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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hydroxydes doubles lamellaires, synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés / Layered double hydroxides, synthesis in polyol medium, characterization and properties

Drici, Nawal 19 January 2015 (has links)
L’étude cinétique a permis de déterminer le temps d’équilibre atteint lors de la fixation du benzopurpurine 4B sur chaque composé, ainsi que l’ordre de la réaction et la nature du mécanisme de diffusion. Cette adsorption est favorisée par un milieu légèrement basique, et l’augmentation de la température a un effet positif sur l’amélioration des performances maximales de la fixation. L’étude des isothermes d’adsorption de ce colorant, a été établie pour déterminer l’efficacité de cette nouvelle classe d’adsorbants. Ces dernières sont de type L, et les donnés de sorption ont été traitées selon plusieurs modèles, afin de mieux comprendre le mécanisme d'adsorption du colorant sur les différents matériaux. L’analyse des résultats de l’étude thermodynamiques a montré que l’adsorption du colorant sur les différents composés est un phénomène spontané, endothermique et favorable, régie par une adsorption physique pour les matériaux CoFe-CO3/Ec, CoFe-CO3/A et MgAl-CO32- et par une adsorption physico-chimique pour les matériaux CoFe-Ac/p, CoNiFe-Ac/p , et MgAl-500. Ces résultats ont été confirmés par les analyses DRX et IR des différents matériaux avant et après adsorption. En comparant les résultats obtenus pour l’adsorption du colorant sur les différents matériaux, le composé CoNiFe-Ac/p constitue le meilleur adsorbant avec une capacité d’adsorption d’environ 593mg/g. Par conséquent, et compte tenu de l’ensemble des résultats fournis par cette étude, l’hydrolyse forcée en milieu polyol, s’avère une méthode très efficace pour l’élaboration des hydroxydes doubles lamellaire à base de métaux de transition avec une morphologie contrôlée, de taille nanométrique présentant un faible taux d’agglomération, et par conséquent une bonne dispersion de particules et un meilleur pouvoir adsorbant. Ces caractéristiques peuvent être à l’origine de l’application de ces matériaux avec succès dans l’élimination des colorants contenant dans les effluents industriels. / New layered double hydroxides (LDHs) CoFe-Ac, CoNiFe-Ac, ZnNiFe-Ac and ZnCoFe-Acwith MII/MIII molar ratio of 3, and acetate ions in the interlayer region have been preparedusing forced hydrolysis of acetate metallic salts in a polyol medium. The structure,morphology and properties of as-prepared product were investigated by X-ray Diffraction(XRD), FT-IR Spectroscopy, elemental analysis, transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis (DTA, TGA) and V-visibleSpectroscopy: showed that these nanocomposites present the typical features of hydrotalcitelikestructure, exhibit a turbostratic character and the intercalation of acetate anions into theinterlayer domain has been successfully done, giving an interlayer spacing value of 12.70,12.47, 13.64 and 14.69 Å for CoFe-Ac, CoNiFe-Ac, ZnNiFe-Ac and ZnCoFe-Acrespectively.We can note that there is some difference between the interlayer spacing for all synthesizedphases. That can be explained by the arrangement of inserted species (anions + water) indifferent orientation in the interlayer domain.57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry allows concluding the presence of Fe3+ cations which occupyoctahedral sites and confirming the absence of Fe2+ in the as-prepared compounds.In order to check the capacity of our materials synthesized in polyol medium to exchange theacetate anions inserted in their interlamellar space, anionic exchange in aqueous medium waseffected for CoFe-Ac compound as à model of synthesized LDH. All the physicochemicalmethods of analysis (DRX, IR, ATD/ATG and elemental analysis) carried out on the materialCoFe- Ac /EC (exchanged). The comparison with a lamellar phase containing oFeCO3/Asynthesized in aqueous medium, show a layered double hydroxide compound with aturbostratic disorder, and a new interlamellar distance d003 = 7.67Å which correspondsperfectly with the presence of the carbonate anions and the water molecules in the interfeuilletfield.In the second part of this study, we are interested to examine the capacities of these kinds ofmaterials for the adsorption of an anion dye benzopurpurine-4B-. The adsorption of direct red2 by CoFe-Ac, CoNiFe-Ac LDHs has been examined in order to measure the capability ofthis new organic/inorganic nanomaterial to eliminate this highly toxic azoic class of anionicdyes from wastewater. The sorption capacities of LDHs for Benzopurpurine4B are also compared with those of other adsorbents : CoFe- Ac /Ec, CoFeCO3/A (synthesized in aqueous medium), Mg-Al-CO3/A and its calcined product at 500°C “Mg-Al-500”. The quantity of dye eliminated was found to depend on contact time, pH, initial concentration of dye and heating temperature. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° werecalculated to predict the nature of adsorption. Results suggested that the Benzopurpurine 4B adsorption on different compounds was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Adsorption kinetic data were tested using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovitch’sequation and intra-particle diffusion models. Kinetic studies for all cases showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second order reaction. Studies revealed that intra-particle diffusion played an important role in the mechanism of dye adsorption by MgAl-500. Theequilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Elovitch, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson and Toth isotherm models. [...] Taking these results into account, we can conclude that prepared LDHs by forced hydrolysis in a polyol medium can be used successfully in the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions.

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