In Tripsacum dactyloides, an ancestor of modem maize, genes that control floral development have not been described. A research program to identify and analyze the genes that control and regulate floral development in Tripsacum, has been undertaken through the bioinformatics analysis of Tripsacum cDNA libraries and suppression subtractive EST libraries of stage- and developmentally- specific Tripsacum floral tissue. Comparative analysis of nucleotide sequence data has revealed numerous genes previously described within other floral genomes such as Oryza sativa (rice), Zea mays (maize), Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), Triticum spp. (wheat) and Rosa rosesum (rose) well as unique gene sequences. Attempts have been made to characterize the unique genes through analysis of conserved domain sequence segments. / Department of Biology

In the present study, DNA sequences associated with an apomixis gene inPennisetum ciliare were isolated from a distantly related grass species, Tripsacum dactyloides. Primers were developed for two bioinformatics-identified candidate genes (Pca2l and Pca24) for apomixis in Pennisetum ciliare. Homologous gene sequences were successfully isolated from both diploid (2n=36) and tetraploid (4n=72) Tripsacum using the primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Bioinformatics analysis of the purified, cloned and sequenced PCR products revealed that the isolated homolog of the Pca2l gene varies significantly between the diploid and the tetraploid Tripsacum. Comparative genome analyses against Oryza, Zea, Arabidopsis, Pennisetum, Tripsacum and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide collection (nr) have shown that the PCR-generated sequences are reproductive specific. Analysis of the Trip2lT3c sequence was shown to be a Rab2 homolog with an e-value of 9e-23. Further proteomics analyses of the putative gene products have revealed that the Pca2l and the Tripsacum sequences may be partially conserved, with the Trip2lT3c sequence more highly conserved than the Trip21D3a. / Department of Biology

Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / Clenton E. Owensby / Currently there are no model inputs for eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L] for use in the National Research Council's (NRC) beef cattle model. This study was conducted to determine model inputs for two eastern gamagrass varieties for use with the forage database of the NRC model. Cattle producers in the Midwestern US will be able to evaluate eastern gamagrass in a forage system and estimate net energy for maintenance (NEm), metabolizable protein (MP), and degradable intake protein (DIP) balance for various production scenarios. Eastern gamagrass varieties 'Iuka' and 'Pete' were arranged in a split-plot randomized complete block experiment with four replications. Varieties were whole plots with harvest maturities as split plots. Plant tissue was harvested from both varieties at four maturities: vegetative/early elongation, anthesis, seed shattering and dormancy. Various compositional attributes were determined on forage samples to enable the determination of model inputs for predicting energy and protein balances. A slight difference between varieties was found for crude protein concentration (p<0.05). Differences (p<0.05) due to maturity were found for all analyses used in the model, corroborating the decline in nutritive value of eastern gamagrass with advancing maturity. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 593 g kg-1 at the vegetative/early elongation stage of maturity to 731 g kg-1 at dormancy. Assumed animal and environmental inputs were used for beef cattle at two stages: nonlactating 160 d prepartum and 60 d peak lactation. Energy and protein balance were estimated using level I of the model. The vegetative/early elongation stage of development supplied the greatest amount of MP. Digestible intake protein declined as plant tissue matured. All but the vegetative/early elongation stage of maturity were limited in DIP for cows in both stages of production. Soybean meal was used as a protein supplement in amounts ranging from 0.8 kg to 1.4 kg to meet nutritional demands of cattle grazing eastern gamagrass at anthesis, seed shattering and dormancy. In the simulations conducted, eastern gamagrass would be an acceptable forage source for beef cattle provided that appropriate protein supplementation was given when the forage was at more advanced stages of maturity.