Introdução: O consumo de drogas é um problema de saúde pública e o combate ao crack coloca em evidência uma das atuais fragilidades do Sistema de Saúde no Brasil. Os níveis de atenção não se encontram integrados e há falta de conhecimento sistematizado para a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Objetivo: Buscar, por meio de Revisão Sistemática, abordagens efetivas no manejo de adultos usuários de crack no contexto da APS. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática realizada nas principais bases de dados eletrônicos e estudos adicionais, no período de 2003 a 2013, com adultos maiores de 19 anos de idade, usuários de crack, sem distinção inicial de estudos por delineamentos e com Língua Portuguesa, Espanhola ou Inglesa. Foram usados dois instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade das evidências científicas – o Health Evidence Bulletin Wales, 2004, e o Grade Working Group (2008). Resultados: De 2017 estudos encontrados nas buscas bibliográficas, e após duas etapas de seleção, foram eleitos 31 estudos e incluídos 16 artigos, 6 com delineamentos observacionais e 10 de intervenção. Dos estudos observacionais, 2 foram avaliados com boa qualidade, e, dos 10 estudos de intervenção, 1 estudo foi classificado com qualidade de evidência moderada, 5 com baixa qualidade de evidência e 4 com muito baixa qualidade de evidência. Conclusões: A Revisão Sistemática não obteve artigos que apresentassem evidências de alta qualidade para serem orientadas ao contexto da APS. O limite estipulado para busca de estudos nos últimos dez anos limitou o aporte de referências com evidências, e permanecem as orientações anteriores a este período. Contudo, foi possível traçar uma proposta para este contexto que pode ser detalhada e merece ser avaliada pelos pares, especialistas em APS. / Introduction: Drug use is a public health problem and combating crack highlights one of the weaknesses of the current health system in Brazil. The levels of care are not integrated and there is a lack of systematic knowledge for dealing with this problem in Primary Health Care. Objective: Search through Systematic Review, effective approaches in the management of adult crack users in the context of the Primary Health. Methodology: A Systematic Review performed in major electronic databases and additional studies in the period 2003-2013, in adults older than 19 years old, crack users, irrespective of study design and including for Portuguese, Spanish or English . We used two evaluation instruments to grade scientific evidence - the Health Evidence Bulletin Wales, 2004 and the Grade Working Group (2008). Results: Of 2017 studies found from literature searches, and after two selection steps 31 studies were elected and 16 articles included, 6 with observational and 10 intervention designs. Two observational studies were evaluated with good quality and among the ten intervention studies, one study was classified with moderate quality of evidence, five with low quality of evidence and four with very low quality of evidence. Conclusions: This Systematic Review did not obtain articles with evidence of high quality to be oriented to the context of Primary Health Care. The limit set for search of studies over the past decade, limited the supply of references with evidence, and the guidelines prior to this period remain. However, it was possible to outline a proposal for this context which can be detailed and should be evaluated by peers, experts in Primary Health Care.

Introdução: O consumo de drogas é um problema de saúde pública e o combate ao crack coloca em evidência uma das atuais fragilidades do Sistema de Saúde no Brasil. Os níveis de atenção não se encontram integrados e há falta de conhecimento sistematizado para a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Objetivo: Buscar, por meio de Revisão Sistemática, abordagens efetivas no manejo de adultos usuários de crack no contexto da APS. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática realizada nas principais bases de dados eletrônicos e estudos adicionais, no período de 2003 a 2013, com adultos maiores de 19 anos de idade, usuários de crack, sem distinção inicial de estudos por delineamentos e com Língua Portuguesa, Espanhola ou Inglesa. Foram usados dois instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade das evidências científicas – o Health Evidence Bulletin Wales, 2004, e o Grade Working Group (2008). Resultados: De 2017 estudos encontrados nas buscas bibliográficas, e após duas etapas de seleção, foram eleitos 31 estudos e incluídos 16 artigos, 6 com delineamentos observacionais e 10 de intervenção. Dos estudos observacionais, 2 foram avaliados com boa qualidade, e, dos 10 estudos de intervenção, 1 estudo foi classificado com qualidade de evidência moderada, 5 com baixa qualidade de evidência e 4 com muito baixa qualidade de evidência. Conclusões: A Revisão Sistemática não obteve artigos que apresentassem evidências de alta qualidade para serem orientadas ao contexto da APS. O limite estipulado para busca de estudos nos últimos dez anos limitou o aporte de referências com evidências, e permanecem as orientações anteriores a este período. Contudo, foi possível traçar uma proposta para este contexto que pode ser detalhada e merece ser avaliada pelos pares, especialistas em APS. / Introduction: Drug use is a public health problem and combating crack highlights one of the weaknesses of the current health system in Brazil. The levels of care are not integrated and there is a lack of systematic knowledge for dealing with this problem in Primary Health Care. Objective: Search through Systematic Review, effective approaches in the management of adult crack users in the context of the Primary Health. Methodology: A Systematic Review performed in major electronic databases and additional studies in the period 2003-2013, in adults older than 19 years old, crack users, irrespective of study design and including for Portuguese, Spanish or English . We used two evaluation instruments to grade scientific evidence - the Health Evidence Bulletin Wales, 2004 and the Grade Working Group (2008). Results: Of 2017 studies found from literature searches, and after two selection steps 31 studies were elected and 16 articles included, 6 with observational and 10 intervention designs. Two observational studies were evaluated with good quality and among the ten intervention studies, one study was classified with moderate quality of evidence, five with low quality of evidence and four with very low quality of evidence. Conclusions: This Systematic Review did not obtain articles with evidence of high quality to be oriented to the context of Primary Health Care. The limit set for search of studies over the past decade, limited the supply of references with evidence, and the guidelines prior to this period remain. However, it was possible to outline a proposal for this context which can be detailed and should be evaluated by peers, experts in Primary Health Care.

Introdução: O consumo de drogas é um problema de saúde pública e o combate ao crack coloca em evidência uma das atuais fragilidades do Sistema de Saúde no Brasil. Os níveis de atenção não se encontram integrados e há falta de conhecimento sistematizado para a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Objetivo: Buscar, por meio de Revisão Sistemática, abordagens efetivas no manejo de adultos usuários de crack no contexto da APS. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática realizada nas principais bases de dados eletrônicos e estudos adicionais, no período de 2003 a 2013, com adultos maiores de 19 anos de idade, usuários de crack, sem distinção inicial de estudos por delineamentos e com Língua Portuguesa, Espanhola ou Inglesa. Foram usados dois instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade das evidências científicas – o Health Evidence Bulletin Wales, 2004, e o Grade Working Group (2008). Resultados: De 2017 estudos encontrados nas buscas bibliográficas, e após duas etapas de seleção, foram eleitos 31 estudos e incluídos 16 artigos, 6 com delineamentos observacionais e 10 de intervenção. Dos estudos observacionais, 2 foram avaliados com boa qualidade, e, dos 10 estudos de intervenção, 1 estudo foi classificado com qualidade de evidência moderada, 5 com baixa qualidade de evidência e 4 com muito baixa qualidade de evidência. Conclusões: A Revisão Sistemática não obteve artigos que apresentassem evidências de alta qualidade para serem orientadas ao contexto da APS. O limite estipulado para busca de estudos nos últimos dez anos limitou o aporte de referências com evidências, e permanecem as orientações anteriores a este período. Contudo, foi possível traçar uma proposta para este contexto que pode ser detalhada e merece ser avaliada pelos pares, especialistas em APS. / Introduction: Drug use is a public health problem and combating crack highlights one of the weaknesses of the current health system in Brazil. The levels of care are not integrated and there is a lack of systematic knowledge for dealing with this problem in Primary Health Care. Objective: Search through Systematic Review, effective approaches in the management of adult crack users in the context of the Primary Health. Methodology: A Systematic Review performed in major electronic databases and additional studies in the period 2003-2013, in adults older than 19 years old, crack users, irrespective of study design and including for Portuguese, Spanish or English . We used two evaluation instruments to grade scientific evidence - the Health Evidence Bulletin Wales, 2004 and the Grade Working Group (2008). Results: Of 2017 studies found from literature searches, and after two selection steps 31 studies were elected and 16 articles included, 6 with observational and 10 intervention designs. Two observational studies were evaluated with good quality and among the ten intervention studies, one study was classified with moderate quality of evidence, five with low quality of evidence and four with very low quality of evidence. Conclusions: This Systematic Review did not obtain articles with evidence of high quality to be oriented to the context of Primary Health Care. The limit set for search of studies over the past decade, limited the supply of references with evidence, and the guidelines prior to this period remain. However, it was possible to outline a proposal for this context which can be detailed and should be evaluated by peers, experts in Primary Health Care.

No description available.

Benthic mobile invertebrates are important components of coral-reef diversity and community structure, though, in most cases, their ecological contributions are poorly known. Baseline information on their diversity, prevalence, assemblages, and ecological roles is needed to aid in the conservation of coral-reef habitats. The objectives of this study are to 1) describe diversity and assemblages of epibenthic, mobile invertebrates in shallow water coral-reef communities in Florida, 2) evaluate their ecological roles by reviewing published literature on diet, and 3) measure the degree of linear dependence between mobile invertebrates and scleractinian corals. Underwater surveys were conducted in the summer of 2013 at 40 sites distributed along the Florida Reef Tract from Broward County to the Dry Tortugas. The presence/absence of all mobile, epibenthic invertebrate fauna observed were recorded and identified to the lowest level possible. The survey data include 618 records of 116 unique taxa, 83 species, 61 genera, 46 families, 19 orders, seven classes, and four phyla of mobile invertebrates, comprising herbivores, detritivores, carnivores, omnivores, and suspension feeders. These taxa represent 22% of the comparable taxa in a historical dataset that spans 60 years, plus an additional 18 taxa. The survey data also show that the percent composition of major phyla is similar to the historical dataset, despite taxonomic bias evident in the historical dataset. During the survey, novel unique taxa were encountered frequently, but were seldom recurrent, which highlights their cryptic nature. While regional patterns were not identified in the study, assemblages of dominant taxa were characteristic of reef type: echinoderms were the most diverse on patch reefs and southeast Florida reef complexes, mollusks were most diverse on shallow bank reefs, and arthropods were diverse on deep bank reefs, Southeast Florida reef complexes, and shallow bank reefs. Herbivorous mobile invertebrate diversity was negatively correlated with scleractinian coral diversity, underlining competition between corals and macroalgae, and association of herbivores with macroalgae. All of these results suggest that reef types are distinct, but interrelated communities of fauna having specific habitat requirements and important roles. This study also reinforces the challenges in assessing the diverse and often cryptic mobile invertebrate fauna and emphasizes the need for further research and monitoring to detect changes in their communities for the conservation of Florida reef systems.

The importance of parental nutritional status on planktotrophic larvae was investigated in both laboratory-conditioned and field (populations) parents of two New Zealand echinoderms: the sea urchin Pseudechinus huttoni and the starfish Sclerasterias mollis. Three questions were addressed: (i) Does parental nutritional status affect the reproductive features (gonad index, gametogenesis, fecundity and biochemical composition) both in the laboratory and under natural conditions? (ii) Does parental nutritional status affect egg characteristics (diameter, number, dry weight, fertilization rate and biochemical composition)? (iii) Are the characteristics of larvae (growth, development, morphology, mortality rate and body composition) influenced by parental or larval nutrition (or both)? To answer the first question, adult P. huttoni and S. mollis were maintained in the laboratory with a low or high diet (in terms of quantity and quality for P. huttoni, and in terms of quantity for S. mollis) for one year. The effect of low and high diets on reproductive features was studied and the same parameters were studied in two parental populations with dissimilar food availability (for P. huttoni: Otago Shelf and Doubtful Sound populations; for S. mollis: Otago inshore and offshore populations). To address the second question, egg characteristics of the laboratory-held and field parents were measured. The third question was answered by rearing larvae of the laboratory and field parents with both low and high concentration planktonic diets. P. huttoni reared in the laboratory with a higher food ration had greater gonad indices and lipid concentration and larger oocyte area. Sea urchins from the Doubtful Sound population had higher food availability, greater gonad lipid concentration and larger oocytes. Parental nutrition had some effect on the characteristics of the egg in P. huttoni. The laboratory-held urchins fed a high diet produced larger eggs: P. huttoni from Doubtful Sound produced larger eggs with a greater carbohydrate concentration. P. huttoni larvae from low-fed laboratory and Otago Shelf parents had faster development The effect of larval nutrition was more important than parental food availability on larval growth and development. Feeding parents in the laboratory had no effect on larval morphology but larvae from Doubtful Sound, which had better food availability, had longer arms relative to body width. A higher cell concentration in the planktonic diet led to shorter larval arm relative to body width. In S. mollis reared in the laboratory, a higher food ration led to larger gonad and pyloric caeca indices. The starfish from an Otago inshore population mainly had a higher gonad index than those from an Otago offshore population. In the laboratory-held parents S. mollis, nutrition had no effect on the egg characteristics. In the field, starfish with higher food availability produced smaller eggs with lower carbohydrate concentration. There was no significant difference between development rates of S. mollis larvae from low and high fed laboratory parents. However, those from the Otago inshore parents, with better food availability, had faster development than the larvae from Otago offshore parents. In S. mollis larvae, the origin of the parents (either from the laboratory or the field) had no effect on larval shape. A higher concentration planktonic diet led to longer larvae relative to body width in larvae from high-fed laboratory parents. In both P. huttoni and S. mollis, parental and larval diet had no effect on rate of instantaneous larval mortality. In both P. huttoni and S. mollis larvae, biochemical composition of the larvae and the egg were different to each other. Egg reserves appear not to be a factor which affects larval characteristics in these species.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri Temel Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Kaynakça var.

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-110). Description: xiii, 110 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2017-09-06T16:34:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 200681.pdf: 25571242 bytes, checksum: ae598f834c43be1cee8c2f8f822bb22a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T16:34:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 200681.pdf: 25571242 bytes, checksum: ae598f834c43be1cee8c2f8f822bb22a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1979 / Revisão da literatura existente sobre Amphiuridae, particularmente das regiões Antártica e Subantártica. São discutidos os gêneros e subgêneros propostos pelos diversos autores. Os espécimes estudados foram obtidos nas viagens dos Navios "HERO " e "ELTANIN" no programa USARP àquelas regiões. Foram encontradas 11 espécies de Amphiura Forbes, 1843 e 3 de Amphioplus Verrill, 1899. Duas espécies têm ampliada sua área de distribuição geográfica, Amphiura (A.) proposita Koehler, 1922 é a primeira vez referida às Ilhas Shetland do Sul e Amphiura (A.) hinemoae Mortensen, 1924 a região Subantártica Magalãnica. Constatamos a grande variação nos caracteres morfológicos taxonômicos em algumas espécies estudadas, como Amphiura (A.) deficiens Koehler, 1922, cuja escamação na face ventral do disco, próximo ao escudo oral, pode ser total ou sem escamas. Amphioplus peregrinator (Koehler, 1922) devido ao número de papilas orais, não se ajusta a qualquer dos subgêneros de Amphioplus. Em decorrência dessas variações recomendamos a adoção da fórmula oral proposta por CLARK (1970) e a aplicação dos princípios da taxonomia numérica a este grupo, mais eficientes do que as descrições altamente subjetivas que têm sido empregadas até o presente.

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2017-09-18T23:31:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 200624.pdf: 6251748 bytes, checksum: cb51827e644f4b40547e8f693dde8647 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T23:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 200624.pdf: 6251748 bytes, checksum: cb51827e644f4b40547e8f693dde8647 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1982-07-06 / CAPES / O estudo baseia-se em 383 exemplares de Echinaster distribuídos em 12 localidades ao longo da costa brasileira, do Ceará para o sul. Além da descrição dos caracteres, quatro variáveis numéricas são comparadas graficamente, por localidade. Obteve-se o seguinte resultado: no Nordeste encontrou-se apenas E. echinophorus (Lamarck), e no Sudeste e Sul E. brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, aparentemente existindo, no Espírito Santo, uma zona de hibridação. E sentus, E. antonioensis e E. spinulosus, quando citadas para o litoral Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, são sinonimizadas com E. brasiliensis. Julga-se ainda E. densispinulosus Tommasi sinônimo de E. brasiliensis e, quanto a E. nudus Tommasi, sugere-se que sejam feitos maiores estudos, com material procedente da plataforma continental. A presença de E. brasiliensis no litoral Nordeste é discutida, assim com a situação do litoral Norte. / 383 specimens of Echinaster are studied from 12 localities along Brazilian coast south of the state of Ceará. Besides description of characters, four numerical variables are compared graphically for each locality. The following result was obtained: it was only found E. echinophorus (Lamarck), in the Northeast and E. brasiliensis Müller & Troschel in Southeast and South Brazil. E sentus, E. antonioensis and E. spinulosus when cited from Southeastern and Southern Brazilian coast, are synonymised with E. brasiliensis. E. densispinulosus Tommasi is believed to be a junior synonym of E. brasiliensis and, concerning E. nudus Tommasi, its presence at continental shelf needs confirmation. Occurrence of E. brasiliensis in Northeast Brazil is discussed, as well as situation of the Northern littoral.