Submitted by Daniella Sodre (daniella.sodre@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-13T13:37:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Suellen Tarcyla Lima.pdf: 4917476 bytes, checksum: b5b26d7fdcd830af3505235ae00dd008 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-13T13:37:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Suellen Tarcyla Lima.pdf: 4917476 bytes, checksum: b5b26d7fdcd830af3505235ae00dd008 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-28 / FACEPE / As associações ecológicas estabelecidas na natureza têm sido alvo de estudo de vários pesquisadores, não sendo diferente no ambiente marinho. No mar profundo, onde há escassez de substratos duros ou consolidados, os octocorais oferecem uma alternativa de substrato biogênico para uma considerável epifauna. Destro desta temática os octocorais de mar profundo se apresentam como um grupo pobremente explorado, e mais ainda a sua participação direta no ecossistema como substratos biogênicos. O objetivo desse trabalho identificar taxonomicamente os organismos que realizam associação ecológica com octocorais de profundidade da espécie Nicella spicula Cairns, 2007 a fim de compreender a relação ecológica estabelecida e a importância biológica do octocoral em mar profundo. Foi analisado o padrão de distribuição e preferência desses organismos nas colônias. Os espécimes analisados foram coletados, durante o mês de maio de 2011, ao largo da Bacia Potiguar (RN), em campanhas do Programa de Caracterização e Monitoramento Ambiental da Bacia Potiguar, realizado pela PETROBRAS, em profundidades de até 108 m. O total de colônias e fragmentos coletados foi de 205 deste montante foram triadas colônias completas nas quais foi assinalada a relação de epibiose. As identificações taxonômicas foram conduzidas ao menor nível possível. Os resultados apontaram para uma diversidade de organismos pertencentes aos Filo Echinodermata e ao Filo Cnidária A constatação da relação supracitada nos levou a reafirmação do valor ecológico e ambiental dos octocorais nos recifes de profundidade, sendo de suma importância a preservação e manutenção desses organismos que atuam como substrato e regulam diretamente a riqueza e diversidade nos fundos oceânicos.

Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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A total of 627 echinoderm species (12 crinoids, 185 asteroids, 185 ophiuroids, 95 echinoids and 150 holothuroids) are known from the shallow and deep waters between southern California and southern Peru, and an up-to-date classification scheme is given for them. Distribution tables provide detailed presence-absence data for latitudinal increments, geographic range endpoints, depth ranges, and substrate associations of each species. Annotated lists of all species include relevant synonyms and mistaken records as well as literature citations used for both lists and distribution tables. A species-level biogeographic analysis shows that echinoderm provinces conform to those generally observed for other marine taxa, including mollusks, crustaceans and fishes. Based on cluster analysis and more traditional approaches (using species richness, faunal turnover and faunal composition), overall faunal similarity of the shelf echinoderms is very high between 23°N and 4°S, in the tropical Panamic province. There is a northern warm-temperate fauna (California province) between Pt. Conception, California and Pt. Eugenio, Baja California that also extends into lower Baja and the Gulf of California. Warm-temperate elements in the subtropical Gulf of California distinguish it from the tropics, and it is recognized as a faunal province in spite of its low endemism. Echinoderm endemism is unusually high in the Galapagos province and is attributed to the wide habitat diversity and isolation of the archipelago. There is no evidence for a Mexican province, but there is evidence for a distinction between the tropics to the north and south of Costa Rica/Panama. Transition zones (especially in Panama and southern California) often have high species richness, increased habitat diversity, and a number of endemic species. The warm-water eastern Pacific genera are most closely related to those of the west Atlantic tropics, but very few species are shared between the regions. Trans-Pacific species in the CEP are widespread throughout the region. A confinement of Indo-Pacific species to offshore CEP islands is only seen at Clipperton Island, the lone coral atoll of the eastern Pacific.

Cd levels were measured in three different body compartments of the echinoid Stomopneustes variolaris after exposure to concentrations of 5 ug 1l, 20 ug 1l and 50 ug 1l Cd for a period of two weeks. The body compartments investigated included the intestine, gonads and skeleton. The gonads did not exhibit dose-dependent bioaccumulation. The levels of cadmium in the intestine and skeleton were significantly different between the treatments, suggesting that dose dependent bioaccumulation had occurred in these compartments (except in the skeleton where higher levels -were recorded for those exposed to 20 ug 1l than those exposed to 50 ug 1l) The levels recorded in the intestine were higher than those recorded in the gonads and skeleton at the higher Cd exposures of 20 and 50 ug 1i. The levels accumulated in the gonads and skeleton were not significantly different from each other. A separate group, exposed to 20 ug 1`1Cd over a period of two weeks, was placed in uncontaminated seawater to determine if the echinoids were capable of bioremediation. Bioremediation was found to lower the Cd levels in the gonads, but not in the intestine and skeleton. Cadmium levels for the three body compartments were also recorded from specimens collected from the field, indicating the presence of this element in the environment. In addition to using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was used as a comparative technique to detect the presence of Cd in the skeleton of the urchin. Cadmium was detected in the skeleton with AAS, but not with EDX. S. variolaris proved to be a capable biomonitor of Cd contamination. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2002.

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Oreaster reticulatus was studied in eight populations inhabiting shallow-water grassbeds and/or sand bottoms off Carriacou and Union Island in the Grenadines, and off St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands (Caribbean). The sea star is fundamentally an omnivorous, microphagous substratum grazer: grassblades and/or surface sediments are accumulated beneath the disc by tube feet, and associated micro-organisms and detritus are ingested and digested by extraoral eversion of the cardiac stomach. Substratum grazing involves minimal foraging effort; however, the low concentration of particulate food resources necessitates frequent feeding. O. reticulatus also has a limited capacity for herbivory and can hydrolyze soluble algal cell contents. Opportunistic predation and scavenging of macrofauna may provide an important nutritional supplement, although capturable prey or carrion are generally unavailable or inaccessible to the sea star. Marked differences in individual size, storage and reproductive capacity among neighboring populations of O. reticulatus are attributed to differences in the quality and/or quantity of food resources. Intraspecific competition may limit productivity, particularly in isolated sand patches containing dense and extremely aggregated populations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1988. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.