The study was conducted to determine the relationships, if any, existing between certain expressed needs, wants and selected characteristics of (1) members of Cooperative Extension Service Homemaker Clubs and (2) homemakers not holding a membership in a Cooperative Extension Service Homemaker Club. The expressed needs, wants and selected characteristics of participants were concerned with the Cooperative Extension Service home economics program, including implementation and presentation.Data were obtained from written responses from a non-probability sample of 502 Delaware County, Indiana, homemakers, 304 Extension Homemaker Club members and 198 non-club members. The participants were attending a Holiday Hints activity on October 26, 1977, sponsored by the Cooperative Extension Service in Delaware County, Indiana.Nine null hypotheses were tested by using the chi-square test at 0.05 level of significance. Other data from the survey were presented in a descriptive manner.The following relationships between club and non-club members were evident based on the findings of the study: mare club members have knowledge of the Cooperative Extension. Service; more club members live in the rural area; non-club members have more years of formal education; club members are older; and club members have more desire to help decide on the Extension activities or lessons for the year.Over half of the club and non-club members were employed outside the home. The workshop and the demonstration were preferred by club and non-club members. Arts and crafts was the home economics subject matter area preferred by both club and non-club members. The activities and lessons preferred by club and non-club members were similar.There was a statistical relationship between the following variables: the age of the Extension Homemaker Club member and the time of day of attendance at Extension-sponsored home economics activities; the age of the homemaker not holding membership in an Extension Homemaker Club and the time of day of attendance at Extension-sponsored home economics activities; Extension Homemaker Club membership and frequency of attendance at Extension-sponsored home economics activities; and area of residence of the homemaker and Extension Homemaker Club membership.The following conclusions were drawn:1. The number of the potential clients served by the Extension home economics agents will be greater if additional programs are developed for women not belonging to Extension Homemaker Clubs.2. New methods should be utilized for extending Extension home economics information to the women.3. Concepts from other home economics subject matter areas should be incorporated into the arts and crafts activities and lessons sponsored by Extension.4. Programs which are provided for people involved in Extension home economics activities or lessons should involve a wide range of non-traditional activities and lessons in addition to the traditional activities.5. Non-club women should be involved in the program planning process.6. An evaluation form should be developed to be completed by women attending Extension-sponsored activities or lessons. Each activity and lesson should also be evaluated by the Extension home economists(s).

Brand extension has been the source of strategic growth for many firms during recent decades. Introducing new products under existing brand names is one way to use the image of a brand name to enter new markets. Previous research has shown that the success of a brand extension depends on the transfer of the parent brand associations to the extended product. Although the transfer of brand associations from the parent brand to the extension is recognised as crucial for the success of brand extension, surprisingly little research has been conducted on how brand associations actually are transferred. In the present research, I argue for expanding the view on brand extension to include market communication of product introductions. Explanations are provided on how brand associations are transferred in multiple brand extension from an advertising perspective. The empirical data are based on a case study of the personal and skin care brand Nivea and include an advertising analysis that spans a time period of 72 years, interviews with executives, and a document analysis. The interpretation of the case is guided by a review of the literature on brand extension, brand associations, and brand personality. Insights into how brand associations are transferred in multiple brand extension are advanced in the conclusion, emphasising that brand associations are transferred not only from parent brand to extended product but also from one extension to another. The results also show that the brand associations change due to contextual changes as a consequence of the transfer to a new product. The context refers to the intended user or usage situation. Furthermore, the study suggests that corporate associations reinforce brand associations of extended products. Finally, I propose that future research should include the organisation as part of the brand extension process. The study is intended to contribute to an increased understanding of brand extension, facilitating the creation of new hypotheses, research designs, and methods in the research area.

The major purpose of the study was to analyze perceptions of Area Extension Agents - Youth held by local 4-H adult leaders and junior leaders. In general, the study was designed to ascertain whether differences in perception between the two groups, categorized by age do, in fact, occur. More specifically, the hypotheses and sub-hypotheses were used to analyze differences in perceptions of 4-H adult leaders and junior leaders on; (1) ''real'' and ''ideal'' behavior of the youth agent, and (2) initiating structure and consideration dimensions of leadership behavior.The population for the study was defined as all 4-H adult leaders and junior leaders in Indiana during the year of 1972. Twenty counties were randomly selected from the total 92 Indiana counties for participation in the study. The Area Extension Agents Youth of the sample counties were requested to submit a list of 4-H adult leaders and junior leaders. The list was used to randomly select a sample of fifty 4-H adult leaders and fifty junior leaders for data collection. The LBDQ instrument which measures two dimensions of leadership, initiating structure and consideration, was used to collect data needed for the analysis. Four-H adult leaders and junior leaders were randomly assigned to the 'ideal' and 'real" forms of the questionnaire to maintain unbiased predictions of the population. Instruments completed by the individual respondents were coded by age group and by county.A 2 x 2 factorial analysis of variance design, accompanied by subsequent individual mean comparisons, was employed for analysis of the data. The F test for significance was applied for decision with regard to four major hypotheses and eight sub-hypotheses with an alpha of .05.The following conclusions were supported by the findings of the study: 1. The level of expectations for initiating structure-leadership with respect to clearly delineated relationships between the youth leader and the group, well-defined patterns of organization, channels of communication, and ways of getting the job done--is higher among Indiana 4-H adult leaders than the younger junior leader counterparts. Four-H adult leaders desire a more structured form of leadership.2. Expecations of 4-H adult leaders are the same as expectations of junior leaders with regard to youth agent consideration-leadership behavior indicative of friendship, mutual trust, respect, and warmth. Both groups have high levels of expectations.3. Junior leaders are better satisfied with the leadership of youth agents than are adult leaders with regard to both leadership dimensions, initiating structure and consideration.4. Youth leaders are not meeting the ideal expectations either group, the junior leaders or the adult leaders.

The study on different extension approaches was undertaken in the Bathurst area of New South Wales, Australia. One hundred farmers were surveyed in random pairs according to those who belong to the formal group, ???Landcare???, and those who did not. The survey included questions on personal, physical resources, ecological and economic factors, farm practices and management (including actual practice, use of extension methods and information sources) Focussing on behavioural change over time, attitudes, perceptions and intentions. The impact of extension approach on different levels of innovation was considered: simple (e.g. tree planting), medium (e.g. pasture development) and complex (soil erosion control) on behavioural change. It was hypothesised that the ???group??? extension approach should be more effective with complex innovations, but the main significant differences found were in level of tree planting (higher in government funded Landcare), money spent on erosion control (including tree planting) and attitudes to the severity of local erosion (all higher in Landcare members). There were no other differences in attitudes, intentions or change in farming practice except that non-Landcare farmers planted more pasture and applied more lime. The outcomes did not support the hypothesis, and it was not possible to distinguish the differences that did occur in performance from extension approach versus access to funds. Field days are an important extension method for the adoption of cropping by landholders. Among the different extension methods, those who conducted erosion control through pastures, preferred government officers and meetings. Those who adopted tree planting and were in Landcare preferred magazines as the extension method. This added further weight to the argument that the formal group extension approach may not be perceived by its members to have any influence on adoption at this level. Generally, mass media was more important in the early stages of adoption and personal influence more important in the evaluation stage. This also applied to simple versus complex innovations. Surprisingly all farmers placed a very high reliance on government officers for information and decision-making, particularly those in Landcare, compared to neighbours or family. Formal group extension still needs assessing but using models other than Landcare.

Firms frequently use brand extension strategies to enter new product categories. Another type of entry strategy is co-branding by effectively exploiting the equity of both constituent brands. Co-branding may effectively drive consumer preferences if consumers believe the combination of two brands offers a better solution than either one separately. However, there is also the risk that consumers may get confused with the combination, or have perceptions of strengths regarding one of the brands diluted, leading to the failure of this strategy. While much has been written on brand-category extension, despite its prevalence, the use of co-brands to enter a new category has attracted relatively little attention. In this study, the author models the effects on consumer perceptions and preferences of combining two brand names for a new product. The proposed model provides a mechanism to represent how consumers’ prior attribute beliefs about constituent brands, the extendibility of the brands into the extension category, the compatibility between the constituent brands, and the uncertainty associated with them can jointly determine their preferences for the co-branded product. The contribution that this model enables is a means to study co-branding and new category entry simultaneously, by assessing the drivers of consumer preference for a co-brand in a new product category. An empirical study is designed to test the model, using real brands and hypothetical extensions and co-brands. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications of this study are discussed.

Cretaceous continental extension was accommodated by the development of the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex, resulting in the separation of New Zealand from Gondwana. High grade (Lower Plate) and low grade (Upper Plate) rocks are separated by the Ohika and Pike Detachment Faults. The two detachment faults have distinctly different histories, with greater exhumation along the Pike Detachment Fault. The onset of crustal extension is proposed to have commenced along the Pike Detachment Fault at 116.2 ± 5.9 Ma (Rb/Sr dating). Both geochemical and geochronological approaches are adopted for this thesis, through the in situ analysis of oxygen and hafnium isotope ratios, trace metals and U-Pb content. Chemical changes are tracked during the petrogenesis of the Buckland Granite, with mafic replenishment observed in the later stages of crystallisation. Crystallisation temperatures of the Buckland Granite are calculated using zircon saturation thermometry, with an average Ti-in-zircon temperature of 697℃ (upper-amphibolite facies). Inherited zircons in Lower Plate rocks show distinct age peaks at c. 1000, 600 and 300 Ma, illustrating the incorporation of heterogeneous local crust (Greenland Group and Karamea Batholith). Model ages (TDM) are calculated for inherited zircons of the Lower Plate rocks, which record the time at which magma bodies (zircon host rocks) were extracted from the mantle. Maximum and minimum model ages for the Buckland Granite average at 3410 Ma and 2969 Ma, with the maximum TDM value of 3410 Ma coinciding with the proposed major crustal formation event of the Gondwana supercontinent at c. 3.4-3.5 Ga. Two distinct U-Pb zircon age peaks are observed in the Buckland Granite at 102.4 ± 0.7 and 110.3 ± 0.9 Ma. The 110.3 ± 0.9 Ma age is interpreted as the crystallisation age of the pluton, while the 102.4 ± 0.7 is proposed to represent a younger thermal (magmatic?) event associated with the 101-102 Ma Stitts Tuff.

Thesis (M.A.)--Columbia Biblical Seminary and Graduate School of Missions, Columbia, S.C., 1988. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-134).

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2005. / Abstract. Vita. Includes survey instrument. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (M. Sc. (Hons.)--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1996. / "A thesis submitted to the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury for the degree of Master of Science (Honours) -- T.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-183).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998. / "A thesis presented in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" -- tp.