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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Environmental influences on cold-season cyclones over the North Pacific Ocean

Danielson, Richard E. January 2003 (has links)
A quantification of local energy dispersion is employed to distinguish cases of downstream baroclinic development, as described by Orlanski and Sheldon, from among 41 cold-season cyclones that intensified strongly over the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Complete summaries of the eddy energy budget are calculated for each event, and about half are found to be in general accord with the proposed evolution. Almost all of this subset appear to have been influenced by a dispersion of energy from separate cyclones developing over the western North Pacific a day or two earlier. The primary source for eddy energy dispersion downstream and subsequent generation near the eastern cases is a baroclinic conversion associated with ascent in the warm sector of the upstream cyclones. The importance of downstream baroclinic development is confirmed for one eastern North Pacific cyclone in two complementary ways. First, the original eddy energy diagnosis is compared to one based on wave activity. In terms of local group velocity, only minor differences are found during much of the initial evolution. It is only once the tropopause undulations lose their wave-like appearance that the group velocity calculated using eddy energy becomes faster than that depicted by wave activity. Second, by employing numerical simulations, the importance of downstream baroclinic development to the intensification of this cyclone is quantified. Various initial conditions are produced using potential vorticity inversion. Simulations in which an upstream trough/ridge couplet are removed from the initial conditions result in both the absence of a downstream baroclinic development and a weakening of the downstream surface cyclone. The remainder of this study investigates the relationship between cold-season cyclones and sea surface temperature anomalies for small groups of strong cyclones occurring in the western North Pacific region. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of the western ocean boundary currents and their strong sea surface temperature gradients to rapid cyclone development. Physical mechanisms governing this relationship have been studied extensively elsewhere. Here, proxy evidence of systematic changes in the role of surface heat and moisture fluxes during the cold season is presented. Cyclones of similar intensification rates are grouped according to their occurrence either during midwinter or during the early and late cold season. Systematic differences in sea surface temperature anomalies beneath these two groups are interpreted as a proxy for corresponding differences in preconditioning by the upperoceanic mixed layer. Submonthly sea level pressure variations for the same North Pacific cyclones appear to support an interpretation in terms of an upward oceanic influence. It is suggested that the role of preconditioning heat fluxes in cyclones varies because of large-scale seasonal changes in baroclinicity and in the availabilitv of water vapour already in the atmosphere. Similar differences are obtained using a group of strong western North Atlantic cyclones.
12

[A] Comparison of modelled arctic sea-ice concentration with observational data from 1958-1997

Armstrong, Anne January 2000 (has links)
Forty years (1958-97) of observed and four simulations of Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC) data are compared to document and better understand Arctic sea-ice variability. The four simulations result from four different forcings, and they are used in an attempt to quantify the relative importance of thermodynamic and dynamic forcings in the Arctic and its peripheral seas. The four runs (A through D) are forced as follows: Run A is forced with monthly varying monthly mean wind stresses and monthly varying climatological air temperatures, Run B is forced monthly varying monthly mean wind stresses and monthly varying monthly mean air temperatures, Run C is forced with daily varying winds and monthly varying climatological air temperatures and finally, Run D is forced with daily varying winds and monthly varying monthly mean air temperatures. Another goal of this study is to test the ability of the dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model used in the simulations to reproduce the observed sea-ice variability. / The dominant mode of anomalous winter (January-March) Arctic sea-ice variability, as determined from EOF analysis, exhibits centres of action in the Greenland and Barents Seas. The time series of this mode has a high winter-to-winter autocorrelation (0.62) and portrays a trend of diminishing ice cover in the above mentioned seas. The dominant mode of the simulated (for all four model runs) winter SIC exhibits a centre of action in the Norwegian-Barents Sea and the associated time series is not statistically significantly correlated to that of the observed. This result is expected as the sea-ice model does not simulate the ocean processes in the Greenland Sea. The dominant mode of simulated anomalous summer (July-September) Arctic seaice variability, as determined from EOF analysis, exhibits variability in all peripheral seas and compares well to previously published observations. The correlation coefficient of the associated time series for observed and simulated results is highest for the model run with a finer dynamical forcing (Run C). Regional time series analysis of area-averaged, anomalous, simulated SIC correlate best with the observed time series when the model is forced with a finer dynamical forcing (Runs C and D) as well, withthe highest correlations occurring in the Beaufort, East Siberian and Laptev Seas. Finally, a comparison of modelled and observed summer mean ice edge variability is presented. The model's ability to reproduce the observed variability in the summer mean ice edge is good and once again, the best comparisons occur when the model is forced with a finer dynamical forcing (Runs C and D) . / Quarante ans (1958-97) d'observations et quatre simulations de la concentration de la glace marine sont comparees pour document er et pour ameliorer notre comprehension de la variabilite de la glace marine de l' Arctique. Les quatres simulations (A aD) avaient pour but de quantifier l'importance relative des for<;ages thermodynamique et dynamique dans l'Arctique et ses mers peripheriques. Vne moyenne mensuelle des vents ainsi qu'une moyenne mensuelle climatologique de la temperature de l'air sont utilisees comme for<;ages dans la simulation A. Pour la simulation B, les for<;ages sont une moyenne mensuelle des vents ainsi qu'une moyenne mensuelle de la temperature de l'air. Les simulations C et D sont forcees avec des valeurs quotidiennes pour les vents. Mais, dans la simulation C une moyenne mensuelle climatologique de la temperature de l'air est utilisee alors qu'une moyenne mensuelle de la temperature de l'air est employee dans la simulation D comme for<;age thermodynamique. Cette etude a aussi pour but de tester la capacite du modele areproduire les observations de la variabilite de la concentration de la glace marine. / Quarante ans (1958-97) d'observations et quatre simulations de la concentration de la glace marine sont comparees pour document er et pour ameliorer notre comprehension de la variabilite de la glace marine de l' Arctique. Les quatres simulations (A aD) avaient pour but de quantifier l'importance relative des for<;ages thermodynamique et dynamique dans l'Arctique et ses mers peripheriques. Vne moyenne mensuelle des vents ainsi qu'une moyenne mensuelle climatologique de la temperature de l'air sont utilisees comme for<;ages dans la simulation A. Pour la simulation B, les for<;ages sont une moyenne mensuelle des vents ainsi qu'une moyenne mensuelle de la temperature de l'air. Les simulations C et D sont forcees avec des valeurs quotidiennes pour les vents. Mais, dans la simulation C une moyenne mensuelle climatologique de la temperature de l'air est utilisee alors qu'une moyenne mensuelle de la temperature de l'air est employee dans la simulation D comme for<;age thermodynamique. Cette etude a aussi pour but de tester la capacite du modele areproduire les observations de la variabilite de la concentration de la glace marine. / Quarante ans (1958-97) d'observations et quatre simulations de la concentration de la glace marine sont comparees pour document er et pour ameliorer notre comprehension de la variabilite de la glace marine de l' Arctique. Les quatres simulations (A aD) avaient pour but de quantifier l'importance relative des for<;ages thermodynamique et dynamique dans l'Arctique et ses mers peripheriques. Vne moyenne mensuelle des vents ainsi qu'une moyenne mensuelle climatologique de la temperature de l'air sont utilisees comme for<;ages dans la simulation A. Pour la simulation B, les for<;ages sont une moyenne mensuelle des vents ainsi qu'une moyenne mensuelle de la temperature de l'air. Les simulations C et D sont forcees avec des valeurs quotidiennes pour les vents. Mais, dans la simulation C une moyenne mensuelle climatologique de la temperature de l'air est utilisee alors qu'une moyenne mensuelle de la temperature de l'air est employee dans la simulation D comme for<;age thermodynamique. Cette etude a aussi pour but de tester la capacite du modele areproduire les observations de la variabilite de la concentration de la glace marine. Quarante ans (1958-97) d'observations et quatre simulations de la concentration de la glace marine sont comparees pour document er et pour ameliorer notre comprehension de la variabilite de la glace marine de l' Arctique. Les quatres simulations (A aD) avaient pour but de quantifier l'importance relative des for<;ages thermodynamique et dynamique dans l'Arctique et ses mers peripheriques. Vne moyenne mensuelle des vents ainsi qu'une moyenne mensuelle climatologique de la temperature de l'air sont utilisees comme for<;ages dans la simulation A. Pour la simulation B, les for<;ages sont une moyenne mensuelle des vents ainsi qu'une moyenne mensuelle de la temperature de l'air. Les simulations C et D sont forcees avec des valeurs quotidiennes pour les vents. Mais, dans la simulation C une moyenne mensuelle climatologique de la temperature de l'air e
13

The development of a computationally efficient high-resolution viscous-plastic sea ice model

Lemieux, Jean Francois January 2009 (has links)
This thesis presents the development of a high-resolution viscous-plastic (VP) sea ice model. Because of the fine mesh and the size of the domain, an efficient and parallelizable numerical scheme is desirable. In a first step, we have implemented the nonlinear solver used in existing VP models (referred to as the standard solver). It is based on a linear solver and an outer loop (OL) iteration. For the linear solver, we introduced the preconditioned Generalized Minimum RESidual (pGMRES) method. The preconditioner is a line successive overrelaxation solver (SOR). When compared to the SOR and the line SOR (LSOR) methods, two solvers commonly used in the sea ice modeling community, pGMRES increases the computational efficiency by a factor of 16 and 3 respectively. For pGMRES, the symmetry of the system matrix is not a prerequisite. The Coriolis term and the off-diagonal part of the water drag can then be treated implicitly. Theoretical and simulation results show that this implicit treatment eliminates a numerical instability present with an explicit treatment. During this research, we have also observed that the approximate nonlinear solution converges slowly with the number of OL iterations. Furthermore, simulation results reveal: the existence of multiple solutions and occasional convergence failures of the nonlinear solver. For a time step comparable to the forcing time scale, a few OL iterations lead to errors in the velocity field that are of the same order of magnitude as the mean drift. The slow convergence is an issue at all spatial resolutions but is more severe as the grid is refined. It is attributed in part to the standard VP formulation that leads to a momentum equation that is not continuously differentiable. To obtain a smooth formulation, we replaced the standard viscous coefficient expression with capping by a hyperbolic tangent function. This provides a unique solution and reduces the com / Cette thése de doctorat présente le développement d'un modéle a haute résolution visco-plastique (VP) de la glace de mer. Etant donné le maillage fin utilisé et la taille du domaine, un schéma numérique efficace et parallélisable est souhaitable. En premier lieu, nous avons utilisé le solveur non linéaire utilisé dans les mod éles VP existants (appelé le solveur standard). Ce solveur non linéaire est basé sur un solveur linéaire et une boucle externe (BE). Comme solveur linéaire, nous avons appliqué la méthode du résidu minimal généralisé avec préconditionneur (pGMRES). Le préconditionneur est un solveur de surrelaxation successive (SOR) par ligne. En comparant avec les autres méthodes utilisées dans la communauté, nous avons constaté que pGMRES est 16 fois plus rapide qu'un solveur SOR et 3 fois plus rapide qu'un solveur SOR par ligne. Pour pGMRES, la symétrie de la matrice du systéme n'est pas requise. Le terme de Coriolis et la partie hors diagonale de la contrainte du vent peuvent donc etre traités implicitement. Des résultats théoriques et des simulations démontrent que ce traitement implicite élimine une instabilité qui peut etre présente dans le cas d'un traitement explicite. Au cours de cette recherche, nous avons aussi observé que la solution non linéaire approximée converge trés lentement avec le nombre d'itérations de la BE. De plus, des résultats de simulation montrent: l'existence de solutions multiples et des cas de non convergence du solveur non linéaire. Lorsque le pas de temps est comparable a l'échelle temporelle du forçage, un petit nombre d'itérations de la BE implique des erreurs sur les vitesses simulées du meme ordre de grandeur que la vitesse moyenne. La lente convergence est un probléme pour toutes les résolutions spatiales mais est plus sévére a haute résolution. Elle est attribuable entre autr
14

Global impacts of the Drake Passage on ocean circulation and climate as modulated by the Ismuth of Panama

Yang, Simon January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
15

Modeling the variability of the liquid freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean

Jahn, Alexandra January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
16

Western boundary intensification of the oceans: insight from beta-plane turbulence

Gauvin St-Denis, Blaise January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
17

Cessation of southern ocean deep convection under anthropogenic climate change

de Lavaissiere de Lavergne, Casimir January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
18

Modeling ice algae in the Canadian Artic Archipelago

Pogson, Lynn January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
19

Eddy diffusivities from a doubly-periodic quasi-geostrophic model of the Antarctic circumpolar current

Murray, Claire January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
20

A Comparison of modelled arctic sea-ice concentration with observational data from 1958-1997

Armstrong, Anne January 2000 (has links)
No description available.

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