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Satellite communication and navigation applications suffer due to space weather phenomena. The effects are particularly pronounced in the equatorial regions, which are highly ionised and more easily susceptible to space weather effects than the mid latitude regions. Nevertheless, the bulk of the research on TEC profile and behaviour has been carried out with respect to mid-latitude regions. The contribution of the Upper Plasmasphere (the altitudes above semisynchronous orbit height up to the Plasmapause height) to the Total Electron Content at any given location has been and continues to be an un-quantified component. The PEACE instrument in the Chinese – European Space Agency Double Star TC1 satellite and its highly eccentric equatorial orbit provides an excellent opportunity to build Upper Plasmaspheric Electron Content (UPEC) components in the Equatorial region from empirical in-situ measurements of electron density along the orbit in the 20000km to 40000km altitude range. This work develops and presents a methodology for deriving Plasmaspheric Electron Content from In-Situ, empirical electron density measurements in highly eccentric, elongated equatorial orbits, using the data from the Double Star TC1 satellite. As such this thesis also generates a database of Upper Plasmaspheric Electron Content (UPEC) along the orbital path of the TC1. This work also proposes a dedicated mission to be launched with highly eccentric orbits to generate a comprehensive equatorial TEC database based on this methodology. This works envisions that future mission to be preferably launched in the equatorial belt, thus providing the opportunity to develop an archive of data as well as a real time source for better understanding of the Appleton anomaly Effects on Plasmaspheric Electron Content.

This master thesis deals with the greenhouse effect, various gases and methods of measurement. On the greenhouse effect is viewed from its historical dating, despite changes in atmospheric composition. It contains a theoretical analysis of the individual gases. It focuses on the most harmful greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons and halons. Analysis methods for detection of gaseous substances. Part of this work is focus on the detection of nitrogen dioxide, chloro-fluorocarbon and methane. The data is processed using a ATmega’s microcontroller and then sent to an Internet server thingspeak.com. If the device proves successful, will be used as a laboratory exercise in the course Ecology in electronics.

This semester thesis deals with the greenhouse effect, various gases and methods of measurement. On the greenhouse effect is viewed from its historical dating, despite changes in atmospheric composition and reactions of individual institutions. It contains a theoretical analysis of the individual gases. It focuses on the most harmful greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons and halons. Analysis methods for detection of gaseous substances. Part of this work is focus on the detection of nitrogen dioxide and chloro-fluorocarbon. The data is processed using a microcontroller and then sent to an Internet server thingspeak.com. If the device proves successful, will be used as a laboratory exercise in the course Ecology in electronics.