This thesis deals with the issue of interoperability of electronic toll systems in road transport. The first chapter contains basic information from the charging of infrastructure with a focus on technology EFC systems. The second chapter focuses on chosen toll systems. The third chapter is focused on the European Electronic Toll Service and the basic concepts of interoperability. The fourth chapter is a key part dealing with interoperable EFC systems in Europe. The final part of this thesis evaluates this topic and summarizes the basic knowledge, while also evaluates the state of charging infrastructure in the Czech Republic and its possibility of development in the field of interoperability EFC.

Práce se zabývá ekonomickou analýzou výkonového zpoplatnění komunikací v ČR. Poukazuje na špatnou koncepci Ministerstva dopravy ČR pro systém elektronického mýta a nevýhodně uzavřenou smlouvu s firmou Kapsch. Vytváří nový koncept a kritéria výběru technologie pro další výkonové zpoplatňování komunikací v budoucnu s využitím již stávajícího mikrovlnného systému.

Graduation theses has the ambition to analyse financial standing of farming business in years 2001 - 2007 . On the basis of financial analysis I make financial plan for next three years. For financial planning is used the EFC model. The financial plan is created in optimistic, pessimistic and alternative version.

The thesis deals with electronic fee collection systems and their interoperability within European Electronic Toll Service. It closely looks on future of Czech EFC system with scope on dealing with obligations of European Electronic Toll Service legislation. In the first part the basic terms of EFC systems are described and basic technologies to be used within EFC systems are explained. The second part then deals with European Electronic Toll Service matters, its legislation and present stage of implementation. In the third part, there are specific technological applications on national EFC systems of chosen European Union countries described. The last part closely describes Czech EFC system, its history, present and its possible future outcomes.

This paper presents the early-stage simulation results of linear dark field control (LDFC) as a new approach to maintaining a stable dark hole within a stellar post-coronagraphic PSF. In practice, conventional speckle nulling is used to create a dark hole in the PSF, and LDFC is then employed to maintain the dark field by using information from the bright speckle field. The concept exploits the linear response of the bright speckle intensity to wavefront variations in the pupil, and therefore has many advantages over conventional speckle nulling as a method for stabilizing the dark hole. In theory, LDFC is faster, more sensitive, and more robust than using conventional speckle nulling techniques, like electric field conjugation, to maintain the dark hole. In this paper, LDFC theory, linear bright speckle characterization, and first results in simulation are presented as an initial step toward the deployment of LDFC on the UA Wavefront Control testbed in the coming year.

This paper deals with road charging. Especially reasons, goals and possible ways of road charging, EFC systems and their applications in telematics are described. The second part of this paper is dedicated to road charging system in Austria with its instrument and future trends.

This diploma thesis is about description and analysis of urban traffic. First part of this work is focused on subsystems of urban public transport, categorization and description of the external costs in road transport and possible ways of charging. Electronic toll systems, their legal framework, the basic architecture, applied technologies and their interoperability and standardization are described. The final and main part of this work is devoted to a description and evaluation of urban toll systems in three Norwegian cities: Oslo, Trondheim and Bergen.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 castardeli_e_dr_botfm.pdf: 233121 bytes, checksum: 2fe290e0c192f7cb3cf49167a9c2a189 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O efeito da exposição à fumaça de cigarro (EFC) tem sido extensivamente estudado; entretanto, os efeitos diretos cardíacos da fumaça de cigarro despertam menos atenção. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as alterações cardíacas estruturais e funcionais causadas pela EFC, em ratos e, analisar a influência do tempo de EFC na remodelação ventricular. Material e método Ratos Wistar adultos foram alocados em dois grupos: controle (C, n=43), subdividido em dois grupos, controle dois meses (C2, n=25), controle seis meses (C6, n=18) e grupo fumante (F, n=47), igualmente, subdivididos em dois grupos, fumante dois meses (F2, n=22) e fumante seis meses (F6, n=25), que foram expostos à fumaça de cigarro, respectivamente por períodos de dois e seis meses. Todos os animais foram pesados e tiveram mensurado na cauda a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS). A função cardíaca foi estudada pelo método ecocardiográfico (in vivo) e pelo método do coração isolado (in vitro) contraindo isovolumetricamente. Resultados Não houve diferença significante no peso do corpo (PC) entre os grupos controle e fumante. Foram observados valores maiores para o átrio esquerdo (AE), com p=0,005, entre os grupos C e o grupo F, para o AE, corrigido pelo peso do corpo (AE/PC), com p=0,001 e índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (IMVE), com p=0,048. Foi observada interação estatística significante para o diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (DDVE), corrigido pelo peso do corpo dos animais (DDVE/PC), com diferença (p=0,023) entre o grupo C e o grupo F, também, com diferença (p=0,048) entre o grupo dois meses e o grupo seis meses e valores diferentemente (p=0,010) entre fumantes e o tempo de exposição ao fumo. Para PAS, foi observada diferença significante na análise da PAS caudal nos grupos C2 e C6 (valores menores) em comparação... / The vascular effects of exposure to smoke of cigarettes have been extensively studied; however, the cardiac effects of tobacco smoke deserved less attention. The aim of this study was to determine the cardiac structural and functional alterations caused by cigarette smoke exposure in rats and analyse the influence to time of exposure to smoke of cigarettes in remodeling ventricular. Material and Methods - Adult Wistar rats were allocated into two groups: control (C, n=43), separated into two sub-groups, two months control (C2, n=25), six months control (C6, n=18) and exposed to tobacco smoke (S, n=47), equally, separated in two sub-groups, two months exposed to tobacco smoke (S2, n=22) and six months exposed to tobacco smoke (S6, n=25), repectively per period into two months and six month. All animals were weighed and had the tail cuff systolic arterial pressure (SAP) measured. The cardiac function was studied study by echocardiogram method (in vivo) and by isolated isovolumetrically beating heart method (in vitro). Results - There was no significant difference in body weight (BW) between groups control and exposed to tobacco smoke. Higher values were found for left atrium (LA), with p=0,005, between groups C and grup S, by LA, adjusted for BW, with p=0,001 and left ventricular mass index, with p=0,048. There was statistically significant interaction by left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD), adjusted for BW into animals (LVDD/BW), with difference significant (p=0,023) between group C e o group F, also, with difference (p=0,048) between group two months and o grupo six months and, values differently (p=0,010) between smoking and exposure to tobacco load. There was systolic arterial pressure (SAP), to the difference significant the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Electronic Fuel Control (EFC) valve regulates fuel flow to the injector fuel supply line in the Cummins Pressure Time (PT) fuel system. The EFC system controls the fuel flow by means of a variable orifice that is electrically actuated. The supplier of the EFC valves inspects all parts before they are sent out. Their inspection test results provide a characteristic curve which shows the relationship between pressure and current provided to the EFC valve. This curve documents the steady state characteristics of the valve but does not adequately capture its dynamic response. A dynamic test procedure is developed in order to evaluate the performance of the EFC valves. The test itself helps to understand the effects that proposed design changes will have on the stability of the overall engine system. A by product of this test is the ability to evaluate returned EFC valves that have experienced stability issues. The test determines whether an EFC valve is faulted or not before it goes out to prime time use. The characteristics of a good valve and bad valve can be observed after the dynamic test. In this thesis, a mathematical model has been combined with experimental research to investigate and understand the behavior of the characteristics of different types of EFC valves. The model takes into account the dynamics of the electrical and mechanical portions of the EFC valves. System Identification has been addressed to determine the transfer functions of the different types of EFC valves that were experimented. Methods have been used both in frequency domain as well as time domain. Also, based on the characteristic patterns exhibited by the EFC valves, fuzzy logic has been implemented for the use of pattern classification.

The goal of the thesis is to give reader a detailed description of the Czech electronic toll system with emphasis to the potential future system development and infrastructure toll extension. The National Transportation Policy, legislative framework concerning the infrastructure tolling, and particular European toll systems are described in the first part of the thesis. Within the other part of the thesis, the reader is given a simplified cost-profit model of future toll extension efficiency to evaluate the optimal outcome of the toll extension.