pavilon for zoo Brno

Co-polymer facade materials have recently become a popular option in the building industry as an alternative to glazing. Ethylene Tetra-Fluoro-Ethylene (ETFE) foil has been successfully used in many projects as an innovative solution to energy-conscious design challenges. In addition, the use of ETFE membrane has resulted in significant savings in cost and structural support requirements, compared with conventional glazing, due to its low weight. There is a lack of detailed published data reporting its thermal behaviour. This study focuses on the examination of heat transfer through the ETFE membrane, and more specifically heat loss and solar gains. The document examines the impact of the material on the energy use of a building, as well as thermal comfort and interior conditions. Through field-testing and computer simulations the research evaluates the material’s thermal properties to obtain results that will assist in estimating the suitability of ETFE foil use in comparison to glass. Field-testing is used to perform a comparison of the thermal and energy behaviour of a fritted double ETFE cushion to a double glazed cover. The two experimental devices under examination present nearly identical energy consumption due to heating requirements. The experimental findings are implemented in Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES) and used to identify the necessary steps to accurately reproduce the thermal and energy behaviour associated with both covering materials. Further simulations were undertaken to provide a comparison of several types of ETFE cushions to various types of double glass. More specifically, the types examined are a clear double ETFE roof cover and a fritted double ETFE roof cover in comparison to a standard double glazed roof and a low-E double glazed roof. The roofs covers are examined in relation to energy requirements for both the heating and cooling of a space. Such an assessment of performance will provide information for further investigation to improve the material’s features and optimise energy performance.

The purpose of this thesis is to provide an overview of ETFE foil, as it applies to pneumatic cushion cladding, with a focus on creep behavior of the material. Characteristics of ETFE, including weight, optics, insulation, flexibility, environmental properties, fire performance, cushion span and other features are discussed, and, where possible, are compared to the characteristics of glass panels used in similar applications. Relevant chemical and mechanical properties of ETFE are given. Load carrying concepts of tension structures and inflated cushions are discussed, as well as structural design methods for ETFE cushions. Several prominent structures constructed using ETFE foil are introduced and benefits and design issues associated with these structures are reviewed. When used in cushion applications, ETFE films are placed in constant tension, and are therefore subject to creep. Quantifying this creep is desirable so that it can be predicted during the design phase. Therefore, this thesis summarizes the findings of other researchers in the area of creep of ETFE as well as the general mechanical behavior of the material, and presents the results of uniaxial creep tests done for the purpose of this study. These tests included 24 hour uniaxial creep tests done at four stress levels on both the transverse and longitudinal directions of three different brands of film. Two thicknesses of the third film were acquired and both were tested. The stress levels were chosen to coincide with typical design tensile stresses for ETFE film, and to be similar to the levels tested by other researchers. The effects of the different stresses, brands, directions and thicknesses are evaluated and discussed. Three seven day creep tests were also done on one of the films, each at a different stress level. Constitutive viscoelastic and viscoplastic models were developed to represent the 24-hour creep data. The viscoelastic models were based on a four-element Kelvin model and the viscoplastic models were based on a power-law model. The model parameters were determined from the data using linear least squares fitting. Models were also developed for the seven day creep data. Several of these models were based only upon the first 24 hours of data, and were used to determine the applicability of the 24-hour creep models to long-term behavior. It was found that while a viscoelastic model appears to fit long-term creep most closely, the 24-hour models are inadequate for modeling longer time frames. Another method is required for predicting long-term creep. Nonlinear fitting of the parameters is recommended as a possible alternative for creating more accurate models. Longer-term creep tests are also recommended. Tensile tests were also done on the films to confirm mechanical properties supplied by the film manufacturers. Good agreement to the given values was found in the test data.

The purpose of this thesis is to provide an overview of ETFE foil, as it applies to pneumatic cushion cladding, with a focus on creep behavior of the material. Characteristics of ETFE, including weight, optics, insulation, flexibility, environmental properties, fire performance, cushion span and other features are discussed, and, where possible, are compared to the characteristics of glass panels used in similar applications. Relevant chemical and mechanical properties of ETFE are given. Load carrying concepts of tension structures and inflated cushions are discussed, as well as structural design methods for ETFE cushions. Several prominent structures constructed using ETFE foil are introduced and benefits and design issues associated with these structures are reviewed. When used in cushion applications, ETFE films are placed in constant tension, and are therefore subject to creep. Quantifying this creep is desirable so that it can be predicted during the design phase. Therefore, this thesis summarizes the findings of other researchers in the area of creep of ETFE as well as the general mechanical behavior of the material, and presents the results of uniaxial creep tests done for the purpose of this study. These tests included 24 hour uniaxial creep tests done at four stress levels on both the transverse and longitudinal directions of three different brands of film. Two thicknesses of the third film were acquired and both were tested. The stress levels were chosen to coincide with typical design tensile stresses for ETFE film, and to be similar to the levels tested by other researchers. The effects of the different stresses, brands, directions and thicknesses are evaluated and discussed. Three seven day creep tests were also done on one of the films, each at a different stress level. Constitutive viscoelastic and viscoplastic models were developed to represent the 24-hour creep data. The viscoelastic models were based on a four-element Kelvin model and the viscoplastic models were based on a power-law model. The model parameters were determined from the data using linear least squares fitting. Models were also developed for the seven day creep data. Several of these models were based only upon the first 24 hours of data, and were used to determine the applicability of the 24-hour creep models to long-term behavior. It was found that while a viscoelastic model appears to fit long-term creep most closely, the 24-hour models are inadequate for modeling longer time frames. Another method is required for predicting long-term creep. Nonlinear fitting of the parameters is recommended as a possible alternative for creating more accurate models. Longer-term creep tests are also recommended. Tensile tests were also done on the films to confirm mechanical properties supplied by the film manufacturers. Good agreement to the given values was found in the test data.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to find proper use of object at Kapitulská 22 street in Trnava, Slovakia. Object is located in the close city centre, in its historical context. According to this I tried to keep current character of place and add new function which will use its potential. In line with current escalating problem of oncological diseases I decide to built there Maggie’s centre – community centre for people which suffer from an kind of it. Centre provides them with a platform where they can meet, change experiences and spend time during activities which is fitted to them. Peoples can find there professional psychological help and support from people with same destiny. In my design I use current object which is faced to street as service part with accommodation of clients. To this part I added community centre itself. Centre is separated into five modules which are connected by main corridor. Everywhere between this module if designed gardens and whole this area is roofed by transparent construction to keep it usable whole year.

This research designed and analyzed an innovative structural support system for ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) atrium roofs between buildings. A cable-spring system was conceived, which is much lighter and more flexible than arches, frames, trusses, and beams which usually support ETFE roofs. Flexibility was a desirable property because the displacements may vary significantly among the buildings supporting the ETFE atrium roof during wind and seismic loading. The springs in the cable-spring system allow large differential displacements without exerting large support reactions on the buildings. The flexibility of the cable-spring system was compared to the cable-strut system which is used to support many other roofs. The concept of the cable-spring system was demonstrated by the design of an example problem and an experimental model. The example problem consisted of 20 m roof spans between buildings and differential displacements up to 8.5 cm. Conceptual design of the system consists of an array of intersecting cable-spring trusses that provide adequate drainage, venting, and repeatability. Detailed design includes the design of the ETFE cushion, truss depth, spring stiffness, cable sizes, and the telescoping tubes that enclose the springs. The ETFE cushions were analyzed with the MPanel software which is based on a computational process known as dynamic relaxation. The cable-spring trusses were analyzed using the principles of statics and large displacement geometry. Design curves and formulas were produced for spring sizes. A small scale experimental model was built to demonstrate the flexibility of the cable-spring support system. The weight of the atrium roof was estimated to be about 2.28 psf for the example problem. The analysis revealed that for the same spans and differential support movements the cable-spring support system had a 71% reduction in support reactions when compared to a cable-strut system.

Building envelopes are elements with a long lifetime, which provide a barrier between internal and external space and contribute to the internal environmental conditions provision. Their complex role ensures a large impact on the environmental and energy performance of a building and the occupant perception of a space. This study looks at the use of novel materials and processes to help reduce the environmental impact of buildings by improving facade and transparent roof design. There are three main strands to the work. First, novel building components, ETFE foil cushions were examined. Physical testing has shown that ETFE foil cushions compare favourably to double glazing in terms of thermal and daylighting performance which was also noted as one of the most likeable feature by occupants. Environmental impact analysis has indicated that ETFE foils can reduce the environmental impact of a building through reduced environmental burden of both the construction and operation of the building. Secondly, a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) was carried out for float glass, which considered the environmental impacts of glass manufacture. The embodied energy was calculated to be 13.4 ± 0.5 GJ per tonne while the total number of eco-points 243 ± 11 per tonne. It is shown that float glass is comparable to the use of steel, and highly preferable to the use of aluminium as a cladding panel. Finally, a concept design tool (FACADE) was developed by defining a large number of office facade models and employing dynamic thermal, daylighting and environmental impact modelling to create a database which can be accessed through a user friendly interface application. A parametric analysis has indicated that using natural ventilation where possible can reduce the environmental impact of offices by up to 16%. Improving the standard of the facade and reducing the internal heat loads from lighting and equipment can reduce environmental impact up to 22%. This study makes a significant contribution to understanding the environmental impact of building envelope individual and integrated components.

The topic of my work was to revitalize, recreate and redefine the recreational and sports area Za Lužánkami. Despite its gradual ruining and poor technical conditions it still has something to offer. Indications of this are constant efforts to refresh sport activities and ambitions to bring to this place its lost glory. The main goal of this proposal was to focus on creating a football stadium, support and highlight its dominance and majesty. Stadium was dimensioned on real usefulness with capacity more than 20 000 spectators. The main element of the stadium is its placing in a rising surface and to create a construction which will be a pleasant attraction with its exterior raising pillars and roof construction from all cardinal points. Football stadium fulfills functions of a modern stadium in all required factors and its placing and connection and fulfills sports hall compliance and recreational area for all visitors and householders.

The main topic of the Diploma thesis is a complex design to rescue cathedral Notre-Dame in Paris. The work is firstly focused on the reconstruction of the structure including its collapsed parts and preserving a link to the destructive fire in 2019. The mainstay of the thesis is a design of new roof space and its use by broad public. Due to uncertainties about the structure stability disrupted by the fire a great emphasis has been put on the weight reduction of the newly built roof structure. The design makes a genuine attempt to be sensitive with respect to the spiritual function of the cathedral, thus the public roof access is separated from the cathedral itself thanks to a newly built underground spaces that are also included in the design.

The theme of my dissertation is to create the architectural study of a football stadium in Brno behind Lužánky. The proposed stadium is to create facilities for football Brno, athletes and fans. Stadium capacity is 23 thousands audience. Object is an organic shape and is forming two main parts. The first part of the concrete superstructuce and second is a steel structure carrying a transparent facade composed of ETFE foil.