In the Information and Communications Technology era, eGovernment projects present a great opportunity for governments to offer better and quicker services to their users from the public. However, the success and the failure of these projects to achieve the expected goals depend heavily on some important aspects, mainly websites usability. The research in this thesis focuses on the usability of eGovernment websites in Jordan as a case study, as it is one of the developing countries facing problems due to websites usability. Hence, the main aim of the research was to investigate the situation of the Jordanian eGovernment websites with a view to improving usability, as well as to propose a roadmap to reinforce websites usability in order to achieve better utilisation and a more successful eGovernment project in Jordan. This research work achievement and major contributions have been accomplished through three stages; the first stage investigated the level of usability of eGovernment in Jordan from a manager‟s perspective. The study for this stage involved a sample of 37 managers who are in charge of managing and maintaining eGovernment projects in Jordan. The research revealed that the main problems undermining Jordanian eGovernment usability are the lack of the general usability awareness amongst management, the lack of clear usability standards and guidelines, the insufficient level of end-user involvement in the process of design and maintenance of eGovernment services, limited budgets and the lack of expert web-designers. The second stage was to build a clear overview about the status of eGovernment websites usability in Jordan by investigating main aspects related to design that affect the success of eGovernment websites in Jordan from an end-user‟s perspective. The study for this stage involved 155 participants for testing five Jordanian eGovernment websites. It was revealed that the Jordanian eGovernment websites generally do not have a high level of usability, and that there is a lack of understanding of the needs and requirements of the end-users. In addition, the study discovered a lack of testing and monitoring of the websites, a lack of involvement of end-users, poor collaboration and coordination among government agencies, poor standardisation, and lack of trust/satisfaction. The outcome from the early mentioned studies was used in the third stage, which has been used to establish the model to improve the usability of eGovernment websites in Jordan through a clear roadmap. The model has four components: website manager and designer, end-users, usability committee (advisory, executive), design process (usability requirements, pre-implementation test, post-implementation and maintenance). The model which was established and evaluated can be very beneficial for promoting eGovernment websites usability, in Jordan particularly and in other countries with similar backgrounds and situations.

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The use of internet and other communication technology has become predominantly common in the life of normal sighted users. In order to have a fair level of equality in the society, blind people must also be able to use these facilities with equal ease and effectiveness Many governments decided to implement e-Government applications to enhance the delivery of information and services to its citizens, residents and businesses. These e-Government applications were carefully designed with the help of international standards to serve the whole group of population and especially people with disabilities. However, recent studies showed that the acceptance rate of these e Government applications among the community, especially between people with disability, is not up to the expectations. The aim of this research is to investigate the accessibility issues faced by blind people while interacting with online services like e-Government portals Owing to the nature of content and the importance of information which is to be delivered to the whole country, the accessibility standards of such portals are of paramount importance. It is this idea of evaluation of such websites for special category of blind people that has been the main focus of this thesis. The main aim of this doctoral research is to discover any accessibility problems that could be faced by people with blind users during online interaction and not covered in accessibility standards. A real example of online interaction is the e-Government portals. This research followed a rigours tri-staged evaluation process for a selected e-Government portal (Saudi Arabian portal) to analyse the accessibility issues faced by blind people. The aim of this evaluation process is to understand the cognition and perception of a blind user while interacting with a web-based environment. The first step of the evaluation process was to verify the level of adherence of the selected portal to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). The second stage includes a detailed experimental exercise with a number of blind people following the task- oriented approach. The third step of the evaluation process was a detailed interview with web designers to analyse the problems faced by blind participants in the experimental exercise. Thereafter, cognitive-based solutions were proposed to improve the accessibility of online interaction for blind users and fill the gap in the accessibility standards. The introduction of navigational landmarks and the insertion of virtual map description improve the navigation and hence the performance of blind users. The proposed solution has been tested with a separate group of blind users to validate the research findings and to ensure the desired level of accessibility of the e-Government portals is achieved.

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The thesis deals with the topic of eGovernment and services provided within eGovernment in the Czech Republic. The aim is to describe the present eGovernment possibilities and to focus more closely on the analysis of the Public Administration Portal. The analysis serves as a foundation for proposing improvements to the Portal, including basic interface design. All changes are sufficiently backed by arguments. The second chapter introduces the basics of eGovernment and the history of eGovernment in the Czech Republic. The third chapter summarizes basic conditions for the existence and realistic functioning of effective eGovernment. The fourth chapter describes selected important eGovernment services. The fifth chapter describes selected duties of a company that are dependent on the existence of eGovernment services. In the sixth chapter an analysis of Public Administration Portal itself is done. The structure of the Portal itself and displaying information on mobile devices are covered as well. Furthermore, possible changes and extensions to the Portal are proposed so that the Portal may become a real gateway to eGovernment services. In the seventh chapter it is possible to find the summary of findings, thesis contributions and assessment of their usability.

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This paper analyzes the level of life situations of a citizen of the Slovak Republic in connection with data by e-mail. One of the aims of this work is to familiarize readers with the level and availability of the systems of public administration of the Slovak Republic, the concept data e-mailboxes and provides a comparison of this area with other countries. To meet this goal, I will use the available information about data repositories in Slovakia and abroad. The main objective of this work is to describe the situation chosen from the real world (which we can understand as a service) encountered by citizens in relation to the application of a data e-mailbox in Slovakia. This service is by modeling processes analyzed in order to determine the level of friendliness in relation to the user. The reader learns how to deal with if it wants to use the services associated with data e-mail. It will then be informed on what level the user interface and functionality of the services. Our experience is a proposal for improving data e-mailbox in Slovakia, given the lessons learned from the comparison with the countries of Germany and Sweden. Contribution of the work I see familiar readers with the level of data and application availability e-mailbox Slovak Republic. Slovak citizens obtain information how to deal with if it wants to use the services associated with data e-mail Slovakia, and last but not least, I can see the benefits for the Slovak Republic, which it can use Suggestions for improving data e-mailbox in the process of development of ICT in public administration and government.

Tato práce je zaměřena na časové razítko a jeho využití ve službách eGovernmentu. Práce je souhrnným materiálem, který poskytuje všechny relevantní informace z různých oblastí k aplikaci řešení časového razítka v eGovernmentu.

The diploma thesis deals with eGovernment in Czech Republic. Development of eGovernment is impressed with especially development of information technologies and information society. In Czech Republic it began develop in 90's of 20th century. At the moment, it is rapidly expanding. This diploma thesis will introduce historical development of eGovernment and its present condition. It will pay a special attention to the legal regulations, which is one of important aspects at its development. Further it will introduce individual projects of electronization in public administration, which influence level of eGovernment. Consequently diploma thesis deals with levels of eGovernment in Czech Republic with compare of European states.

Yes / The continuous use of eGovernment services is a de facto for its prosperity and success. A generalised sense of citizens' self-efficacy, expectations, and satisfaction offer opportunities for governments to further retain needed engagements. This study examines the factors influencing citizens' continuance use of eGovernment services. Through the integration of Social Cognitive Theory, Expectation Confirmation Theory, DeLone and McLean IS success model, and E-S-QUAL, a survey of 471 citizens in the UK, engaging in online public services, found that prior experience, social influence, information quality, and service quality, personal outcome expectation, and satisfaction, are significant predictors of citizens' intention to use eGovernment, when they are regulated, through citizens' self-efficacy. The present study extends the roles of pre-adoption and post-adoption by offering a self-regulating process. Therefore, it demonstrates how critical it is for the government's leaders to understand the patterns of the long-term process for electronic systems continually. / There is a corrigendum for this paper at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101492. Elvira Ismagilova was not included as an author on the original record when she should have been.