A research report submitted to the faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine in Anaesthesiology Johannesburg, 2017 / Background Adverse events and errors are a widespread cause of morbidity and mortality in the health care environment. Adverse event and error reporting systems have been shown to potentially reduce the occurrence of these events, however there is still significant underreporting. Little is known regarding the barriers to reporting of adverse events and errors in the context of South Africa, or what emotional and attitudinal barriers may be present regarding a formal reporting system amongst anaesthetists in the Department of Anaesthesiology at the University of the Witwatersrand. Methods A prospective, descriptive, contextual study design utilizing an anonymous self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 133 anaesthetists who attended academic anaesthetic meetings. Results One hundred and eighteen questionnaires met the criteria for analysis, giving a response rate of 92%. Barriers to reporting included a “code of silence” in medicine and blame from colleagues. If a specified error as opposed to an adverse event had occurred, participants were more likely to agree with barriers regarding fear of litigation, disciplinary action, getting into trouble, as well as colleagues that may be unsupportive. Strategies to promote reporting of adverse events and errors include senior role models who encourage reporting and individualised feedback regarding reports made. Conclusions Most anaesthetists in our study disagreed with barriers to reporting an unspecified adverse event. However, if an error has occurred, reporting behaviour may be inhibited by barriers regarding fears of litigation, disciplinary action and lack of support. Senior role models that openly support reporting along with individualised feedback may increase reporting rates. / MT2017

"Building design and site features have an influence on helping or hindering fire fighting operations. Traditional studies relating to building performance evaluation for fire department operations do not address the influence of building site and architectural design on local fire department suppression techniques. These studies also do not relate fire fighting analysis to anticipated fire size. The goal of this dissertation is to develop an analytical procedure by which the size of a specified design fire can be predicted for the time at which fire fighting attack water application is likely to occur. The delays encountered due to building configuration and specified design fire conditions are incorporated in the analysis. Discrete Event Simulation is used to compute time durations for fire fighting operations. The results of this dissertation may be used as a stand alone technical analysis for any office building or as a part of a more complete building performance evaluation. "

<p>The purpose of this study is to create an understanding for marketing directors’ view</p><p>about how event marketing effect the company’s brand equity in four separate</p><p>businesses. Our question formulation the study aims to answer is:</p><p>How does event marketing effect the brand equity in international companies?</p><p>We have chosen to perform a qualitative study with a semi structured research interview</p><p>to find out how event marketing as a marketing method, can be applied from the</p><p>perspective of a marketing director in relation to our theoretical reference frame.</p><p>To create structure and increase the understanding of our thesis, we will describe the</p><p>basics in brand and sponsorship theory, which will fall in to the marketing method of</p><p>event marketing. Further we will describe the brand equity model that we will later</p><p>modify for our purpose. In our modified model we will present the element that creates</p><p>the foundation to our analysis. The elements are: brand loyalty, brand awareness,</p><p>perceived quality and brand associations. In our analysis we will present the effects and</p><p>consequences of using event marketing as a marketing method.</p><p>Our empirical findings will be presented under the chapter of empiric. Where interviews</p><p>preformed with marketing directors or respondents with an equal position will be found.</p><p>We have preformed interviews with Samsung Electronics Nordic AB, Kalmar Industries,</p><p>Cerealia/Lantmännen/Axa and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB.</p><p>Our conclusion is that event marketing is a well used marketing method where the</p><p>company strategically has analyzed their target market to aim their efforts at the right</p><p>consumers. The current recession has made the competition on the market keen. Because</p><p>of this it is more important now than ever for the companies to increase their brand</p><p>equity.</p><p>The companies in the different businesses is using event marketing with the main purpose</p><p>of strengthen their brand equity. The object that highlights event marketing the most is</p><p>how well all companies tries to associate their brand with the values attached to the</p><p>chosen event. Event marketing is used as a tool to get the customers to associate the</p><p>companies’ values with an event, but is also used to create associations between the event</p><p>and the brand. When using event marketing it is important to associate the brand with</p><p>quality. The answer to our question formulation is that the brand equity is positively</p><p>effected by event marketing. Brand association and perceived quality are together the</p><p>element that effects brand equity the most when using event marketing.</p>

The purpose of this study is to create an understanding for marketing directors’ view about how event marketing effect the company’s brand equity in four separate businesses. Our question formulation the study aims to answer is: How does event marketing effect the brand equity in international companies? We have chosen to perform a qualitative study with a semi structured research interview to find out how event marketing as a marketing method, can be applied from the perspective of a marketing director in relation to our theoretical reference frame. To create structure and increase the understanding of our thesis, we will describe the basics in brand and sponsorship theory, which will fall in to the marketing method of event marketing. Further we will describe the brand equity model that we will later modify for our purpose. In our modified model we will present the element that creates the foundation to our analysis. The elements are: brand loyalty, brand awareness, perceived quality and brand associations. In our analysis we will present the effects and consequences of using event marketing as a marketing method. Our empirical findings will be presented under the chapter of empiric. Where interviews preformed with marketing directors or respondents with an equal position will be found. We have preformed interviews with Samsung Electronics Nordic AB, Kalmar Industries, Cerealia/Lantmännen/Axa and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB. Our conclusion is that event marketing is a well used marketing method where the company strategically has analyzed their target market to aim their efforts at the right consumers. The current recession has made the competition on the market keen. Because of this it is more important now than ever for the companies to increase their brand equity. The companies in the different businesses is using event marketing with the main purpose of strengthen their brand equity. The object that highlights event marketing the most is how well all companies tries to associate their brand with the values attached to the chosen event. Event marketing is used as a tool to get the customers to associate the companies’ values with an event, but is also used to create associations between the event and the brand. When using event marketing it is important to associate the brand with quality. The answer to our question formulation is that the brand equity is positively effected by event marketing. Brand association and perceived quality are together the element that effects brand equity the most when using event marketing.

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During last few years, place marketing becomes a major task of many mayors and county magistrates when they get their policies moving. The goal is to strengthen the policies statement, promote the whole image of locality, reputation and the power of competition in order to strive for the electors¡¦ support. However, each county is implementing different methods to reach their goal. Some of the counties give the priority to the tourism promotion, while some counties choose to attract the business investment instead. Pingtung County is the one of the counties which focuses on the tourism promotion to market places. Due to the promotion of the Pingtung Blue Fin Tuna Cultural Festival, the blue fin tuna is well-known in Taiwan now. Also Kenting Wind-bell Feast skillfully made good use of the winter tempest to blow the ding dong sound of the wind-bell which is famous to all areas over Taiwan now and bring thousands tourists to Kenting during the winter time. Pingtung County is the sample of this study and the researcher searched and collected information from the newspapers to know the frequency and contents of the report about the Pingtung Blue Fin Tuna Cultural Festival, Kenting Wind-bell Feast and Pingtung Peninsula Arts Festival. Also in this study, the undertaker of the festivals, local resident, shop owner, journalist and tourists were interviewed in order to understand their opinions about these three festivals. The purpose of this study is through all of these information were collected to analyze how these three festivals impacted the promotion of the Pingtung¡¦s reputation and place-marketing, also to discuss if the experiences of Pingtung County can be applied in other counties. And the result of this study shows: 1. The festival indeed to bring the tourists and push forward the local construct, promote the local reputation and image. It¡¦s a good way to bring the profits in economy and settle a sound foundation for place marketing. 2. The main reason for the success of the Pingtung County¡¦s festivals is all the festival activities design or the marketing strategies were very creative and considerate, not only considered the need of the tourists, sponsors but also the journalists. The festival organizations¡¦ strategies of forming an alliance with different businesses were also the key to the success. Another factor was the professional team work and experiences transition.

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The primary objective of the research project was to further develop a computer program modeling the hydrocracking of partially hydrogenated vacuum gas oil (HVGO), and to use the model to compare the theoretical product distribution to experimental data describing the product distribution of an industrial pilot reactor. The hydrocracking of HVGO on acid zeolites is effectively modeled utilizing a single-event kinetic approach developed by Froment and coworkers. The hydrocracking of HVGO can be described in terms of the fundamental reaction steps involving carbenium ions. Some 45 single-event rate parameters are used to dictate the rate of each single-event in the reaction network. The composition of the partially hydrogenated feed stock is detailed up to C33. Each component and lump is considered in terms of the elementary steps to generate a network of continuity equations and single-event rate parameters. A reactor model comprising this kinetic model can be used to simulate the isothermal and nonisothermal hydrocracking of a HVGO feed stock. The results are represented in terms of the yields of 241 lumps and components in the gas phase and 241 components and lumps in the liquid phase. The predicted yields of various commercial oil fractions and particular components are then compared to experimental data from an industrial pilot reactor to verify the accuracy of the model and the single-event rate parameters.

In this thesis, we employ optical flow features for the detection of the rigid or non‐rigid single object on an input video. For optical flow estimation, we use the Point Line [PL] method [2] (as a local method) to estimate the motion of the image sequence which is generated from the input video stream. Although the Lukas and Kanade [LK] is a popular local method for estimation of the optical flow, it is weak in dealing with the linear symmetric images even by use of regularization [e.g. Tikhonov]. The PL method is more powerful than the LK method and can properly separate both line flow and point flow. For dealing with rapidly changing data in some part of an image (high motion problem), a gaussian pyramid with five levels (different image resolutions) is employed. In this way, the pyramid height (Level) must be chosen properly according to the maximum optical flow that we expect in each section of the image without iteration. After determining the best‐estimated optical flow vector for every pixel, the algorithm should detect an object on video with its direction to the right or left. By using techniques such as segmentation and averaging the magnitude of flow vectors the program can detect and distinguish rigid objects (e.g. a car) and non‐rigid objects (e.g. a human). Finally the algorithm makes a new video output that includes detected object with flow vectors, the pyramid levels map which has been used for optical flow estimation and a respective binary image.

Event response data that record the timings of randomly occurred events and the strengths of these events are becoming increasingly important in psychology. Although previous researchers such as Kass et al. and Rathbun et al. have developed techniques to model event timings, and that there are social science literature for modeling event times, few researchers have developed techniques to model the event times as well as the strengths of the events. Thus, the present thesis describes a new model that incorporates the use of functional data analysis to estimate a joint occurrence of event intensity, or the instantaneous rate of occurrence, as well as the strengths of the events. The compound log-likelihood model, which is derived by the sum of the event and the response log-likelihood functions, estimates the intensity function and the smoothed function for the response variable simultaneously. In this thesis, we will discuss the incorporation of covariates into the model, and we will also discuss in detail the positive bounded model, which imposes a constraint to the upper bound of the intensity function, as well as the positive model, where no such constraint is imposed. / The model is applied to a set of lupus data that involve the medical histories of 300 lupus sufferers over 20 years to examine the flare intensity and severity of lupus symptoms of each patient. Results of patients 15 and 148 are discussed in this thesis, which reveal that there might be some linear relationship between the patients' intensity rate and the severity of their flares. Finally, the extent to which the maximum likelihood estimation for the model is accurate is tested using simulated data. Results from the simulation show that the model requires a large sample size for a precise estimate.