No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This research examines the role of the animated film in the portrayal of time series data, specifically change in the British population. It concentrates on cartographic animation and first reviews techniques developed thus far for computer-animated generation of maps for films. In order to generate an animated film, time; series data is first needed. Existing sources of time series data are shown to contain serious deficiencies for this purpose, and thus a new set of population data is generated for Britain throughout the period 1901 - 1971, and based on the Census. Ways of presenting change in this data set are then examined. Conventional methods of measuring change in the population, whilst satisfactory in static cartography, have definite limitations when used in animated cartography. Two methods, based on population density and on expected change in the population, are developed and the results mapped. As with conventional methods of measuring change, standard cartographic techniques may not be used in animated filming with any degree of success, and the resultant film shows significant departures from accepted cartographic theory. The method of film production is then examined, from the compilation of the maps themselves, through the use of the microfilm plotter in generation of the film, to the final sound tracking. The resultant film is enclosed with the thesis; the final chapter examines the success of this film. Whilst significant imperfections are shown in this example, it is concluded that the animated film has a role to play in the portrayal of time series data.

A survey of Myxosporidia in teleosts from the South-Western coast of England demonstrated the widespread occurrence of these parasites. Infection in selected fish species was related to age, sex and seasonal migration of the host. Structural studies of Myxobolus exiguus and Myxidium incurvatum were undertaken in order to investigate sporogenesis, parasite development and the host-parasite interface. Of particular note was the intimate association between parasite and host cells, the structure of the surface layers in Myxobolus exiguus and Myxidium incurvatum, and the occurrence of epithelioid cells in developmental stages of Myxobolus exiguus. Myxobolus exiguus was transmitted experimentally in mullet, and aspects of the mode of infection, including exsporulation, were studied in this and other species, including those with coelozoic development patterns. Experiments designed to simulate the gut biotope identified the action of trypsin and mechanical fracture as important exsporulation factors in Myxobolus exiguus. The release of spores and their dispersal and survival outside the host were investigated, and the possible existence of intermediate transport hosts discussed. Pathological effects of histozoic and coelozoic myxosporidian infection were examined in selected hosts. Fibroblastic encapsulation of plasmodia, and hyperplasia, characterised intestinal and branchial infections of Myxobolus exiguus in mullet, and cystic replacement of renal tissue was associated with Myxidium giardi infection in eels. Biliary myxosporidiosis caused chronic irritation and fibrosis of the gall bladder wall, increased bile viscosity and discolouration. Incidence, periodicity and severity of various Myxosporidian infections are discussed with regard to their disease potential and possible impact on commercially-important teleost species.

No description available.

The aim of this study has been to derive quantitative sediment information on Amazonian rivers from photographic transparencies of Landsat multispectral scanner data covering the spectral range 0.5 to 1.1 rm. Various factors such as scattering and absorption, determining the volume reflectance of a water body are discussed with particular emphasis on the significance of particle size to Mie scattering by suspended particles. The changes in signal due to atmo~pheric conditions are.exRDined. Ratios of signals in selected spectral bands are shown to be effective in measurinG suspended sediment in individual North American water bodies suppressing atmospheric and solar elevation effects. The question of extrapolation of this technique between areas and the constraints involved are analysed. The errors involved in extracting signal values from NASA transparencies are estimated by comparing computer compatible tape and transparency derived values. Suspended sediment values are estimated for Amazonia using a calibration from North American water bodies. Comparisons with field measurements show the broad validity of this technique. Seasonal and downstream variations are investigated for some of the princip~l tributaries as are the problems of vertical and horizontal variations in the river cross sections. The Amazonian sediment values are used as part of a broad classification of Amazonian rivers including a discussion of their morphologies. Concentrations of suspended sediment estimated for the tributaries rising in the Andes and its foothills are found to be much higher than those for tributaries originating in the Brazil and Guiana Shields.