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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Variação morfológica geográfica em lagartos dos gêneros Micrablepharus e Vanzosaura (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Gymnophthalmini) e teste de hipóteses biogeográficas com o uso de modelagem de distribuição / Geographical variation in morphology of the genus Micrablepharus and Vanzosaura (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Gymnophthalmini) and test of biogeographic hypotheses with the use of species distribution modeling

Recoder, Renato Sousa 03 April 2012 (has links)
Vanzosaura rubricauda e Micrablepharus maximilian são duas espécies de lagartos microteídeos (Gymnophthalmidae) com ampla distribuição na \"grande diagonal\" de formações abertas da América do Sul. Ao longo de suas distribuições, as espécies estão sujeitas a condições ambientais muito variáveis, em região com complexa história geomorfológica. Representam bons modelos para estudo de variação geográfica. Com o uso de técnicas de biometria e análise espacial, estudei os padrões de variação geográfica em morfometria em V. rubricauda e M. maximiliani. Ambas as espécies apresentaram dimorfismo sexual e variação geográfica significante em morfometria e contagem de escamas. A variação geográfica em V. rubricauda é concordante entre os sexos e pode ser definida por um contraste entre alongamento do corpo e tamanho dos membros. Populações do \"Cerrado leste\" se destacam por possuir menor tamanho, troncos mais curtos, membros longos e baixo número de subcaudais lisas. Os padrões de coloração são grandemente variáveis em nível local, havendo polimorfismo em populações da Caatinga e em uma do Chaco. Em M. maximiliani a variação geográfica observada é menos evidente, porém populações do \"Cerrado oeste\" se destacam pelo maior tamanho e maiores contagens de escamas, enquanto do grupo \"Nordeste\" apresentam troncos mais curtos e pés proporcionalmente maiores. Em relação aos padrões geográficos, é destacada a heterogeneidade morfológica entre populações das duas espécies na região do Cerrado, e sua diferenciação em relação às populações do semiárido e restingas litorâneas. O modelo ecogeográfico que melhor explica a variação em V. rubricauda é aridez, determinando um contraste em morfologia entre populações do Cerrado em relação a outras regiões. Para M. maximiliani, temperatura, sazonalidade e geografia tiveram maior poder explanatório, no entanto, o padrão geografico é afetado por autocorrelação espacial. Modelos de paleodistribuição sugerem que flutuações climáticas podem ter causado isolamento de populações em climas pretéritos mais secos que o atual. O grau de diferenciação intraespecífica em V. rubricauda sugere a necessidade de uma reavaliação taxonômica do gênero. / Vanzosaura rubricauda and Micrablepharus maximilian are two species of microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae) widespread in the \"great diagonal\" of open formations in South America. Throughout their distribution, the species are subject to highly variable environmental conditions, in a region with complex geomorphological history. Therefore, represent good models for a study of geographic variation. With the use of biometry techniques and spatial analysis I studied the patterns of morphological variation in V. rubricauda and M. maximiliani. Both species showed sexual dimorphism and significant geographical variation in morphometry and scale counting. Geographic variation in V. rubricauda is consistent between the sexes and can be defined by a contrast between body elongation and length of limbs. Populations of \"Eastern Cerrado\" are distinguished by having smaller body size, shorter trunks, longer limbs and low number of smooth subcaudal scales. The color patterns are highly variable at the local level, with polymorphism in populations of the Caatinga and Chaco. In M. maximiliani geographical variation observed is less clear however, populations of the \"Western Cerrado\" are larger and possess higher scale counts, while the group \"Northeast\" present shorter trunks and proportionately larger feet. Regarding geographic patterns, the morphological heterogeneity among populations of both species in the Cerrado region is highlighted, and its differentiation from the populations of the \"Northeast\" group. The ecogeographical model that best explains the variation in V. rubricauda is aridity, due a contrast in morphology between populations of the Cerrado in relation to other regions. For M. maximiliani, temperature, seasonality and geography had greater model selection; however, the geographical pattern is affected by spatial autocorrelation. Paleodistributional models suggest that climatic fluctuations may have caused isolation of population during past climates with drier conditions than current. The degree of intraspecific differentiation in V. rubricauda suggests the need of a taxonomic reassessment for the genus.
2

Variação morfológica geográfica em lagartos dos gêneros Micrablepharus e Vanzosaura (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Gymnophthalmini) e teste de hipóteses biogeográficas com o uso de modelagem de distribuição / Geographical variation in morphology of the genus Micrablepharus and Vanzosaura (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Gymnophthalmini) and test of biogeographic hypotheses with the use of species distribution modeling

Renato Sousa Recoder 03 April 2012 (has links)
Vanzosaura rubricauda e Micrablepharus maximilian são duas espécies de lagartos microteídeos (Gymnophthalmidae) com ampla distribuição na \"grande diagonal\" de formações abertas da América do Sul. Ao longo de suas distribuições, as espécies estão sujeitas a condições ambientais muito variáveis, em região com complexa história geomorfológica. Representam bons modelos para estudo de variação geográfica. Com o uso de técnicas de biometria e análise espacial, estudei os padrões de variação geográfica em morfometria em V. rubricauda e M. maximiliani. Ambas as espécies apresentaram dimorfismo sexual e variação geográfica significante em morfometria e contagem de escamas. A variação geográfica em V. rubricauda é concordante entre os sexos e pode ser definida por um contraste entre alongamento do corpo e tamanho dos membros. Populações do \"Cerrado leste\" se destacam por possuir menor tamanho, troncos mais curtos, membros longos e baixo número de subcaudais lisas. Os padrões de coloração são grandemente variáveis em nível local, havendo polimorfismo em populações da Caatinga e em uma do Chaco. Em M. maximiliani a variação geográfica observada é menos evidente, porém populações do \"Cerrado oeste\" se destacam pelo maior tamanho e maiores contagens de escamas, enquanto do grupo \"Nordeste\" apresentam troncos mais curtos e pés proporcionalmente maiores. Em relação aos padrões geográficos, é destacada a heterogeneidade morfológica entre populações das duas espécies na região do Cerrado, e sua diferenciação em relação às populações do semiárido e restingas litorâneas. O modelo ecogeográfico que melhor explica a variação em V. rubricauda é aridez, determinando um contraste em morfologia entre populações do Cerrado em relação a outras regiões. Para M. maximiliani, temperatura, sazonalidade e geografia tiveram maior poder explanatório, no entanto, o padrão geografico é afetado por autocorrelação espacial. Modelos de paleodistribuição sugerem que flutuações climáticas podem ter causado isolamento de populações em climas pretéritos mais secos que o atual. O grau de diferenciação intraespecífica em V. rubricauda sugere a necessidade de uma reavaliação taxonômica do gênero. / Vanzosaura rubricauda and Micrablepharus maximilian are two species of microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae) widespread in the \"great diagonal\" of open formations in South America. Throughout their distribution, the species are subject to highly variable environmental conditions, in a region with complex geomorphological history. Therefore, represent good models for a study of geographic variation. With the use of biometry techniques and spatial analysis I studied the patterns of morphological variation in V. rubricauda and M. maximiliani. Both species showed sexual dimorphism and significant geographical variation in morphometry and scale counting. Geographic variation in V. rubricauda is consistent between the sexes and can be defined by a contrast between body elongation and length of limbs. Populations of \"Eastern Cerrado\" are distinguished by having smaller body size, shorter trunks, longer limbs and low number of smooth subcaudal scales. The color patterns are highly variable at the local level, with polymorphism in populations of the Caatinga and Chaco. In M. maximiliani geographical variation observed is less clear however, populations of the \"Western Cerrado\" are larger and possess higher scale counts, while the group \"Northeast\" present shorter trunks and proportionately larger feet. Regarding geographic patterns, the morphological heterogeneity among populations of both species in the Cerrado region is highlighted, and its differentiation from the populations of the \"Northeast\" group. The ecogeographical model that best explains the variation in V. rubricauda is aridity, due a contrast in morphology between populations of the Cerrado in relation to other regions. For M. maximiliani, temperature, seasonality and geography had greater model selection; however, the geographical pattern is affected by spatial autocorrelation. Paleodistributional models suggest that climatic fluctuations may have caused isolation of population during past climates with drier conditions than current. The degree of intraspecific differentiation in V. rubricauda suggests the need of a taxonomic reassessment for the genus.
3

Characterization and physiological regulation of glucose transporter 2 in the liver of the wood frog, <i>Rana sylvatica</i>: implications for freeze tolerance

Rosendale, Andrew J. 24 June 2014 (has links)
No description available.
4

What's in a tooth? : signals of ecogeography and phylogeny in the dentition of macaques (Cercopithecidae: Macaca)

Grunstra, Nicole Dieneke Sybille January 2018 (has links)
The aim of the present work was to investigate the impact of the varying environmental conditions on the taxonomic and phenotypic diversification of a geographically widespread and ecologically successful Old World primate genus, the macaques (Cercopithecidae: Macaca). To this end, the relationship between geography, ecology, phylogeny, and phenotypic variation among macaques was investigated. Constraints to phenotypic variation – and thus evolution – were also analysed in the form of observed amounts of phenotypic variation and patterns of phenotypic integration. A total of 72 standard linear measurements of teeth and associated cranial and mandibular structures were taken for a total sample of 744 specimens from 13 species of macaques. Climate and ecological data were collated from the literature. Univariate and multivariate statistics were employed for the analysis. Patterns of variation, covariation, and allometry were analysed in the dentition, both within and between species. The ecogeographical analysis was carried out by means of two-block partial least squares and a type of multivariate regression, both in a phylogenetic framework. Phylogenetic signal was tested for by means of Blomberg’s K. Macaque teeth differ in their variability. All teeth covary with each other, although correlations are strongest within tooth classes. Size was a strong contributing factor to dental integration, as evinced by lower correlations between teeth once allometric effects were removed. Integration patterns also showed modularity between the anterior and the posterior dentition. Between-species variation in overall craniodental size was associated with temperature, latitude, and body size. Species also varied, albeit to a lesser degree, along an antero-posterior contrast in relative tooth size. Larger anterior were found to be associated with frugivory and tropical ecology, whereas a larger posterior dentition was linked to a more folivorous diet and temperate environments. The latter pattern was largely a function of phylogenetic relatedness. Phylogenetic signal was generally strong in the dentition, although it was substantially greater in the anterior teeth (incisors and canines) than in the posterior teeth (premolars and molars). Macaques show adaptive differentiation in body size in response to temperature along a latitudinal cline, corroborating the presence of the Bergmann effect in macaques. There was no conclusive support for further adaptive differentiation, despite an association between relative tooth size and diet. Allometry appears to channel evolutionary divergence of macaques along a line of least evolutionary resistance, and developmental modularity allows for partly uncoupled evolution of the anterior and posterior dentition. Future research should be aimed at broadening the taxonomic scope to include craniodental variation of the African papionins and cercopithecins in order to put the observed macaque patterns in a broader evolutionary context.

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