<p><em>Aim</em><p>The aim of this study has been to determine the economic impact on the local economy of a large scale international sporting event, namely the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup in Levi, Finland. In addition, it seeks to investigate the regional origins of visitors to the event and the relationship between residence and expenditure.</p><em><p>Method</p></em><p>The methodology consisted of two key stages: the estimation of visitor expenditure and the calculation of the economic impact of this. Information about visitor expenditure and background was collected by survey on site during the event. This has been additionally completed with interviews with key persons associated with the event concerning organizational and infrastructure spending.</p><em><p>Results</p></em><p>The results of the survey indicate that the event gives a direct boost of an estimate of six and a half million Euros to the local economy. When taking into consideration the tourism multipliers for the area the total economic impact of the event ranges between 7,5 and 9,5 million Euros. Additionally the results also point out a clear relationship between the residence and expenditure of the event visitors.</p><em><p>Conclusions</p></em><p>The results of the economic impact can be used by the Organization Committee as a tool to show and justify future investments with public funding. Additionally the background and origins of the attendees gives a great deal of information for the people behind the marketing and sponsorship strategies. Further studies regarding the calculation of specific factors within economic impact studies would though be greatly needed.</p></p><p> </p>

AimThe aim of this study has been to determine the economic impact on the local economy of a large scale international sporting event, namely the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup in Levi, Finland. In addition, it seeks to investigate the regional origins of visitors to the event and the relationship between residence and expenditure. Method The methodology consisted of two key stages: the estimation of visitor expenditure and the calculation of the economic impact of this. Information about visitor expenditure and background was collected by survey on site during the event. This has been additionally completed with interviews with key persons associated with the event concerning organizational and infrastructure spending. Results The results of the survey indicate that the event gives a direct boost of an estimate of six and a half million Euros to the local economy. When taking into consideration the tourism multipliers for the area the total economic impact of the event ranges between 7,5 and 9,5 million Euros. Additionally the results also point out a clear relationship between the residence and expenditure of the event visitors. Conclusions The results of the economic impact can be used by the Organization Committee as a tool to show and justify future investments with public funding. Additionally the background and origins of the attendees gives a great deal of information for the people behind the marketing and sponsorship strategies. Further studies regarding the calculation of specific factors within economic impact studies would though be greatly needed.

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3 pp. / Estimates economic impacts of Cooperative Extension's involvement in collaborative rangeland management efforts with a rancher and federal agencies for a Northern Arizona grazing allotment.

No / As the prevalence and incidence of wounds are predicted to increase due to an ageing population with increasing comorbidities, reducing the burden of wounds by optimising healing is seen as a key factor in lowering wound care costs. Inappropriate or delayed treatment adversely affects the time to wound healing, impacting quality of life, and increasing the burden on patients, their families and carers, society and the health economy. Identifying non-healing wounds is vital to cost reduction. Failure to recognise wounds not progressing towards healing increases the subsequent risk of non-healing and places the patient at unnecessary increased risk of wound complications.

Transportation planners, engineers, and administrators face the difficult tasks of prioritizing and justifying proposed investments in transportation infrastructure, particularly as government budgets tighten and alternative investments compete for public funding. One means by which professionals can prioritize and justify large transportation investments is by describing how a proposed project will impact an area’s economy in terms of creating new jobs, raising aggregate income, and increasing business revenues. The report begins by examining the general impact of transportation investments on economic development. Then it surveys various methods and tools that have been proposed for estimating economic impacts. Among these, the TREDIS economic impact model is selected and used to estimate the economic impacts of a current interstate highway project in Texas. / text

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Class of 2008 Abstract / Objectives: To determine the ecomomic impact of recurrent coagulopathy with crotaline envenomation, using the current standard of care (crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom), and establish a model of pharmacoeconmic assessment for future studies. Methods: Design of recurrent coagulopathy cost assessment tool including payor costs and patient costs. Using medical and medical billing references, government websites, business websites, and published studies, determine average costs for major variables affecting the cost of recurrent coagulopathy to the payor and the patient. Results: A prospective study has been designed to take place during the historic height of Arizona snake bite season in 2008. Conclusions: Based on previous studies of recurrent coagulopathy an estimated 45-53% of crotaline envenomation patients can expect to experience recurrent coagulopathy after treatment with crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom. The economic impact to the payor is expected to be high with laboratory costs of $49.45 each, doctor visits costing $66.02, emergency room visits costing $351, and $3563.75 per vial of crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom. Historically the cost of recurrent coagulopathy to the patient has not been evaluated. Considering lost wages, transportation to and from medical care, and the cost of additional household help and child care, this cost is expected to be great enough to adversely impact individuals and families.

Economic impacts of research that developed Rosette virus-resistant peanut in Uganda are estimated, including the impacts on poverty. The impacts of technology on the cost of production at the household level are determined. This information is used to compute aggregate benefits in an economic surplus model. A probit model is used to identify the determinants of adoption using household data. Information regarding the determinants of adoption is combined with impacts of technology on the cost of production to identify income changes for adopting households. Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures are used to project changes in poverty for households that adopt. It is estimated that the poverty rate will decline by 1.3 percent as a result of the research. / Master of Science

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