The conception of environmental quality is common used in our society. Ecological farming is one of the most quality orientated agricultural system. The experiment was conducted in the Kazliskiai ecological farm of Lithuanian University of Agriculture. There were different kind of investigation determined earlier on the farm, but there were no investigation made on the influence of weedy trench to winter-wheat field. The aim of this work is to determine how weedy trench influences segetic flora and its botanical structure in winter- wheat agrophytocenozis. The tasks, which help to gain the aim: 1. To analyze how the amount of weeds change receding from weedy trench; 2. To analyze how the botanical structure of weeds change receding from weedy trench; 3. To evaluate interrelationship between amount of weeds and their botanical structure due to weedy trench. The object of the research work – the winter-wheat field segetic flora of Kazliskiai ecological farm. The following methods were used in this work: • The analysis of scientific literature; • The calculation of segetic flora amount and its botanical structure in workspaces; • The statistical analysis using EXCEL, DISPERS programs. The results of this work show: The weedy trench has a positive influence on the amount of segetic flora. It is 2-4 times bigger nearby weedy trench than in the middle of the field. The botanical structure changes only in autumn but not numerously.

The diploma thesis "Yield formation of winter wheat in ecological agriculture " is focused on classification of genotypes of bread wheat on the basis of the morphological characters and yield output of bread wheat in ecological farming system. The field trials were set up by using the method of random blocks in the years 2005 and 2006 on the experimental area of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. 10 Austrian genotypes of bread wheat were tested: Capo, Ludwig, Clever, Eurofit, Element, Eriwan, SE 408/04, SE 320/05, SE 304/05 a SE 322/04. The results are focused on the postharvest analysis the main yield components {--} number of spike per square meter, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight (TGW). The yield and theoretical yield is presented there too. The number of grains per spike, the level of yield and TGW were relatively high. On the other hand the number of spikes per square meter doesn´t reach to expected value in ecological farming. The results were analysed by ANOVA of main effects in programme Statistica. The tested Austrian genotypes showed the possibility of using them in the conditions of ecological farming in the Czech Republic.

The European Commission Bioeconomy Strategy aims to stimulate an ecologically sustainable economy to mitigate climate change, declining biodiversity, and as an economic and social strategy meant to provide jobs and stimulate growth. The aim of this research project is to understand how the European Commission Bioeconomy Strategy is being interpreted and implemented in two different rural European regions, Inner Scandinavia, and the Alpine region, and based on those findings discuss how a sustainable bioeconomy strategy can be understood primarily in relation to the ecological sustainability goals of decarbonizing the economy and protecting biodiversity. This project has through literature studies and a case study with interviews, field observations and a spatial analysis of the territory using Corine Land Cover data highlighted the importance of links between governance and policy as enablers of ecologically, socially, and economically sustainable bioeconomy strategies. The results indicate three models comprised of distinct landscape types associated with specific bioeconomy strategies that are discussed in relation to the key concepts, bioeconomy, and sustainability. The analysis demonstrates that certain bioeconomy strategies may provide economic and social sustainability and not necessarily ecological effects. In fact, certain bioeconomy strategies, despite being framed as sustainable, may even be detrimental for ecological sustainability

The aim of this thesis was the evaluation of the meat performance of Salers beef-cattle bred in two private farms under different climatic conditions (altitude) one farm was situated 450 m above sea level, the other 750850 m above sea level. The evaluation included 36 purebred breeding-cows and 87 calves in the first farm and 38 purebred breeding-cows and 64 calves in the second farm. The observation was carried out in the period 20142016. The average age of the cows bred in the lower altitude farm was 8.5 years, 6.3 years in the second farm. The average calving interval of cows in the first farm was 392.10 days, calving interval of cows from the mountain area farm was 492.60 days. The first calving of cows was reached in three years on both farms (2.8 and 2.9 years respectively). The calves born on the farm in the higher altitude had higher birth weight and daily gains to the age of 210 days. The difference of the average birth weight between the groups was 5.7 kg, 10.94 kg at the age of 120 days, and 25.63 kg at the age of 210 days. When comparing live weight, the calves from natural breeding had better results than the calves from artificial insemination. The study proved an excellent milking capacity of Salers cows and therefore a good growth ability of the calves even under mountain condition of Šumava.

The objective of this thesis was to assess the potato varieties produced by ecological and conventional farming, to find out the deviations of cooking types and to establish the cooking quality of the tubers The cooking quality of potatoes was established subjectively, based on sensory analysis. The individual characteristics of the cooking quality which were assessed included the colour of flesh, consistency, texture, flouriness, moisture, taste, and tuber darkening after cooking. The results suggest that the characteristics of the cooking quality depend mostly on the variety. The year of growth and the ways of farming also form a minor influence. The deviations of the actual cooking type of the assessed varieties from the declared cooking type were established according to the method of the Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority. The results of the assessed varieties show that the cooking type was not affected; minor differences were caused by the year of growth.

<p>Den biologiska mångfalden är viktig inom lantbruket. Jordbrukslandskapets mångfald är vacker för människan att se på och spännande och rogivande att vistas i. Mångfalden innehåller även en genbank som kan bli mycket etydelsefull i framtiden. Dessutom innebär oftast en rik mångfald bland ogräsen även en rik mångfald bland insekter och andra djur, däribland skadeinsekternas predatorer, vilket bidrar till produktiva åkrar. Ogräsens mångfald på åkern beror till stor del på geografiskt läge, klimat och berggrund. Även odlingssättet och tillhörande odlingsåtgärder är avgörande för hur åkerns ogräsflora ser ut. En odlingsåtgärd som har ett stort inflytande över ogräsflorans sammansättning, är användningen, eller uteslutandet, av herbicider. </p><p>Uppsatsens fältstudie består av ogräsinventeringar genomförda på två åkrar – en konventionellt odlad och en ekologiskt odlad. Den konventionella åkern är behandlad med syntetiska herbicider och den ekologiska är det inte. Studien visar att den ekologiska åkern hade fler arter, en rikligare mångfald, och många fler plantor än den konventionella åkern. Artsammansättningen tyder på att den konventionella åkern var något mer näringsrik och hade ett lägre pH.</p> / <p>Biological diversity is important in agricultural systems. The diversity of the agricultural landscape is beautiful to the human eye and it provides an exciting as well as soothing environment. Diversity also denotes genetic resources that can be of great importance in the future. Furthermore, a high biological diversity of weeds most often means a high diversity of insects and other animals, among them the predators of pests, which contributes to high productivity of the arable fields. The diversity of weed in a field depends on its geographical location, the climate and the bedrock. Other factors of great importance to the composition of the weed flora are the farming methods (conventional/ecological) and the specific measures used. One measure that has a high influence on the composition of the weed flora is the use, or exclusion, of herbicides. </p><p>The field study of this paper consists of weed inventories of two arable fields – the first cultivated per traditional methods and the second per ecological methods. Herbicides are used in the conventional field but not in the ecological one. The study shows that the ecological field had more secies, a greater diversity, and far more plants than the conventional field. The composition of the weed species indicates that the conventional field had a slightly higher nutritive value and a lower pH value.</p>

Den biologiska mångfalden är viktig inom lantbruket. Jordbrukslandskapets mångfald är vacker för människan att se på och spännande och rogivande att vistas i. Mångfalden innehåller även en genbank som kan bli mycket etydelsefull i framtiden. Dessutom innebär oftast en rik mångfald bland ogräsen även en rik mångfald bland insekter och andra djur, däribland skadeinsekternas predatorer, vilket bidrar till produktiva åkrar. Ogräsens mångfald på åkern beror till stor del på geografiskt läge, klimat och berggrund. Även odlingssättet och tillhörande odlingsåtgärder är avgörande för hur åkerns ogräsflora ser ut. En odlingsåtgärd som har ett stort inflytande över ogräsflorans sammansättning, är användningen, eller uteslutandet, av herbicider. Uppsatsens fältstudie består av ogräsinventeringar genomförda på två åkrar – en konventionellt odlad och en ekologiskt odlad. Den konventionella åkern är behandlad med syntetiska herbicider och den ekologiska är det inte. Studien visar att den ekologiska åkern hade fler arter, en rikligare mångfald, och många fler plantor än den konventionella åkern. Artsammansättningen tyder på att den konventionella åkern var något mer näringsrik och hade ett lägre pH. / Biological diversity is important in agricultural systems. The diversity of the agricultural landscape is beautiful to the human eye and it provides an exciting as well as soothing environment. Diversity also denotes genetic resources that can be of great importance in the future. Furthermore, a high biological diversity of weeds most often means a high diversity of insects and other animals, among them the predators of pests, which contributes to high productivity of the arable fields. The diversity of weed in a field depends on its geographical location, the climate and the bedrock. Other factors of great importance to the composition of the weed flora are the farming methods (conventional/ecological) and the specific measures used. One measure that has a high influence on the composition of the weed flora is the use, or exclusion, of herbicides. The field study of this paper consists of weed inventories of two arable fields – the first cultivated per traditional methods and the second per ecological methods. Herbicides are used in the conventional field but not in the ecological one. The study shows that the ecological field had more secies, a greater diversity, and far more plants than the conventional field. The composition of the weed species indicates that the conventional field had a slightly higher nutritive value and a lower pH value.

The diploma thesis compares economical effectiveness of selected crop cultivation (namely winter wheat and oats) in conventional and ecological economic systems during the years 2007 - 2014. Assessment of the economical balance was done through detected data about yield and redemption price. In addition to that, costs of both area and production unit within both mentioned types of farming were determined according to standard technological approaches. The study further deals with crop yields differences analysis within individual farming systems, the costs structure and price differentiations between ecological and conventional production. It also covers the question of the amount of subsidies and its influence on the final crop profitability.

Landuse for farming purposes in specially protected areas could be characterised as a longterm process of seeking balance between the concerns of environmental protection and farming activities. This is also true for agriculture. Precautions to protect the environment mean certain limitiation, however, on the other hand, suitable forms of farming a large protected area can be supported by the state. Farmers can gain the government support not only for their own agricultural production but also to carry out various environmental task to maintain the landscape. This diploma thesis evaluates the use of governmental support in the protected area Třeboňsko. It analyses the structure of farms and agriculture companies, the system of farming activities, structure and development of farmland. According to the system of farming, it evaluates the use of financial support from the Ministry of Agriculture with the emphasis on the environmental protection and its improvement. It also finds out about the importance of the subsidies for the farmers. Based on the analyses that were carried out it is possible to say that all types of farming companies make use of the subsidy support from the Ministry of Agriculture. The farmers use the Programme for Rural Areas Development to permanently develop the country and improve the environmment. They use mainly the payments for natural disadvantage compensation and for agroenvironmental precautions. The subsidies often form a substantial source of the farming subjects' income.

The literary part was elaborated on the basis of studies of literary and electronic sources. The practical part was elaborated from the database of Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information. There are about 236 ecofarms involved in the region of South Bohemia. In terms of practical part were set questions, which were mainly focused on the field of production and distribution of meat and fat products, milk and dairy products, fruits and cereals and potatoes in the bioquality. These questions were destined for 35 chosen ecofarms and 14 ecoproducers in the South Bohemia. Respondents were interviewed via telephone or via email.