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This thesis explores the role of unequal power relationships between business enterprises in the UK brewing sector and how these asymmetries shape the dynamic and direction of changei n patternso f geographicailn dustrialisation.P ower has,t o date,r emaineda largely neglected concept in economic relationships as considered in economic geography. A new model of geographical industrialisation is developed in this thesis that focuses on capital: capital relations, incorporates the dynamic nature of enterprises and the networks of relations within which they are embeddedt,h e asymmetryo f power relations within and betweene nterprisesa ndt he dynamicc hangesin markets tructured uring periodso f recession and restructuring. It further seeks to explore the relationship between stability and instability in the derivation of emerging patterns of geographical industrialisation. The model is based on the concept of circuits of power (Clegg, 1989) which has been successfully applied to economic geography over recent years (Taylor, 1995,1996; Taylor and Hallsworth, 1996,1999; Taylor eta!, 1995). In this model inequalities in power between enterprisese stablishesth e basesu pon which competition can take place and go on to create the context within which social relationships are established and can develop. However, as currently specified this approach neglects the collective agency of enterprises inherent in segmented economic sectors (Taylor and Thrift, 1982a, 1982b, 1983). By the incorporation of appropriate insights from the study of complexity, collective agency, the element of process within the circuits of power framework, can be more fully understood. In this way those processes that create instability and flux in enterprises, but which at the same time lead to periodic stabilisations, can be identified. The thesis is divided into four parts. Part I. makes explicit the limitations of current theories of geographical industrialisation (Chapters 1 and 2) and proposes a new model (Chapter 2), incorporating the concepts of circuits of power and complexity, that addresses these limitations. Part II of the thesis (Chapters 3,4 and 5) tests the model against historical trajectories of change in the UK brewing sector identifying six cycles of change since 1700. For each cycle, by applying the model, the processes that have instigated and promulgated change are made explicit. Distinct enterprise segmentations, associated with each period of relative stability during these cycles, are also identified. Part III of the thesis, through a questionnaire survey (Chapter 6) and a series of semistructured interviews (Chapter 7), uses the model to examine the state of the UK brewing sector at the present time. Chapter 6 identifies contemporary enterprise segments active within the sector and the differential action of pressures upon these segments. In doing so the path dependent trajectories ofchange ofenterprise segments, and the limitations imposed upon such trajectories, are made explicit. Chapter 7 considers, through the model, the day to day interactions of enterprise segments and how these interactions reinforce the negotiated inequalities inherent in asymmetrical power relations. Coping strategies adopted by enterprises during a period of instability are identified and the relationship between the market and interpersonal relationships are made explicit. It is concluded that the model proposed in this thesis provides for a more realistic interpretation of changing patterns of geographical industrialisation than previous models

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This dissertation investigates the question: why do some regions industrialize and others do not? The research focuses on industrialization in Germany in the second half of the 19th century when the country adopted British steam technology and built a dense railroad network. The central thesis is that the adoption of steam powered machinery created incentives for manufacturers to concentrate production in central areas and around coal fields. The railroad boom lowered trade costs and thereby made it feasible to serve distant markets from these central locations. As a result, the Ruhr Area gained industrial employment in large numbers while regions in Bavaria and East Elbia lost their traditional manufacturing centers. Specifically, the first chapter finds that increases in the use of steam power led to a rise in the spatial concentration of manufacturing industries and higher co-location with coal mining. The second chapter compares the effects of access to coal and access to consumer markets on regional industrial employment to separately identify the impact of coal fields and the population centers that formed around them. The results show that access to coal was more important than access to consumer markets for the location of metal production and textiles. The third chapter shows that improvements in market access had a negative impact on manufacturing growth in regions with below median per capita manufacturing employment, but for regions above this mark the impact was positive. This means that the transportation improvements did not support the dispersion of industry but instead contributed to the geographic concentration of industrialization. Together the chapters show that the adoption of steam powered technology in manufacturing and transportation raised the spatial concentration of manufacturing and help to explain why industrial development was not more widespread in Germany.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1958. / Typescript. Type C project. Sponsor: Phillip Bacon. Dissertation Committee: Teunison C. Clark, Willard Jacobson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-201).

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