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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Energy level populations in excited gases

Webb, C. E. January 1964 (has links)
No description available.
12

Études spectroscopiques d'ions de configuration s2 dans des cristaux d'halogénures alcalins

Martin, Jean Pierre, chemist. January 1979 (has links)
No description available.
13

Excited-State Dynamics of Organic Intermediates / Dynamik Angeregter Zustände von Organischen Intermediaten

Noller, Bastian January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis gives insights into the real-time dynamics of several free carbenes and radicals on a femtosecond and nanosecond time scale. The experiments were performed with radicals, singlet carbenes and triplet carbenes of various sizes. Several neutral excited states as well as the ionic ground state were characterized. Despite the relevance of such reactive intermediates in almost all chemical reactions, only relatively little experimental information on such systems is found in the literature. This is linked to the experimental challenge of producing such species under isolated conditions. The intermediates are formed from precursor molecules under interaction- free conditions by supersonic jet flash pyrolysis. The precursor molecules were synthetically designed to show clean thermal dissociation into one specific intermediate. A large variety of spectroscopic techniques was applied to study the intermediates. Each method augments the results of the other methods. This enabled to successfully approach the main goal of this thesis: to understand the excited-state dynamics of organic intermediates. The excited states were found to deactivate rapidly to the hot ground state. The observed fast decay is presumably linked to coupled electronically excited states and relaxation takes place by internal conversion or conical intersections. Further reactions then take place on the ground state surface. Absorption spectra, photodissociation dynamics, photoelectron spectra, ionization potentials, excited-state lifetimes and dissociative photoionization were elucidated by the measurements. Pulsed and continuous light sources were used over a large spectral range (UV, Vis, VUV). A well-defined amount of energy was deposited into the molecule. After internal conversion has taken place, a microcanonical ensemble of reactive intermediates can be studied. This data helps to understand the energetics and reaction channels of intermediates. Velocity map imaging enabled to monitor the pyrolysis efficiency in real time by analyzing photoion images. This observation facilitates clean intermediate generation. Experimental results were compared to quantum chemical calculations to aid the interpretation as well as to test the performance of theoretical approaches. Hydrocarbon radicals and carbenes are regarded as benchmark systems for computational methods due to their several low-lying electronic states and open-shell electronic configuration. The experimental data can help to identify and understand the contributions of the examined intermediates to the chemistry of high energy environments (e. g., hydrocarbon cracking reactors, interstellar space and combustion chambers). Here increased numbers of hydrocarbon intermediates are often present and usually have a strong impact on the overall reaction mechanism. Such environments contain in general a complex mixture of several different intermediates. The more spectroscopic and dynamic properties of each isolated intermediate are known, the easier it is to identify it among multiple components and to understand how it contributes to the overall reaction mechanism. Electronic excitation can take place by radiation, particle collisions or thermally at very high temperatures. How excited states influence the reaction mechanisms is still a matter of currant research. / Diese Arbeit gibt Einblicke in die Dynamik angeregter Zustände von mehreren isolierten Carbenen und Radikalen. Experimente wurden an verschieden großen Radikalen, singlet Carbenen und triplet Carbenen durchgeführt. Angeregte elektronische Zustände, Grundzustände von Radikal-Kationen und die Photodissoziations-Dynamik des Grundzustandes wurden charakterisiert. Obwohl beinahe alle chemischen Reaktionen über reaktive Intermediate ablaufen, ihnen Schlüsselrollen bei Verbrennungsprozessen zugesprochen werden und sie in hohen Konzentrationen in interstellaren Medien vorkommen, sind viele dieser Spezies unzureichend charakterisiert. Dies liegt hauptsächlich am hohen experimentellen Aufwand, der zur sauberen Herstellung und Untersuchung von Intermediaten nötig ist. Die Intermediate in dieser Arbeit wurden mittels Supersonic-Jet- Flash-Pyrolysis generiert. Mit dieser Technik konnten die hoch reaktiven Moleküle konserviert und unter isolierten Bedingungen spektroskopisch untersucht werden. Hierfür wurden spezielle Vorläufermoleküle synthetisch hergestellt und auf ihre saubere thermische Zersetzung hin getestet und optimiert. Die Intermediate wurden mit einer Reihe von spektroskopischen Methoden untersucht, die sich auf eine hervorragende Art und Weise ergänzten. Das Hauptziel der Dissertation konnte somit erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden und das Verhalten angeregten Zustände einiger wichtiger Intermediate verstanden werden. Die Zustände relaxieren auf einer Femtosekunden-Zeitskala zum heißen Grundzustand. Die schnelle Deaktivierung ist allerWahrscheinlichkeit nach auf eine Kopplung der elektronisch angeregten Zustände zurückzuführen. Die Relaxation erfolgt über interne Konversion und konische Durchschneidungen. Photochemische Reaktionen laufen anschließend vom heißen Grundzustand aus ab. Zusätzlich konnten viele Charakteristika der Intermediate untersucht werden: Absorptionsspektren, Photochemie, Photoelektronenspektren, Ionisierungsenergien und dissoziative Photoionisation. Für die Untersuchungen wurde, über einen breiten spektralen Bereich (UV,Vis,VUV), hauptsächlich frequenz- und zeitaufgelöste Laser-Spektroskopie eingesetzt. Nachdem die Moleküle zum Grundzustand relaxiert waren, konnte die Dynamik eines mikrokanonischen Ensembles von reaktiven Intermediaten untersucht werden. Diese Untersuchungen helfen die Energetik und Reaktionskanäle der Intermediate zu verstehen. Zusätzlich wurden Messungen mit Synchrotron- Strahlung und TPEPICO-Spektroskopie durchgeführt; vorwiegend um die IPs der Spezies zu bestimmen wurde diese Technik angewandt. Velocity-Map-Imaging wurde zusammen mit der Radikalquelle erprobt. Ergänzend zu zeitaufgelösten Photoelektronenspektren konnten mit dieser Methode neue Wege zur Optimierung der Radikalerzeugung aufgezeigt werden. Die Effizienz der Pyrolyse konnte anhand der Photoionen-Images in Echtzeit verfolgt werden. Dies vereinfacht die Darstellung reaktiver Intermediate. Die experimentellen Daten wurden mit quantenchemischen Rechnungen verglichen, um die Interpretation zu erleichtern. Des Weiteren weisen Intermediate häufig eine komplexe elektronische Struktur auf und können somit zum evaluieren quantenmechanischer Methoden verwendet werden. Die erarbeiteten experimentellen Daten können helfen die spektroskopisch untersuchten Intermediate in komplexen Reaktionsgemischen zu erkennen und ihre dynamische Rolle darin besser zu verstehen. Je mehr Information über einzelne isolierte Intermediate bekannt ist, desto einfacher können ihre Beiträge differenziert aufgeschlüsselt werden. Eine erhöhte Anzahl von Intermediaten wird vor allem an Orten mit hoher Energiedichte beobachtet (z.B. im interstellaren Raum und in Motoren). Elektronisch angeregte Zustände der Moleküle können hier durch Teilchenstöße, Strahlung oder sogar thermisch bei sehr hohen Temperaturen angeregt werden. Wie elektronisch angeregte Zustände Reaktionsmechanismen beeinflussen können, ist noch Stand aktueller Forschung.
14

Infrared multiphoton induced reactions of organic esters

Rio, Valentin C January 2011 (has links)
Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
15

Spectroscopic investigation of the excited state properties of platinum (II) charge transfer chromophores

Glik, Elena A. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Bowling Green State University, 2009. / Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 200 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references.
16

Rate Determination of the CO2* Chemiluminescence Reaction CO + O + M = CO2* + M

Kopp, Madeleine Marissa, 1987- 14 March 2013 (has links)
The use of chemiluminescence measurements to monitor a range of combustion processes has been a popular area of study due to their reliable and cost-effective nature. Electronically excited carbon dioxide (CO2*) is known for its broadband emission, and its detection can lead to valuable information; however, due to its broadband characteristics, CO2* is difficult to isolate experimentally, and the chemical kinetics of this species is not well known. Although numerous works have monitored CO2* chemiluminescence, a full kinetic scheme for the species has yet to be developed. A series of shock-tube experiments was performed in H2-N2O-CO mixtures highly diluted in argon at conditions where emission from CO2* could be isolated and monitored. These results were used to evaluate the kinetics of CO2*, in particular, the main CO2* formation reaction, CO + O + M CO2* + M (R1). Based on collision theory, the quenching chemistry of CO2* was determined for eleven common collision partners. The final mechanism developed for CO2* consisted of 14 reactions and 13 species. The rate for R1 was determined based on low-pressure experiments performed in two different H2-N2O-CO-Ar mixtures. Final mechanism predictions were compared with the experimental results at low and high pressures, with good agreement seen at both conditions. Peak CO2* trends with temperature as well as overall CO2* species time histories were both monitored. Comparisons were also made with previous experiments in methane-oxygen mixtures, where there was slight over-prediction of CO2* experimental trends by the mechanism.Experimental results and mechanism predictions were also compared with past literature rates for CO2*, with good agreement for peak CO2* trends, and slight discrepancies in overall CO2* species time histories. Overall, the ability of the CO2* mechanism developed in this work to reproduce a range of experimental trends represents an improvement over existing models.
17

Excited state carbon acidity of the benzylic position of dibenzannelated cycloheptatrienes

Budac, David Patrick 10 April 2015 (has links)
Graduate
18

Non-adiabatic dynamics of excited states of molecular oxygen / by Jingbo Wang

Wang, Jingbo January 1989 (has links)
Typescript (Photocopy) / Bibliography: leaves vii-xiv. (second sequence) / [viii], 192, [34], xiv leaves : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physics and Mathematical Physics, 1989
19

Time dependent studies of fundamental atomic processes in Rydberg atoms /

Topçu, Türker. January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 163-)
20

Ab initio configuration interaction (CI) calculation of the charge-density susceptibility of molecular hydrogen and higher-order Van der Waals interactions from perturbation theory

Jacobsen, Ruth L. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Chemistry, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-278). Also issued in print.

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