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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The master-regulators of EMT and E-cadherin constitute a novel pathway in malignant melanoma

Hill, Louise Anne January 2013 (has links)
The master-regulators of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MR-EMT) have a pivotal role in the regulation of carcinoma development, promoting transformation and generating a migratory and invasive phenotype. Within epithelial cells, the ZEB proteins are co-regulated, jointly repressed by the miR-200 family of microRNAs. However, here it is demonstrated that the expression and regulation of the MR-EMT in malignant melanoma cell lines appears to be fundamentally different, with a hierarchical organisation identified. ZEB2 and SNAIL2 were found to be expressed in melanocytes, whilst ZEB1 and TWIST1 expression was acquired by a sub-set of malignant melanoma cell lines. Melanoma-initiating mutations within B-RAF and NRAS were shown to reversibly promote expression of ZEB1 and TWIST1 at the expense of ZEB2 and SNAIL2. Additionally, ZEB2 and SNAIL2 were identified up-stream of ZEB1 and TWIST1 within the MAPK signalling cascade, with ZEB2 functioning as a repressor of ZEB1. Furthermore, ZEB2 and SNAIL2 were found to positively regulate expression of MITF, a marker of melanocyte differentiation. In contrast, ZEB1 repressed expression of MITF and was the primary transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin, an adhesion molecule vital for the interaction between differentiated melanocytes and keratinocytes. Previously, within epithelial cell lines, all the MR-EMT have been identified as transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin. However, ZEB2 and SNAIL2 were co-expressed with E-cadherin within melanocytes and melanoma cell lines and, along with TWIST1, were not able to independently induce E-cadherin re-activation following repression. Surprisingly, ZEB2 became a repressor of E-cadherin in conjunction with ZEB1. Finally, E-cadherin expression was also shown to be controlled in a ZEB1-dependent manner by the transcriptional co-repressor BRG1, the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, and by the presence of DNA methylation at the E-cadherin promoter. Indeed, DNA methylation was identified as a possible factor controlling the success rate of metastatic colonisation in melanoma cells, allowing for the dynamic re-expression of E-cadherin at the secondary site. These data demonstrate that in malignant melanoma the expression and regulation of the MREMT is fundamentally different to that of epithelial tumours, with the MR-EMT structured hierarchically, with opposing regulatory functions.

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