópticas dos sedimentos esclarecem quanto à competência eólica sobre as partículas e sobre seu transporte, demostrando certo grau de selecionamento. A distribuição das feições geomorfológicas, associada às unidades de relevo mostra que os depósitos eólicos ocorrem substancialmente sobre os topos de colinas, seguido de vales secos. Os usos da terra, há um aumento significativo da superfície destinada à Lavoura, em detrimento à de Campo. O Pampa possui, como aptidão a pecuária, mas a conversão de uso em lavoura, intensifica a pressão sobre os recursos hídricos, vegetação herbácea e solos francamente arenosos, sensíveis à erosão.

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