Chen, Fan. / "October 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-91). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.III / 摘要 --- p.IV / ACKNOWLEDGENTS --- p.V / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VI / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.VIII / LIST OF TABLES --- p.X / SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS --- p.XI / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Mass spectrometry in proteomics --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Ionization --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Ions in ICR --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Ions excitation and detection --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Tandem mass spectrometry --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Electron capture dissociation --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Features ofECD --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Two popular mechanisms for ECD --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- The Cornell mechanism --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- The Utah-Washington mechanism --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Recombination energy --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of the present work --- p.21 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- INSTRUMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTAL --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Vacuum system --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Nanospray system --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Ion transfer system --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Infinity´ёØ cell --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Electron emission source --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Data acquisition system --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2 --- Experimental --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Simple ESI acquisition pulse program --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- ESI-ECD acquisition pulse program --- p.35 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- FRAGMENTATION OF MODEL PEPTIDE IONS IN DIFFERENT CHARGE STATES UNDER ECD CONDITIONS --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2. --- Experimental --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sequence design and sample preparation --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- ECD under fourier-transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometer --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- General features of ECD spectra --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- ECD of RRRR --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- ECD of KKKK --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effect of charge state of precursor ions --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of proton carriers --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Effect of proton carrier location --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.60 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- EFFECT OF PRECURSOR ION HETEROGENEITY ON ECD FRAGMENTATION --- p.62 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2 --- Method --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Preferential dissociation index --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Precursor ion heterogeneity --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- PDI in model peptides --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- PIH and PDI in RRRR and KKKK --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- PDI and PIH in two-lysine containing peptides --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- PDI and PIH in other peptides --- p.80 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.82 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.83 / References --- p.85 / Chapter Appendix I: --- Pulse program for simple MS and MS/MS experiment --- p.92 / Chapter (A) --- Simple ESI FT-ICR MS experiment --- p.92 / Chapter (B) --- ESI ECD FT-ICR MS experiment --- p.95 / Chapter Appendix II: --- ECD spectra of AC-XAAAXAAAXAAAX-NH2 peptide series in different charge states --- p.99 / Chapter Appendix III: --- The PDI of the hypothetic peptide --- p.110 / Chapter Appendix IV: --- The PIH among the investigated system --- p.111

Fung Yun Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-140). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.I / Acknowledgement --- p.III / Contents --- p.IV / List of Figure captions --- p.VIII / List of Table captions --- p.XIII / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theory and Applications / Chapter 2.1 --- Principle of field emission / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The Fowler-Nordheim Theory --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Field emission from metals --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Field emission from semiconductors --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Advantages and limitations of silicon --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Application of the Fowler-Nordheim theory --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Factors influencing field emission efficiency --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Applications --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Operation of a Field Emission Displays --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Basic structure of a Field Emission Displays --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Parameters relevant to applications --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- The fabrication processes --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- The anisotropic wet etching method --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- The isotropic wet etching method --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Field emission from coating materials --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Coating enhancement --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Diamond and diamond-like films --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- Metallic coatings --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3.4 --- Porous silicon coatings --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3.5 --- Silicon carbide coatings --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Fabrication of field emitters with gate --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Sample Preparation and Characterization Methods / Chapter 3.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2 --- The fabrication process / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Isotropic etching of silicon / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- The anodization process --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Porous silicon formation --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Anistropic etching of silicon --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- The sputtering system --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- The MEVVA Ion Source Implanter --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3 --- Characterization Methods / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Field emission measurement / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Vacuum requirements --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Testing system / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Fluctuation of field emission --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Fabrication of Silicon Tips and their field emission charateristics / Chapter 4.1 --- The anodization etching process / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.40 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Experimental details --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Results and Discussions / Chapter 4.1.3.1 --- N type (100) sample --- p.45 / Chapter 4.1.3.2 --- Ntype(lll) sample --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1.3.3 --- Fluctuations of the emission current --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1.3.4 --- The effect of Concentration of HF solution on First Step Anodization --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1.3.5 --- The effect of the Concentration of HF solution on Second Step Anodization --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1.3.6 --- Gated silicon field emitter --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Conclusions --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2 --- Anisotropic texturing process / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Experimental details --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Results and Discussions --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3 --- Formation of Porous Silicon Layer on silicon / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Experimental details --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Results and Discussions --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.100 / Chapter 4.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.101 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Improvement in the field emission characteristics of the silicon tips upon coating with low work function materials / Chapter 5.1 --- Amorphous carbon coating / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.102 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Experimental details --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Results and Discussions --- p.104 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Conclusion --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2 --- Silicon carbide coated Silicon emitter by MEWA / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Experimental details --- p.120 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Results and Discussions --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter 5.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.126 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.127 / Reference --- p.134 / List of publications --- p.140

The Kapitza-Dirac effect is similar to the canonical experiment on diffraction of electrons through slits in an opaque screen, except that the diffraction grating has been replaced by a standing wave of light. Remarkably, incident electrons are diffracted by the standing light wave almost as if by a standard diffraction grating. Only recently has this effect been confirmed experimentally in this form [1], although it was originally predicted by Kapitza and Dirac almost 70 years ago. This paper examines the relativistic effects involved in this phenomena using the formalism of quantum field theory.

Ab initio prediction of the electronic properties of solids is traditionally performed using groundstate Density Functional Theory. These methods are unreliable however, for a class of important problems involving weak attractive forces. These problems include (i) the energetics of hydrogen storage and metal interactions in graphene, (ii) cohesion properties of some polymer systems and (iii) possibly, the weak hydrophobic forces in biomolecules. For these cases a more powerful method than groundstate DFT are timedependent DFT (tdDFT) methods related to the Random-Phase Approximation (RPA). All of these methods proceed by looking at the dynamic density-density response function, whose long-ranged properties naturally lead to the weak forces referred to above. In this thesis we have tested these ideas by investigating electronic response and correlation on the predicted properties of spherical atoms. We have developed and tested a variety of approximations to the timedependent response function through approximations of the tdDFT class and a new method involving greater self-consistency in the screening equation, the inhomogenous STLS approach. Through the development of new methods and computer code, we have solved the response equation allowing us to test our approximations on atoms. Calculation of certain dynamic and static properties of a variety of atoms within our approximations generally agree well with known results. In this thesis we have calculated excitation energies of Helium, dipole polarisabilities and C6 van der Waals (vdW) coefficients of a variety of atoms, and groundstate correlation energies Ec of some atoms. The excitation spectra of Helium generated in our new PGG+c approximation are in good agreement with experiment. The dipole polarisabilities are generally in good agreement with known results, with the exception of Magnesium, Beryllium and Sodium. The C6 coefficients are a little poorer with the exception of Helium where they are nearly exact. Correlation energies are generally reasonable in the PGG+c approximation although they are considerably less accurate than the other properties we have calculated for all atoms other than He. The ISTLS correlation energy of Helium is within 5% suggesting that this method may perform well for larger atoms where our present numerical techniques require improvement. These generally positive results suggest that the approximations we have developed may be applied to more complicated systems such as those described above with good results.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 17, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Lawrence J. Varnerin, Jr., Sanborn C. Brown. / "May 24, 1950." / Bibliography: p. 14. / Army Signal Corps Contract No. W36-039-sc-32037 Project No. 102B Dept. of the Army Project No. 3-99-10-022

Manfred A. Biondi Sanborn C .Brown. / "August 3, 1949." / Bibliography: p. 6. / Army Signal Corps Contract No. W36-039-sc-32037 Project No. 102B Dept. of the Army Project No. 3-99-10-022

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-225). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, June, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-128)