The thesis was designed to gain insight into how Alzheimer’s disease influences selfhood from first-personal accounts of illness. The focus of the study was narrowed further by concentrating on the autobiographies of individuals diagnosed with Early-Onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD). The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the autobiographies of individuals with EOAD with the aim of understanding their selfhood. In this thesis I argue that, Alzheimer’s disease may influence a change in self, however, the self is not lost entirely. This thesis draws on the philosophical conception of narrated self as it allows for one perpetually constructed self, whereby a change in self does not necessarily mean the self is lost entirely. Through an interpretive analysis of six autobiographical accounts of Alzheimer’s, this thesis demonstrates that Alzheimer’s disease influences a loss of sense of self but that autobiography enables individuals with Alzheimer’s to (re)construct self.

Le diagnostic de maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) chez les patients de moins de 65 ans ou early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) est souvent difficile car la présentation clinique est fréquemment atypique, dominée par des signes non amnésiques. Les études antérieures sur les marqueurs de diagnostic précoce en imagerie se sont intéressées à l'imagerie structurelle et fonctionnelle dans l'EOAD mais aucune à la perfusion en IRM par la technique de marquage de spin ou arterial spin labeling (ASL). En effet, l'analyse de l'ASL demeure complexe, en particulier à l'échelle individuelle, du fait du faible rapport signal sur bruit des cartographies de perfusion et de l'hétérogénéité des zones atteintes à la phase initiale de la maladie. Notre premier objectif était technique et a consisté à optimiser l'interprétation des cartographies d'ASL grâce à la projection des anomalies de perfusion sur la surface du cortex extraite de l'acquisition morphologique T1 réalisée au cours du même examen, permettant d'accéder à une représentation tridimensionnelle interactive des données perfusionnelles. Le traitement des cartographies intégrait plusieurs étapes successives dont une correction des effets de volume partiel, une normalisation d'intensité spécifique et un lissage surfacique. Ce procédé a été appliqué sur les cartographies de 18 patients atteints d'EOAD avec une qualité de segmentation et de représentation des cartographies surfaciques obtenues jugées respectivement optimale et bonne dans 72 % des cas par deux lecteurs. Notre deuxième objectif était clinique et avait pour but de caractériser les altérations perfusionnelles et métaboliques par ASL et 18fluorodésoxuglucose-TEP (18F-FDG-TEP) sur un groupe de 37 patients atteints d'EOAD. Cette étude préliminaire à montré : (i) un pattern anatomique pathologique commun au niveau des lobules pariétaux inférieurs et des lobes temporaux ; (ii) des discordances entre les 2 techniques avec des lésions plus étendues en 18F-FDG-TEP et la détection en ASL de zones hypoperfusées additionnelles au niveau des lobes frontaux non visibles en 18F-FDGTEP. Ces deux travaux suggèrent que l'ASL pourrait donc devenir une séquence complémentaire clef dans l'arsenal des techniques d'imagerie utiles à un diagnostic précoce de l'EOAD et de la MA. Son utilisation en pratique clinique nécessite cependant une optimisation de sa représentation visuelle, et l'application corticale surfacique utilisée dans ce travail en représente une des voies potentielles. / The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients under the age of 65 years, called early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), remains a challenging issue due to the high incidence of atypical clinical presentations with non-memory symptoms. Although EAOD has been widely explored by structural and functional imaging, no previous study has examined the contribution of ASL in the assessment of cortical perfusion in this disease. Indeed, the analysis of ASL remains complex, especially at the individual level, due to the weak signal-to-noise ratio of the perfusion maps and the heterogeneity of pathological areas in the initial phase of the disease. Our first objective was technical and has consisted in optimizing the visual interpretation of ASL maps by the cortical surface-based projection of the perfusion alterations on the structural T1 sequence acquired during the same imaging protocol, providing a 3D interactive display of the perfusion data. Data processing included several successive steps, such as a partial volume effect correction, a specific intensity normalization and a surface-based smoothing process. It was applied on the perfusion maps of eighteen EOAD patients and the quality of segmentation and of cortical surface-based perfusion maps were scored as optimal in 72% in both cases by two readers. Our second objective was clinical and aimed to characterize the cerebral hypoperfusion and hypometabolism by ASL and 18F-FDG-PET in a group of 37 EOAD patients. Our preliminary study showed: (i) a similar pathological pattern located in the inferior parietal lobules and in the temporal cortex, (ii) discrepancies between the two modalities with the presence of more widespread hypometabolic regions detected by 18F-FDGPET and additionnai areas of alterations in the frontal lobes detected by ASL without apparent hypometabolism. Our studies suggest that ASL may become a useful complementary tool which, in combination with the existing structural and functional techniques, could offer improved efficiency in the difficult early detection of EOAD and AD. Its use in clinical practice, however, requires an optimization of its visual representation, and the cortical surface-based projection applied in this work represents one of the potential ways to this image quality improvement.

The thesis was designed to gain insight into how Alzheimer’s disease influences selfhood from first-personal accounts of illness. The focus of the study was narrowed further by concentrating on the autobiographies of individuals diagnosed with Early-Onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD). The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the autobiographies of individuals with EOAD with the aim of understanding their selfhood. In this thesis I argue that, Alzheimer’s disease may influence a change in self, however, the self is not lost entirely. This thesis draws on the philosophical conception of narrated self as it allows for one perpetually constructed self, whereby a change in self does not necessarily mean the self is lost entirely. Through an interpretive analysis of six autobiographical accounts of Alzheimer’s, this thesis demonstrates that Alzheimer’s disease influences a loss of sense of self but that autobiography enables individuals with Alzheimer’s to (re)construct self.