BACKGROUND:Subspecies B1 human adenoviruses (HAdV-B1) are prevalent respiratory pathogens. Compared to their species C (HAdV-C) counterparts, relatively little work has been devoted to the characterization of their unique molecular biology. The early region 3 (E3) transcription unit is an interesting target for future efforts because of its species-specific diversity in genetic content among adenoviruses. This diversity is particularly significant for the subset of E3-encoded products that are membrane glycoproteins and may account for the distinct pathobiology of the different human adenovirus species. In order to understand the role of HAdV-B-specific genes in viral pathogenesis, we initiated the characterization of unique E3 genes. As a continuation of our efforts to define the function encoded in the highly polymorphic ORF E3-10.9K and testing the hypothesis that the E3-10.9K protein orthologs with a hydrophobic domain contribute to the efficient release of viral progeny, we generated HAdV-3 mutant viruses unable to express E3-10.9K ortholog E3-9K and examined their ability to grow, disseminate, and egress in cell culture.RESULTS:No differences were observed in the kinetics of infected cell death, and virus progeny release or in the plaque size and dissemination phenotypes between cells infected with HAdV-3 E3-9K mutants or the parental virus. The ectopic expression of E3-10.9K orthologs with a hydrophobic domain did not compromise cell viability.CONCLUSIONS:Our data show that despite the remarkable similarities with HAdV-C E3-11.6K, HAdV-B1 ORF E3-10.9K does not encode a product with a "death-like" biological activity.

Adenovirus humanos são responsáveis por infecção respiratória aguda (IRA) em crianças e adultos, sendo os das espécies B e C mais frequêntes. Com o objetivo de estudar a variabilidade genética de HAdVs, 3087 amostras de aspirado de nasofaringe foram colhidas de crianças, em São Paulo, de 1995 à 2006. A PCR direcionada ao gene VA-RNA detectou 677 adenovírus (22%). O sequenciamento dos genes hexon, fibra e região E3 foram utilizados para determinar os sorotipos e estudar sua variabilidade genética. Dos 677 adenovírus, 69% são da espécie B, 23% da C e 0,7% da E. Variabilidades genéticas foram observadas em todas as regiões estudadas, por meio de mutações, evidenciadas por substituições, recombinações e deleções. Os genes que apresentaram maior variabilidade foram VA-RNA e E3 ORF7.7. Genomas virais de DNA, como dos adenovírus, podem se manter estáveis em condições diversas, contudo, a pressão sofrida por esses genomas, através da resposta imunológica do hospedeiro, fazem com que seu mecanismos evolutivos entrem em operação e variabilidades genéticas sejam observadas. / Human adenoviruses (HAdV) cause acute respiratory disease (ARD) in children and adults, being the adenovirus from species B and C the most frequently detected. With the aim of study the genetic variability of HAdV, 3087 nasopharyngeal aspirate were collected from children in São Paulo, from 1995 to 2006. PCR assay directed to adenovirus VA-RNA gene detected 677 HAdV (22%). Sequencing of the hexon and fiber genes and the E3 region were done to determine the serotypes and study genetic variability. Among the 677 adenoviruses detected 69 % were classified as species B, 23% as species C and 0,7 % as species E. Genetic variability was observed in all studied region, specially at the 7.7Orf of the E3 region and the VA-RNA gene. Genetic modifications were observed as recombination, substitutions and deletions. It is known that viral DNA genomes, as adenovirus, remain genetically stable under a variety of conditions, however, the pressure of the host on these viruses make that their evolutionary mechanisms come to operation and genetic variability are observed.

Adenovirus humanos são responsáveis por infecção respiratória aguda (IRA) em crianças e adultos, sendo os das espécies B e C mais frequêntes. Com o objetivo de estudar a variabilidade genética de HAdVs, 3087 amostras de aspirado de nasofaringe foram colhidas de crianças, em São Paulo, de 1995 à 2006. A PCR direcionada ao gene VA-RNA detectou 677 adenovírus (22%). O sequenciamento dos genes hexon, fibra e região E3 foram utilizados para determinar os sorotipos e estudar sua variabilidade genética. Dos 677 adenovírus, 69% são da espécie B, 23% da C e 0,7% da E. Variabilidades genéticas foram observadas em todas as regiões estudadas, por meio de mutações, evidenciadas por substituições, recombinações e deleções. Os genes que apresentaram maior variabilidade foram VA-RNA e E3 ORF7.7. Genomas virais de DNA, como dos adenovírus, podem se manter estáveis em condições diversas, contudo, a pressão sofrida por esses genomas, através da resposta imunológica do hospedeiro, fazem com que seu mecanismos evolutivos entrem em operação e variabilidades genéticas sejam observadas. / Human adenoviruses (HAdV) cause acute respiratory disease (ARD) in children and adults, being the adenovirus from species B and C the most frequently detected. With the aim of study the genetic variability of HAdV, 3087 nasopharyngeal aspirate were collected from children in São Paulo, from 1995 to 2006. PCR assay directed to adenovirus VA-RNA gene detected 677 HAdV (22%). Sequencing of the hexon and fiber genes and the E3 region were done to determine the serotypes and study genetic variability. Among the 677 adenoviruses detected 69 % were classified as species B, 23% as species C and 0,7 % as species E. Genetic variability was observed in all studied region, specially at the 7.7Orf of the E3 region and the VA-RNA gene. Genetic modifications were observed as recombination, substitutions and deletions. It is known that viral DNA genomes, as adenovirus, remain genetically stable under a variety of conditions, however, the pressure of the host on these viruses make that their evolutionary mechanisms come to operation and genetic variability are observed.