Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_rf_me_prud.pdf: 5197639 bytes, checksum: 1c8da2ba222153e72f0e411a1ff89f69 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A utilização de imagens adquiridas por sensores CCD de médio formato, em plataformas aéreas, é uma alternativa para a redução de custos em projetos de aerolevantamento. Porém, alguns inconvenientes, como a pequena área de cobertura e a limitação às bandas do visível restringem algumas aplicações. Para resolver estes problemas podem ser usados vários sensores CCD simultaneamente, sendo necessária uma etapa posterior de fusão e registro destas imagens. Neste trabalho foram utilizados dois sistemas compostos por múltiplas câmaras, o Sistema de Aquisição e Pós-Processamento de Imagens Tomadas com Câmaras Digitais (SAAPI) e o Sistema de Câmaras Fuji. O sistema SAAPI permite diferentes configurações entre os sensores que o compõem, podendo estar nos modos duplooblíquo ou nadiral à área fotografada. A metodologia desenvolvida no trabalho trata duas questões envolvidas com a configuração de sistemas de múltiplas câmaras: o registro entre imagens IR e RGB e a fusão entre imagens RGB oblíquas, tendo como objetivo o aumento da resolução espectral e geométrica da imagem final produzida. Para isto são utilizados processos como a retificação e reamostragem de imagens. Estes, por sua vez, necessitam dos dados de calibração do sistema de câmaras, pois os parâmetros de orientação interior e exterior (POI e POE) são imprescindíveis para corrigir os efeitos das distorções nas imagens e o efeito da inclinação do sistema de câmaras. Experimentos realizados com imagens áreas, utilizando a metodologia proposta, demonstram que a discrepância nas coordenadas de pontos comuns às imagens registradas foi menor que 1 pixel. Este resultado é dependente da qualidade da calibração do sistema de câmaras / The use of images acquired by medium format CCD sensors from aerial platforms, is a cost effective alternative for aerial surveying projects. However, some drawbacks, as small coverage area and limitation to the visible spectrum bands restrict some applications. To solve these problems multiple CCD sensors can be used simultaneously, requiring a later stage for registration and fusion of these images. In this study, two systems with multiple cameras, the System for Airborne Acquisition and Processing of Digital Images (SAAPI) and Fuji Camera System were used. The SAAPI system allows different configurations between the sensors that can be either double-oblique or nadir to the area photographed. The methodology developed in this study approached two issues involved with systems with multiple cameras: the registration between IR and RGB images and oblique RGB images fusion, aiming at increasing the geometric and spectral resolution of the final image to be produced. There were used processes such as rectification and images resampling. These processes require the previous camera and system calibration, because inner and exterior orientation parameters (IOP and EOP) are essential to correct the effects of distortions in the images and the effect of camera convergence within the system. Experiments performed with real terrestrial and aerial images using the proposed methodology, showed that the discrepancy in the coordinates of common points in the registered images were less than 1 pixel. This result is dependent on the quality of the system and camera calibration

M.Comm. / Stakeholders in the process of transfer of immovable property often argue that transfers take too long. This perception impacts unfavourably on investments in property, as well as on the effective management by conveyancing attorneys of their practices. Different views exist, however, as to how long transfers actually take in practice and as regards the period of time that would constitute a reasonable duration for a typical transfer. The purpose of the study is firstly to establish, by means of empirical research, how long transfers should take, given the factors that influence their duration, and secondly to determine how long transfers actually take in practice. The study identifies the factors that influence the duration of transfers. Based on the observations of practising conveyancers, it then proceeds to establish that typical transfers (transfers resulting from certain defined property transactions) should be registered within 6 to 12 weeks (42 to 84 days) from the date of sale. Some conveyancers prefer to express the duration of transfers in months rather than weeks, and state that two to three months (60 to 90 days) represent a normal spectrum of duration for typical transfers. A model is then developed, based on PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Techniques), that determines the minimum and maximum duration that could reasonably be expected with regard to typical transfers. These periods are calculated as 35 days and 97 days respectively. A reasonable, "average" period for typical transfers is calculated as 63 days. Based on the above findings, the study recommends a duration of 60 to 70 days as a reasonable time span for typical transfers. This period constitutes a theoretical benchmark against which the duration of typical transfers may be measured. The thesis then proceeds to calculate the real duration of typical transfers, based on information regarding transfers that had actually been registered in South African deeds offices over a period of seven years and ten months. With the aid of electronic data it is calculated that typical transfers take an average of 90.15 days from conclusion of sale to date of registration. The median of duration is determined as 85 days and the mode as 70 days. A ten day incrementalX analysis reflects the ten day category of 61 to 70 days as the category in which the most typical transfers occur. Certain trends regarding the duration of transfers are established. Sectional title transfers are on average registered 1. 7 days faster than freehold transfers. A year-on-year comparison shows a reduction in the figure for average duration of typical transfers during the years 1995 to 1999, but average duration increases substantially in 2000 and 2001. In some deeds registries transfers are on average registered faster than in others, but no relationship is found between the volume of registrations in a particular deeds office and the average duration of these transfers. A relationship is found to exist, however, between the price bracket of a property and the duration of the transfer. Broadly speaking it can be said that the higher the price, the shorter the duration of the transfer. At first glance it appears that, generally speaking, transfers actually take as long -or ·as short- as they are in theory supposed to take. Further analysis show, however, that a mere 35.28% of typical transfers are registered within 70 days or less. Only 54.46% of typical transfers take 90 days or less to register. The fact that so many actual registrations fail to meet the theoretical standards described in the study leads to tre conclusion that the unfavourable perception about the duration of transfers has some merit. The thesis recommends that conveyancers use the findings of the study as management tools in the day to day management of their conveyancing practices. A follow- on study that addresses the unfavourable perception about the duration of transfers in more detail is also recommended.

Diplomová práce se skládá z pěti částí; každá má opodstatněný důvod a stanovený cíl. V první části teoreticko-metodologické jsem vyzvedla nejdůležitější kapitoly projektového řízení, které se prolínají do praxe. Bez znalostí teorie by ani nešlo takový velký projekt řídit a dovést do úspěšného konce. Nejvíce se opírám o splnění podmínky trojimperativu, procesu řízení projektů, a především organizování projektového týmu.

Section 5(1) of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 28 of 2002 stipulates that a prospecting and mining right granted in terms of the aforementioned Act and registered in terms of the Mining Titles Registration Act 16 of 1967 is a limited real right in respect of the mineral and the land to which it relates. Section 2(4) of the Mining Titles Registration Act 16 of 1967 determines that registration of a prospecting or mining right in terms of that act constitutes a limited real right binding on third parties. Section 1 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 defines the effective date of a prospecting or mining right to be the date of execution thereof. In the judgement of the Minister of Mineral Resources and Others vs Mawetse (SA) Mining Corporation (Pty) Ltd, the Supreme Court of Appeal through Majiedt, J held that a prospecting right, and by implication a mining right, becomes enforceable on date of approval of the environmental management programme related to such right. In practice the approval of an environmental management programme occurs on date of execution. Considering this judgement and legislative provisions, it is obvious that a contradiction exist as to when a prospecting or mining right becomes enforceable against third parties such as landowners. The common law principle with regard to limited real rights are that limited real rights become enforceable upon registration against third parties on the basis that such registration serves as publication to the public of its existence and enforceability. The question arises whether the nature of prospecting or mining rights as limited real rights has changed from the aforementioned common law principle through the enactment of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 on whether the aforementioned act and the Mining Titles Registration Act 16 of 1967 incorporate this common law principle into the aforementioned legislation. The Mawetse - judgement deviates from both the provisions of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 and the aforementioned common law principle. It also deviated from previous case law which held that prospecting- and by implication mining rights are contractual in nature, by finding that they are the result of unilateral administrative action. If contractual in nature, it is arguable that prospecting or mining rights become enforceable on date of registration through the common law principles underpinning enforceability of limited real rights and if the result of unilateral administrative action, in terms of the Mawetse - judgement becomes enforceable on date of approval of the environmental management programme, which coincides with the date of execution. It is of importance to ascertain whether prospecting and mining rights are contractual in nature, the result of unilateral administrative action or hybrid of both to answer the question whether they are enforceable as limited real right before registration or only upon registration. The methodology to answer these questions entails a critical case study of the Mawetse - judgement and an analysis of the interpretation of statutory and common law. This dissertation will explore when prospecting and mining rights become enforceable against third parties such as landowners and secondary thereto, whether they are contractual in nature, the result of unilateral administrative action or a hybrid of both, in order to answer the primary and secondary questions that arise from the aforementioned. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Public Law / LLM / Unrestricted

The topic of this thesis is registration of image sequences captured by experimental ophthalmoscope. It contains anatomical description of the visual system as well as the description of functions of selected ophthalmoscopic devices. The next covered topic is theoretical summary of registration process, which is followed by an overview of the used methods, which forms the basis of the design and implementation of the registration algorithm in the Python programming language. After implementation, the accuracy and computational complexity of a registration was evaluated. Tests of optimalization of the proposed approach were performed with regards to the obtained results, through which sufficiently accurate registration has been achieved, evaluated on the basis of Euclidean distances, standard deviation and visual observation. In case of high-quality recorded sequences, values of Euclidean distances ranged from 0.60 to 4.07 pixels on the contrary, values higher than 20 pixels occurred in the case of poor-quality recordings. Standard deviation values in recordings with high enough resolution have not reached worse results than 4.12.

Nuclear fuel is visually inspected during regular shutdowns in order to monitor defects and long-term changes. To enable automatic comparison of images of fuel assemblies, it is crucial to perform their registration, the implementation of which has not yet been published in the scientific literature. In this work we present an analysis of image registration techniques and similarity metrics inspired by the focus operators used in autofocus and shape-from-focus. Their performance has been evaluated using a series of experiments that tested their various properties on a novel data set obtained in cooperation with the research organization Centrum výzkumu Řež. Finally, we present and discuss the results and make recommendations on which to use in which scenario.

The system used for the taxing of dividends in South Africa (SA) has been subject to constant reform over the past two decades. The stated objective for each reformation process has remained constant since 1986, which is to align SA with international tax norms and to encourage investment into the SA economy. In the 2007 budget, the Minister of Finance announced that the new dividends tax legislation would replace the Secondary Tax on Companies (STC) legislation. STC was considered to be a complex tax system, which was only used by SA and a handful of other countries. Therefore it was difficult for foreign investors to understand the technical aspects of STC. These complexities deterred foreign investors from investing in South Africa. Dividends tax, on the other hand, is a withholding tax which is levied at a shareholder level. It is easily understood and internationally recognised. The South African Government indicated that the objective for the introduction and implementation of dividends tax in SA was to make SA a more attractive investment destination by aligning the South African system used for the taxing of dividends with internationally recognised systems. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not there are any tax incentives or benefits included in the dividends tax legislation which will encourage foreign investors to consider SA as a potential investment destination. The study is based on an extensive literature review, the exploration of STC and dividends tax legislation and also incorporate the views of previous academic research performed on this subject. This study has established that foreign investors will benefit from the implementation of dividends tax in SA. The benefits for foreign investors are not necessarily embedded in the dividends tax legislation, but there are still benefits that can be enjoyed from applying this type of system for the taxing of dividends declared and distributed. The objective for the implementation of dividends tax was to align SA with international tax norms and to encourage investment in SA. This study has revealed that the introduction of dividends tax has achieved this objective. It further established that the legislation is not particularly partial towards one type of shareholder or investor but rather that dividends tax strives to increase investment opportunities in order to stimulate growth in SA. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lmchunu2014 / Taxation / unrestricted

fMRI imaging is considered key on the understanding of the brain and the mind, for this reason has been the subject of tremendous research connecting different disciplines. The intrinsic complexity of this 4-D type of data processing and analysis has been approached with every single computational perspective, lately increasing the trend to include artificial intelligence. One step critical on the fMRI pipeline is image registration. A model of Deep Networks based on Fully Convolutional Neural Networks, spatial transformation neural networks with a self-learning strategy was proposed for the implementation of a Fully deformable model image registration algorithm. Publicly available fMRI datasets with images from real-life subjects were used for training, testing and validating the model. The model performance was measured in comparison with ANTs deformable registration method with good results suggesting that Deep Learning can be used successfully for the development of the field using the basic strategy of studying the brain using the brain-self strategies.

Magister Legum - LLM / International law explains the significance of the right to a birth certificate,1 birth registration and what it means to be a national of a specific state.2 International law also explains how important the right to birth registration is and how it has historically been connected to the right to nationality.3 Legal scholars have over the years provided insights as to how international and national law can best address the right to birth registration.4 In South Africa the DHA does not issue birth certificates to children born to undocumented non-South Africans or documented non-South Africans with both parents holders of foreign documentation with the exception of non-South Africans with permanent residential permit.

This study focuses on children's right to birth registration in Zimbabwe. The research focuses on a children's rights based approach to birth registration and interrogates the government's adherence to article 6(2) of the African Children's Charter. Key recommendations are drawn from best practices in other jurisdictions and international human rights standards. / Mini Dissertation (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Centre for Human Rights / LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa) / Unrestricted