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This thesis addresses the gap in the literature of the Gulf Cooperation Council and its distinct relations with the European Union by identifying the obstacles preventing the development of GCC–EU interregionalism, in two case studies: energy security and economic cooperation in the Mediterranean. By bringing an empirical application of interregionalism to the study of GCC–EU relations, the thesis draws an original comparison that is based on a Hettne and Söderbaum typology of regionness (2000) to determine the GCC’s and the EU’s types, levels of actorness and the subsequent type of interregionalism resulting from the interaction between their kinds. The theoretical construct of the thesis underlines interregionalism as a tool for consolidating the organisations’ identities and actorness and increasing their capacities at exerting influence within the changing dynamics in the regional and global theatres. In addition, this thesis sheds light on the obstacles that impede the development of interregional cooperation and the mechanism to overcome them. As such, the thesis considers the dynamics instigating the renewed interest in deepening GCC–EU interregional relations; outlines the tools available at the GCC and the EU, and highlights the implications of the Arab Spring and GCC–Asia ties on GCC–EU relations. By avoiding benchmarking the EU as a model, the thesis purports that cooperation in energy security is ongoing and is opening avenues for promising partnerships in renewables, energy sustainability and efficiency. On the other hand, the divergence in the organisations’ levels of actorness, economic strategies and the unwillingness to assess policies are major hindrances against a successful partnership in the Mediterranean. Asymmetries in actorness, bilateralism, the American influence and the growing GCC–Asia ties do impact the development of the relations; albeit, they do not impede the multilateral framework from producing unintended outcomes in other areas of the relations.

Ng Hoi Lam. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-149). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ix / Acknowledgments --- p.xi / List of Abbreviations，Tables and Figures --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction: Summit in Sino-American relations --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Magic Figure --- p.1 / Chapter - --- 30th Anniversary of Rapprochement between the US and China / Chapter 1.2 --- Puzzle --- p.3 / Chapter - --- The Central question / Chapter 1.3 --- Layout --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Argument --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: Linking the internal politics to decision-making process of foreign policy Rational model VS Power model in High politics --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- What is a Summit? --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Who is/ are the person(s) in-charge of foreign policy making process? --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Foreign Policy decision making model(s) / Chapter - --- Rationality model VS Power model --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Linking internal and external politics / Chapter - --- Two-level game instead of realism --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5 --- Value of summitry --- p.25 / Chapter - --- A photo-taking arena / Chapter - --- Symbolism or substance? / Chapter 2.6 --- Summitry in APEC --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology & Theoretical Framework: Summitry for settling legitimacy dilemma by two-level game --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Focusing the subject --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Method and Data --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Nature of Sino-American relations --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summitry under two-level game --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5 --- Pattern in APEC summits --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6 --- "Modeling in 3 'I's´ؤInternational, internal and individual" --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- A Year of Presidential Elections: The case of 1996 --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1 --- Manila APEC --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2 --- Jiang's Taiwan Policy / Chapter - --- How did the 'Eight Points' work under internal politics --- p.62 / Behind the Third Strait Crisis / Repeating the same old tune / Chapter 4.3 --- Full embracement after APEC --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- After Honeymoon Years: The case of 1999 --- p.78 / Chapter 5.1 --- Auckland APEC --- p.78 / Conflicts after the honeymoon: Old bottle with new wine / Chapter 5.2 --- Three Crises --- p.84 / A huge mistake´ؤupon mismatched timing / Missile on the Embassy / """Special State-to-State relationship""" / Chapter 5.3 --- """2As"" meetings´ؤplatform for saving face" --- p.90 / Chapter 5.4 --- Re-opening dialogue on WTO deals --- p.93 / Diplomat dead but diplomacy alive / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Starting a new Emperor: The case of 2001 --- p.99 / Chapter 6.1 --- Shanghai APEC --- p.99 / New doctrine: A potential enemy or ally? / Chapter 6.2 --- Conflicts again --- p.101 / Fool's Day joke / The art of apology´ؤnegotiation involved / "Taiwan and Tibet´ؤ“internal affairs""" / Chapter 6.3 --- Warming in relation --- p.109 / Ardent summer / "Death of asylum, birth of hamlet" / Green House in Winter / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion´ؤJiang's 'Core' Consideration --- p.118 / Chapter 7.1 --- Era unlike Mao and Deng --- p.118 / Chapter 7.2 --- Lesson for Policy makers --- p.120 / Chapter 7.3 --- Contributions/ Implications --- p.122 / Chapter 7.4 --- Limitation --- p.123 / Appendix I Chronology --- p.125 / Append ix II Pew Research Center of People and the Press --- p.136 / Bibliography --- p.137

Thesis (M.A.)--Saint Mary's University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [133]-139).

Growing global importance of group of states BRIC has serious impact on current world economy. Economic cooperation with African states has become one of priorities of BRIC's group, what is seen on its higher interest of African continent. BRIC group presents alternative of traditional "north-south" cooperation by its new form of attitude. Goal of this diploma thesis is comprehensively identify form of new "south-south" economic cooperation of BRIC group with African continent using trade and investment analysis of economic cooperation of particular states of group BRIC and synthesis of main trends for BRIC as a group. Thesis supported growing importance of BRIC group on African continent at the expense of traditional partners of Africa by comparison of new and traditional partners' different attitudes. Application of international trade theory on cooperation of BRIC with Africa defined possible impact on economic development of African states.

by Wong Tze-Kin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-199). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACTS --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES AND DIAGRAM --- p.ix / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.x / Chapter PART ONE: --- APEC AND THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background: the First APEC Meeting in 1989 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Statement --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Propositions of Thesis --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Conceptual Framework --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Premises --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- The Political Economy of Globalization and Regionalization --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- International Cooperation and the Differentiation between Strong Regimes and Weak Regimes --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- "Functions of Regimes: Information, Institutional Nesting and Cross Issues-Linkage" --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4 --- Sources of Materials and Organization of the Study --- p.20 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- Concepts of Globalization and Regionalization --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Theories of Cooperation Among States --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Realist Theories --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Neo-Liberal Institutional ism --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Remarks --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Study of APEC --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Objectives of APEC --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Constraints on APEC --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Theoretical Implications of APEC --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.39 / Chapter PART TWO: --- "INTERDEPENDENCE, INDIVIDUAL VISIONS AND THE BIRTH OF APEC" / Chapter III. --- THE CREATION OF APEC AND INCENTIVES OF ORIGINAL PLAYERS --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Interdependence and the Development of Non-governmental Organizations in the Asia-Pacific Region --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Historical Development of Non-governmental Organizations --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Problems of Economic Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2 --- Interests of Founding Members in the Formation of APEC --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Australia: an Endeavor from a Middle-Power --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Japan: Easing Trade Tensions and Sustaining Growth Momentum --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- The United States: Engagement and Economic Benefits --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- ASEAN: Changing Environment and Cautious Participation --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Concluding Remarks: Initial Demands on APEC --- p.57 / Chapter PART THREE: --- CHALLENGES OF COOPERATION AND DIVERGENT PREFERENCES OF THE MEMBERS / Chapter IV. --- FORMATION OF REGIONAL GROUPS AND POLITICO-STRATEGIC INTERDEPENDENCE --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- "The Participation of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong" --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3 --- The East Asia Economic Caucus (EAEC): Dividing the Asia-Pacific? --- p.66 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Malaysia's Proposal for an ""Asian-only"" Core" --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Responses of Major Actors --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Nesting of Issues and the Importance of U.S. Engagement --- p.76 / Chapter 4.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.79 / Chapter V. --- THE INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF APEC AND THE PROVISION OF INFORMATION --- p.82 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2 --- Structure of APEC and Facilitation of Communication --- p.83 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Meetings and Working Groups --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- The APEC Secretariat --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Advisory and Research Bodies --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- The Regime Function of APEC: Provision of Information --- p.88 / Chapter 5.3 --- Controversies in the Institutional Development of APEC --- p.90 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Nature of APEC: Consultative Forum vs. Negotiating Forum --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Decision-making Process in APEC: a Case Study of the Indonesian Meeting --- p.94 / Chapter 5.4 --- Concluding Remarks: the Choice of APEC Model --- p.97 / Chapter VI. --- POLITICS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION: VISION AND TIME-FRAME --- p.102 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2 --- The Initial Thrust of the First EPG Report (1993) --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Open-Regionalism: From PECC to APEC --- p.104 / Chapter 6.3 --- The Turning Point of APEC: the 1994 Bogor Declaration of Common Resolve --- p.106 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- The Second EPG Report --- p.107 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Reactions and Considerations of Major APEC Members --- p.107 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Implications of the Trade Liberalization Program --- p.117 / Chapter 6.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.121 / Chapter VII. --- POLITICS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION: IMPLEMENTATION --- p.123 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.123 / Chapter 7.2 --- Non-Discrimination --- p.125 / Chapter 7.3 --- Comprehensiveness --- p.130 / Chapter 7.4 --- Comparability --- p.135 / Chapter 7.5 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.139 / Chapter VIII. --- CONCLUSION --- p.142 / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.142 / Chapter 8.2 --- Findings --- p.144 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Values of APEC to Developed Economies --- p.148 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Values of APEC to Developing Economies --- p.150 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Theoretical Functions Performed by APEC --- p.152 / Chapter 8.3 --- A Theoretical Discussion on APEC --- p.155 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- "The Significance of ""Open Regionalism""" --- p.155 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Theories of International Regimes --- p.157 / Chapter 8.4 --- "Limitations of this Thesis and Some Reflections from the ""Asian Financial Turbulence""" --- p.159 / APPENDICES / Chapter a. --- "A Brief Chronology of Related Events, 1989-1995" --- p.162 / Chapter b. --- The Structure of APEC (1995) --- p.165 / Chapter c. --- Seoul APEC Declaration --- p.166 / Chapter d. --- Guide to the Osaka Action Agenda --- p.169 / NOTES --- p.170 / SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.191

Machinery industry is the engine of the industrialization for a nation. During the last four decades of industrial development in Taiwan, machinery industry has played a key leading role. With an overall production value at NT$680 billion in 2009, the Taiwanese machinery industry ranks among the top 20 nations worldwide. Its tooling machines and carpentry machines etc. are ranked in the global top 5 exporting countries. Mainland China (including Hong Kong), with increasingly importance, is currently the number one export destination as well as the number three country of origin for imports for the Taiwanese machinery industry. With the cross-strait relations becoming progressively more close, Taiwan and the Mainland are about to sign the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA). ECFA will serve as Taiwan¡¦s breakthrough in the country¡¦s participation in regional cooperation, promote its signing of Free Trade Agreement with other countries, and stimulate its economic development further. The signing of ECFA will enable the machinery industry in Taiwan to benefit and prosper from a huge Mainland market. It will also likely to cause some in the industry to stumble because of massive cheap Mainland imports. This research has studied the key competitive factors for corporations, the competitive situation and operations issues of the machinery industry in Taiwan. By conducting a survey on the senior managers of the machinery industry we understand what their current status, problems and competitive strategies are. Through the insight gained we hope to provide a blueprint for the machinery industry and the subject company reviewed to better their competitive strategies after ECFA is signed across the straits. This research has confirmed that in an ever increasingly competitive industry such as the machinery industry, any company wants to continue to make money and grow sustainably, it is vital to always adapt to the environment and adjust its competitive strategies. After the signing of the ECFA across the straits, the machinery industry together with many other industries in Taiwan will benefit from the lowering of the tariffs and favorably gain access to the Mainland market. Hence a good opportunity for all companies concerned to make the best of the cross-straits cooperation this time around, further their investment in China and further their competitiveness globally.

Abstract The international organizations are regionalization in the Post-Cold War Era . In Asian-Pacific region , the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the Association of Southeast are the most important international organizations . In order to adapt the trend of regionalization and to join this two international organizations , Taiwan makes a series of the political¡Beconomic and social culture policies , but the members of this two organizations do not change the attitude toward Taiwan and still recognize ¡§One China ¡§ policy . Up to now Taiwan still could not participate high level councils of the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation and also could not join the Association of Southeast as sovereign state . The reason why is not only the political pressure from China but also the members of this two organizations have more interests in economic and political cooperation with China than Taiwan.

Fujian is geographically close to Taiwan which makes both sides having geo-economic value. Furthermore, Fujian and Taiwan are sharing the same long history, culture, language and blood relationships that turn Fujian into one of the main investment areas of Taiwan enterprises. After "Three Direct Links" in mail, transport and trade across the Taiwan Straits, Fujian province is becoming one of the major locations of cross-straits direct flights, which facilitate cross-straits personnel exchanges. China has planned to develop Fujian by established ¡§Economic Area in the Western Coast of Taiwan Straits¡¨ which combines economic system with Zhejiang and Guangdong, trying to promote economic development between Fujian and Taiwan. In fact, the industry structures between Fujian and Taiwan are very complementary; therefore, the two places can integrate their resources and expand into the marketing through cooperation. What is the most important is, economic cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan should conform to international norms, by setting up a pilot measures and under the name of free trade-area or special cooperation agreements in order to guarantee the benefits of Taiwan.

Thesis (PhDBusinessandManagement)--University of South Australia, 2003.