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Interactions between moose, elk and buffalo in Elk Island National Park, AlbertaHolsworth, William Norton January 1960 (has links)
A study of the interactions between moose (Alces alces), elk (Cervus canadensis) and buffalo (Bison bison) was carried out during the summer of 1959 in Elk Island National Park, Alberta. The interactions studied were the possibility of competition for food and habitat, transmission of disease and dominance relations.
A description of the Park is given. The distribution, habitat selection and food habits of each of the three species are discussed. The greatest interaction between these animals occurs through their effects on the range.
Data, collected over the past years, on the incidence of brucellosis and its effect on the reproductive rate and health of the animals are presented. The high incidence of brucellosis in buffalo indicates that they are the source of the organism infecting moose and elk.
Buffalo were found to be dominant over moose and elk. The effects of the existing dominance relations could not be evaluated. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate
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Winter habitat selection and use of clearcuts by elk in the White River drainage of southeastern British ColumbiaChurchill, Brian Phillip January 1982 (has links)
This study of elk winter habitat selection was conducted from June 1975 to May 1977. Surveys were conducted from November to April to observe elk use of habitat, patterns of use within clearcuts, and elk reaction to human activities and vehicle traffic. Programmes of habitat mapping, vegetation description and pellet group counts were conducted during the rest of the study period.
The two winters of the study were mild. Snow depths never exceeded 45 cm, the depth hypothesized to initiate elk movement to areas of lower snowdepth. During these mild snow conditions elk selected clearcuts for feeding but utilized forested habitats for resting and escape cover. Subsequent studies in the same area (McLellan 1978) showed contrasting avoidance of clearcuts for two months during deep snow conditions where snowdepths exceeded 50 cm.
Within clearcuts elk were observed to select moderate slopes further than 200 m from active roads for feeding and resting. Feeding activities within clearcuts showed selection for ridges, grass/forb vegetation and burned areas. Elk showed varying responses to slash accumulations during feeding activity. Elk selected the largest clearcut site and no preference for areas near edge of clearcuts was shown. Elk showed a strong
avoidance reaction to human activity and vehicle traffic, fleeing to forest cover when disturbed. Recommendations for forest management are included. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate
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Influence of previous cattle and elk grazing on the subsequent diet quality and nutrient intake rate of cattle, deer, and elk grazing late-summer mixed-conifer rangelands /Damiran, Daalkhaijav. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.
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Economic considerations in managing Oregon Rocky Mountain elkSandrey, Ronald Albert 27 October 1982 (has links)
The size of elk herds in Eastern Oregon has become a controversial
issue. Trade-offs exist between the numbers of elk and domestic
livestock on a given area of land, and also between elk and commercial
timber harvesting policies. Disputes arise from differing views as
to proper use of the natural resource base, specifically, public
forested and grazing lands. Economic comparisons between elk and
alternative uses of the land are complicated by the non-market nature
of the elk resource, as this necessitates using a method to value the
resource which may not be familiar to many decision makers.
The objectives of this thesis were: (1) to analyze the demand
for antlerless elk tags in eastern Oregon and to use the analysis to
examine alternative pricing policies for allocating these antlerless
tags, (2) to evaluate alternative elk management strategies from an
economic perspective, and (3) to optimize societal benefits from the
land base over time.
Objective (1) was met by using the travel cost method. Results
indicate that state hunting revenues would rise substantially if tag
prices were increased so as to equilibrate quantities demanded and
supplied. Objective (2) was met by using a computer simulation model
to ascertain the impacts of harvesting and management policies upon
the herd's stability and productivity. The results, placing emphasis
on the antlerless animals, indicate that a slight reduction in current
herd levels is economically desirable. This result is caused in part
by the decreasing returns to scale from the elk herd as measured by
total harvest per 1000 summer adult elk. Limitations of these conclusions
with respect to bull elk demand are documented.
Finally, objective (3) is met by formulating the dynamic relationships
between elk, domestic livestock, and timber as a system of
dynamic Lagrangian multipliers. This allows optimal inter-temporal
allocation of resources by discounting future returns from these resources
and equating marginal benefits of present and future use. The
decision rules are examined, and economic implications of the multipliers
are discussed. Although a theoretical model, some data is discussed,
as are directions for future research. / Graduation date: 1983
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A TECHNIQUE TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL ELK HABITAT IN THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF ARIZONA.Kramer, Susan Spear. January 1983 (has links)
No description available.
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A HABITAT ANALYSIS OF SPRING-SUMMER ELK RANGE ON THE APACHE-SITGREAVES NATIONAL FOREST, ARIZONA.DelGiudice, Glenn D. (Glenn David) January 1982 (has links)
No description available.
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Use of livestock to improve the quality of elk winter range forage in northeastern OregonClark, Patrick Eugene 28 May 1996 (has links)
The effects of late spring defoliation on the winter forage quality of bluebunch wheatgrass
(Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn. & Smith), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer) and elk sedge
(Carex geyeri Boott) and the response of wintering Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni Bailey) to
changes in winter range forage quality were examined. The study included two experiments; a hand clipping
experiment conducted on bluebunch wheatgrass and a sheep grazing experiment conducted on bluebunch
wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and elk sedge.
Four treatments were applied to bluebunch wheatgrass in the clipping experiment:
1) the entire basal area of individual plants was clipped to a 7.6 cm stubble height during the
mid boot phenological stage,
2) one-half the basal area of individual plants was clipped to a 7.6 cm stubble height during
the mid boot stage,
3) the entire basal area of individual plants was clipped to a 7.6 cm stubble height during the
inflorescence emergence stage, and
4) plants were left unclipped as a control.
In early November, forage samples from each of the three clipping treatments exhibited increases in percent
crude protein and percent in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to the unclipped control treatment.
Clipping the entire basal area of bluebunch wheatgrass plants to a 7.6 cm stubble height during the mid boot or
inflorescence emergence stage was more detrimental to plant vigor than clipping one-half the plant basal area
during the mid boot stage or leaving the plants unclipped. There was some evidence that clipping one-half the
plant basal area during the mid boot stage may improve plant vigor compared to no clipping.
Differences in crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and dry matter yield from winter forage
samples of bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue and elk sedge were detected between plots grazed by domestic
sheep during the boot stage of bluebunch wheatgrass and plots where sheep grazing was excluded. No
differences in winter elk utilization of bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, or elk sedge were detected between the late spring sheep grazing treatment and sheep exclusion treatment. Plot occupancy by wintering elk was similar between plots grazed by sheep and plots where sheep grazing was excluded. Although, wintering elk did not appear to respond to the livestock grazing treatment, results from this study suggest small improvements in the winter forage quality of perennial grasses such as bluebunch wheatgrass can result following late spring defoliation. Forage conditioning treatments which produce even small improvements in forage quality may be important to the nutritional status of wintering elk. / Graduation date: 1997
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Factors affecting habitat use by black-tailed deer and Roosevelt elk in the Silver Burn, Southwestern OregonMichalski, Bret L. 14 July 1994 (has links)
A wildfire burned over 40,000 ha of conifer and mixed conifer-hardwood forest in
the Silver Creek drainage of southwestern Oregon in the fall of 1987 allowing me to
assess big game use of a large natural burn. I used fecal pellet group counts to estimate
habitat use and effects of forest management activities on Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus
roosevelti) and black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) within the Silver
Fire Recovery Project Area (SFRPA) of the Siskiyou National Forest. Pellet decay rate
and differences in observers' abilities to detect deer and elk pellet groups (interobserver
variability) were estimated to test validity of pellet group counts. Pellet group
persistence was estimated during a 10-month period. There were no differences in pellet
group persistence between elk and deer (P < 0.05). Observers differed in ability to detect
elk (F = 2.7; df = 4, 530; P = 0.03) and deer (F = 10.7; df = 4, 883; P < 0.0001) pellet
groups. Interobserver variability related to elk pellet groups was low and was attributed
to differences in numbers of transects searched by each observer. Two observers
detected greater mean numbers of deer pellet groups than did other observers. I counted
775 elk pellet groups and 3,888 deer pellet groups on four study areas within the SFRPA.
I analyzed habitat use for two periods: June to mid-October (summer-fall), and mid-
October through May (fall-spring). I used stepwise logistic regression to create models
predicting categories of habitat use during each period. Management variables were
added to the habitat models to estimate effect of management on predicted categories of
habitat use. Total overstory canopy cover was negatively related to deer use during both
use periods. Distance to road was the only significant management variable affecting
deer habitat use during the fall-spring period (P = 0.03). Slash cover had a negative
effect on probability of habitat use by deer during the summer-fall period (P = 0.02). Elk
use was negatively affected by steep slopes and hardwood canopies during both periods,
while grass seeding positively affected elk use during both summer-fall (P = 0.05) and
fall-spring (P = 0.03) use periods. Clearcutting had a negative effect on probability of
elk use during the fall-spring period (P = 0.04). / Graduation date: 1995
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Cloning and expression of the elk (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) pituitary glycoprotein hormonesOkrainetz, Rena June 17 December 2004
The North American elk or wapiti is an indigenous species to Canada. Understanding of the reproductive physiology of elk is limited, as little research has been conducted in this field as compared to domestic farmed species. In order to make available the tools to study reproductive physiology of the elk this thesis describes the cloning and expression of elk pituitary glycoprotein hormone cDNAs. The common gonadotropin a-subunit, and FSH, LH and TSH b-subunit elk cDNAs were amplified by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There was a high degree of nucleotide similarity between the elk a and b subunits when compared with reported sequences from other species. The cDNAs for the pituitary glycoprotein hormone genes were used as probes to investigate seasonal expression in the female elk pituitary gland. Steady state levels of the common a-subunit mRNA was observed regardless of the reproductive season, but a significant increase in expression occurred during the breeding season. The FSH and LH b-subunit genes were expressed at low levels in pituitary glands of animals during presumed anestrous and pregnancy, but levels considerably increased during estrus. In contrast, levels of TSH b-subunit mRNA were similar regardless of the reproductive status. The FSH cDNAs were also transfected into a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mammalian expression system, aimed at the production of recombinant elk FSH. Transfected CHO cell lines were screened for expression of a- and FSH b-subunit mRNA by Northern blot. Activity of FSH was equivalent to ~100 mIU/ml of recombinant human FSH (Gonal-FTM), identified by FSH receptor signaling in an in vitro cell based assay. In conclusion, this work represents an advance towards understanding the molecular basis of seasonal reproduction in elk. This information and the availability of elk recombinant FSH will be useful for the application of advanced reproductive technologies required for the rapid expansion of healthy, disease resistant, and genetically superior animals, which are important for domestic production and wildlife management.
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A Management Study of the Cache Elk HerdHancock, Norman V. 01 January 1955 (has links)
The present study was undertaken to acquire additional management information for both the North and South Cache units. It was recognized that effectiveness of elk management could be increased if such information were available as population data, age composition figures, effectiveness of the winter feeding program, herd productivity and mortality, summer and winter distribution, and the inter-specific role of deer and domestic livestock with the elk. The present study was commenced during late fall of 1951. Formal field work continued through the spring of 1953, though limited field work extended through the early 1954 winter. The study has been dedicated to the procurement of elk management information on both the North and South Cache units.
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