This master thesis is a portion of the DySCAS project and work is performed at Enea AB. DySCAS (Dynamically Self-Configuring Automotive Systems) is a research project funded by the European This thesis concentrates on future vehicle electronic systems. During a life cycle of the car vehicle manufacturers desire to upgrade or add new functions into the vehicle electronic systems, this is not possible with the static-runtime environment that employed into today’s car. To tackle this difficult problem many technologies were gathered and a dynamically self-configuring automotive system was introduced by combining technologies like self-managing, service-based and middleware. The obtained results fulfilled most of DySCAS requirements. However, the system has a few limitations and these are caused by the immature of distributed reconfigurable embedded systems in the market.

Magistro baigiamojo darbo tema – paskirstyta mikroprocesorinių valdiklių sistema. Šio darbo tikslas buvo suprojektuoti, trikdžiams atsparią, paskirstytų mikroprocesorinių valdiklių sistemą. Darbe apžvelgiamos mikroprocesorinių valdiklių duomenų perdavimo technologijos, mikroprocesoriniai valdikliai, mikroprocesorinių valdiklių sistemos. Darbo metu buvo suprojektuota ir pagaminta trikdžiams atspari mikroprocesorinių valdiklių sistema. Taip pat šiame darbe aprašomas paskirstytos mikroprocesorinių valdiklių sistemos mazgų programavimo procesas. Atlikus baigiamąjį magistro darbą gautos tokios išvados: perteklinių funkcijų panaudojimas, paskirstytų mikroprocesorinių valdiklių sistemų mazguose, padėjo padidinti tokios sistemos atsparumą trikdžiams bei užtikrinti stabilų sistemos darbą; paskirstytos mikroprocesorinių valdiklių sistemos be vedančiųjų mazgų pranašesnės už sistemas su vedančiuoju mazgu, tačiau tokioje sistemoje yra daug sudėtingiau užprogramuoti sistemos mazgus. / Master‘s final thesis subject is distributed microcontrollers system. The objective point for this master thesis was to project fault tolerant distributed microcontrollers system. In master thesis overlooked microcontrollers data transfer technologies, microcontrollers and systems of microcontrollers. During this work was projected and made fault tolerant distributed microcontrollers system and programmed the nodes of this system. This master thesis conclusions are: redundant functions in the nodes of distributed microcontrollers system, helped to increase system stable and resistant; comparing the system without master nodes with system with master nodes, system without master nodes is more advantaged then system with them but this system programming process is more complicated.

A new methodology for innovative product development based on the application of sustainability principles for the entire life-cycle of a product and beyond is developed. This involves an analysis of multi-life cycle material flow leading towards perpetual life products, making it truly sustainable. In order to achieve the function of such a sustainable product, it has to fulfill the concept of 6R (Recover, Reuse, Recycle, Redesign, Reduce and Remanufacture), which are composed of 6 stages of material flow in a products life, as opposed to the traditional 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recover) concept. We apply the 6R concept in designing a new aluminum beverage can with much enhanced sustainability factors, especially in recycling processes.

Dependable and Fault-tolerant computing is actively being pursued as a research area since the 1980s in various fields involving development of safety-critical applications. The ability of the system to provide reliable functional service as per its design is a key paradigm in dependable computing. For providing reliable service in fault-tolerant systems, dynamic reconfiguration has to be supported to enable recovery from errors (induced by faults) or graceful degradation in case of service failures. Reconfigurable Distributed applications provided a platform to develop fault-tolerant systems and these reconfigurable architectures requires an embedded network that is inherently fault-tolerant and capable of handling movement of tasks between nodes/processors within the system during dynamic reconfiguration. The embedded network should provide mechanisms for deterministic message transfer under faulty environments and support fault detection/isolation mechanisms within the network framework. This thesis describes the design, implementation and validation of an embedded networking layer using Controller Area Network (CAN) to support reconfigurable embedded systems.

The Virtual Network (VN) protocol is a communications protocol software compatible with the Space Plug-and-play Architecture (SPA). This Master Thesis defines a protocol that extends the Virtual Network protocol to cover communication over the Controller Area Network (CAN). The Virtual Network for the Controller Area Network (VN-CAN) is defined, modelled and verified using UPPAAL as well as implemented and tested while running on actual hardware. The VN-CAN protocol enables components on the CAN network to communicate with other components both inside and outside of the CAN network, which together with the modularity of both the protocol and the implementation enables application level software to be agnostic of their physical position in the network. The implementation enables components to automatically discover routes to other components on the VN network without the need for any prior knowledge about the network topology. A method for direct addressing, i.e. that two components on the CAN network can communicate directly without sending messages via a central router, has been added to the VN-CAN protocol in order to reduce traffic on the CAN network. UPPAAL modelling and verification of the VN-CAN protocol has been done to give a high level of confidence in the correctness of the protocol. Testing on actual hardware has shown that the protocol achieves the goals of address resolution, self addressing and transfer of VN messages over CAN.

The purpose of this study was to determine: * what the influence of attitude is on the mathematical achievement of the standerd 8 pupil, * which factors contribute mainly to the attitude of the standard 8 pupil towards mathematics. The literature study defined the concept "attitude" as widely as possible. The relationship between attitude and academic achievement was discussed and special reference was given to mathematics achievement. In the literature study factors which can influence mathematical achievement were also discussed. Special reference was given to: * cognitive and non-cognitive factors, * factors referring to the parents, * factors referring to the school situation, * the influence of the peer group and friends, * other factors which can be related to achievement in mathematics. An empirical investigation was undertaken by means of a self developed attitude scale to determine to which extent attitude towards mathematics can influence achievement in this subject. I.Q. counts and percentages were available from report cards. The most important findings from this study were that attitude influences mathematical achievement to a large extent. Further findings proved that attitudes towards mathematics are influenced largely by the student's previous mathematical achievements, as well as the gender group to which the learner belongs. These findings underline the important role of the teacher, as well as the supportive role of the parents in creating a positive attitude towards Mathematics. The achievement of the learner can be improved by motivation and support. This will result in a more positive attitude towards mathematics and will consequently widen the career choices of the learner. / Thesis (MEd (Voorligting))--PU vir CHO, 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine: * what the influence of attitude is on the mathematical achievement of the standerd 8 pupil, * which factors contribute mainly to the attitude of the standard 8 pupil towards mathematics. The literature study defined the concept "attitude" as widely as possible. The relationship between attitude and academic achievement was discussed and special reference was given to mathematics achievement. In the literature study factors which can influence mathematical achievement were also discussed. Special reference was given to: * cognitive and non-cognitive factors, * factors referring to the parents, * factors referring to the school situation, * the influence of the peer group and friends, * other factors which can be related to achievement in mathematics. An empirical investigation was undertaken by means of a self developed attitude scale to determine to which extent attitude towards mathematics can influence achievement in this subject. I.Q. counts and percentages were available from report cards. The most important findings from this study were that attitude influences mathematical achievement to a large extent. Further findings proved that attitudes towards mathematics are influenced largely by the student's previous mathematical achievements, as well as the gender group to which the learner belongs. These findings underline the important role of the teacher, as well as the supportive role of the parents in creating a positive attitude towards Mathematics. The achievement of the learner can be improved by motivation and support. This will result in a more positive attitude towards mathematics and will consequently widen the career choices of the learner. / Thesis (MEd (Voorligting))--PU vir CHO, 1996

Hensikt: Formålet med dette MPH-arbeidet var å få innsikt i deltagernes erfaringer fra prosjektet ”Treningskompis”. Prosjektets hensikt var å utvikle, prøve ut og evaluere en ordning med frivillige hjelpere som treningskompiser for kreftpasienter. Målet var å hjelpe pasientene i gang med fysisk aktivitet gjennom eksisterende, egnede treningstilbud i nærmiljøet. Metode: Det ble gjennomført fire fokusgruppeintervju med til sammen 14 informanter. Det var to fokusintervju medkreftpasienter(n=5) og to medfrivillige treningskompiser(n=9). Datamaterialet ble analysert med fenomenografisk metode. Resultat: Fire kategorier ble identifisert: (i) opplæring i å bli treningskompis, (ii) opplevelser med ”Treningskompisprosjektet”, (iii) fysiske og psykiske aspekter ved å ha en treningskompis og (iv) tro på fortsatt å være fysisk aktiv. Påvirkningsfaktorer ble identifisert internt, mellom brukerne og treningskompisene og fra sentrale myndigheter. Konklusjon: Forpliktende avtaler, sosial støtte og hjelp til å finne aktiviteter man trives med, er viktig for å øke aktivitetsnivået og etablere varige aktivitetsvaner hos kreftpasienter. En treningskompis kan derfor være en tjeneste som tilbyskreftpasienteri ulike faser i pasientforløpet, og somkan ”treffe” de som ikke klarer å komme seg ut på egenhånd. En viktig forutsetning for en god ”Treningskompistjeneste” er imidlertid at organisasjoner og dedikerte personerveilederog følgeropp treningskompiser, brukere og avtaler. / Purpose “The Training Buddy Project”develops, tests and evaluates a system that provides volunteer training buddies to assist post-treatment cancer patients increase physical activity. This thesis aimed to provide new insight into participant’s experiences with the project. Method: Four focus groupsinterviews with 14 informantswereconducted. Two focusgroups withcancer patients(n=5)and two with volunteer buddies(n=9). Data was analysed using phenomenography. Result: Four categories were identified: (i) volunteer training, (ii) experiences with the"Training Buddy Project", (iii) physical and psychological aspects of having a workoutbuddy and (iv) confidence to continuephysically activity. Influencing factors were identified internally, between users and training buddies and central authorities. Conclusion:  Binding agreements, social support,andassistance infindingpleasurable activities contribute importantly to cancer patient’s ability to re-establish physical activity and develop lasting activity habits after diagnose. Training buddies can help cancer patients in different phases of patient care, particularly for patients who lack the abilityto re-establish physical activityby themselves. A good training buddy service requires dedicated supervisors and individuals to track the appointments and activity of training buddies and their clients / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-74-4</p>

For the reliability design of Engine Control Unit devices in motor vehicles, the knowledge of stresses occurring in the field within the product service life is essential. In addition to the environmental influences such as temperature, moisture and humidity, vibration and shock issues are in focus. To ensure the robustness of the products and they are still easily and inexpensively made, they must be interpreted appropriately in the development process. For this, the load spectra for the mechanical influences of road conditions and operating conditions are to be determined. Work will also include temperature and humidity values examined on typical installation locations. The essential everyday situations (commuters, taxi, farmer, ...) should be considered. Existing measurement technology must be combined to this end a comprehensive logger system with communication to the vehicle.

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