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Thesis (M. S.)--Building Construction, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Roper, Kathy; Committee Member: Castro-Lacouture, Daniel; Committee Member: Thomas-Mobley, Linda. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

In 2008 and 2009, the world was shaken by the deepest recession since the Great Depression. This event has forced changes on many industries and professions - including Facility Management. This paper provides a "snapshot view" of how Facility Managers and Facility Management departments are navigating the financial meltdown. Preliminary research focused on previous recessionary periods, and the impact that they had on the development of Facility Management. In the recessions of the eighties, nineties and two thousands, Facility Managers started professional associations and developed professional certifications for themselves. At the same time, more businesses began utilizing the Facility Management function in order to orchestrate an increasingly complicated (and potentially expensive) built environment. At the same time, the same economic pressures led both to an increase in the use of outsourcing, and a backlog of deferred maintenance. Facility Managers had to be both innovative and flexible to survive in the industry - which has seen little growth in the 2000s. The main focus of this paper was a survey answered by 119 Facility Managers. In it, they reported on both how their departments were responding to the recession, and also how they were personally managing their careers during this time. Follow-up questions were also asked of some Facility Managers, to get a more detailed understanding of their answers. The main strategy that the survey found Facility Management departments turning to during the current recession was deferred maintenance, followed by staffing cuts and contract renegotiations. Facility Managers also reported that they are continuing to shift work to outsourcers - although some FMs reported that they have either outsourced all the work they can, or that there is no way to outsource some of the tasks that they do. In those cases, they focused on doing more work in-house. Individual Facility Managers tended to have relatively long careers, with about seventy percent being in their positions for longer than three years. Also, of those FMs who reported being unemployed, the majority had only been out of work for less than six months. Many of the Facility Managers questioned in this survey stated that they believed networking was a key component of their jobs. There were some who disagreed with this, however, believing that technical knowledge has become much more important than a strong social network. About equal numbers of people who had been in their jobs for about a year reported finding those jobs through job-boards as through networking Most of the Facility Managers who responded to the survey are not aware of any initiatives devoted specifically to helping out-of-work FMs. These groups do exist, however, and some were discovered in the course of researching this paper. It's notable that many Facility Managers appeared to have much more negative view of social networking sites than they do of in-person networking. The paper concludes by speculating on what the various results mean. While Facility Management departments appear to be laying professionals off, the long tenures and short periods of unemployment may signal that Facility managers are still in demand - even in times of recession. They may actually be more in demand now than in normal times, because of the need to balance multiple needs during a time of constrained spending on both capital and operating budgets. One red flag on the horizon is the perception of new technologies by respondents to this survey. Facility Managers were originally hired to manage costly new technologies in the workplace - this is something that they must continue to do in the future, and if they are not comfortable with changes that are coming, the profession may be bypassed or become marginalized. This may be a generational issue, which will be solved as younger people enter the industry.

Bibliography: leaves 355-378. / xviii, 378, [89] leaves : ill., maps ; 39 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis is concerned with the understanding and clarification of the impact of international labour migration in Indonesia. The overall aim of this study is to investigate the economic, social and demographic consequences of international labour migration on the migrants, their families, their communities of origin and their nation of origin. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geography, 1997

O presente trabalho utiliza as informações da Pesquisa Anual do Comércio - PAC, uma das quatro pesquisas econômicas estruturais do IBGE, para avaliar o Modelo de Imputação atual da pesquisa comparando-o com outros modelos disponíveis na literatura. Foi feito um recorte da base da PAC-IBGE dos anos de 2014 e 2015 e foram testados vinte modelos de imputação. Na PAC, tem sido observado um aumento do impacto das não-respostas nas estimativas de seus totais. Isto deriva da alta assimetria das variáveis econômicas em conjunto com o pequeno número de empresas de alguns estratos, somados ainda ao aumento populacional de algumas atividades econômicas - e, por consequência, dos pesos amostrais - e ainda do elevado número de mortes (fechamento) de empresas pequenas. Tais problemas apresentados geram a necessidade de se estudar alternativas de tratamento para essas empresas não-respondentes. Os modelos foram analisados selecionando algumas empresas aleatoriamente e assumindo que elas não tivessem respondido à pesquisa. Posteriormente, essas empresas foram submetidas aos modelos de imputação selecionados e os resultados foram avaliados utilizando Erro Quadrático Médio (EQM) e Variação Percentual (VP) dos totais estimados contra o real. Foi escolhida a variável de RECEITA para ser usada nos testes. Os modelos utilizados podem ser agrupados em quatro grupos: de médias de respondentes; através de uma regressão com uso de variáveis auxiliares de cadastro; média dos respondentes mais próximos através de uma função distância; e através de uma regressão dos respondentes mais próximos com uso de uma função distância. Ao final das análises, verificou-se que apesar de alguns modelos também terem tido bons desempenhos, não foi observado um fator relevante que indique a troca do modelo atual de imputação utilizado na PAC-IBGE. / The present work uses the information from the Annual Survey of Commerce - PAC, one of the four structural surveys of IBGE, to evaluate its current imputation model against other available models in the literature. The dataset used was obtained from PAC in the years of 2014 and 2015 and twenty imputation models were tested. At PAC, there has been an increase in the impact of non-responses on its totals estimative. This is due to the high asymmetry of the economic variables together with the small number of companies of some strata, added to the population increase of some economic activities - and, consequently, of their sample weights - and also with the high number of deaths (closure) of small businesses. Such problems present the need to study alternatives treatments for these non-responding companies. The analysis of models were made by selecting some companies randomly and assuming that they had not responded the survey. Subsequently, these companies were submitted to the selected imputation models and the results were evaluated using Mean Square Error (MSE) and the Percent Variation (PV) between the estimated totals against the real ones. The Revenue variable was the one chosen to be used in the tests. The models used can be grouped into four groups: average of the respondents; through a regression function using auxiliary variables of cadastre; average of the closest respondents through a distance function; and through a regression function of the closest respondents using a distance function. At the end of the analyzes, it was verified that although some imputation models presented good results, there is no relevant factor indicating the change of the current one.

R É S U M É I. Actuellement, en Afrique sub-saharienne, les acteurs de la conservation considèrent que la survie à long terme de la faune sauvage ne peut être assurée que par le maintien de son habitat en dehors des aires de conservation intégrale. Dans cette optique, les projets de conservation tentent de préserver des étendues de végétation naturelle au sein de « zones tampons » ou de « corridors de migration » dans la périphérie des aires protégées. Cette thèse s’est intéressée aux possibilités de conserver de tels espaces en concertation avec les populations riveraines du parc national de Zakouma, une aire protégée du Sud-est du Tchad. Notre objectif a été de rechercher des solutions aux problèmes que rencontrent généralement les aménagistes dans cette action. Notre hypothèse est que l’aménagement des périphéries d’aires protégées doit s’appuyer sur une meilleure identification des déterminants locaux de l’exploitation des espaces de végétation naturelle, et que leur analyse doit s’appuyer sur une approche spatiale. II. Plusieurs étapes de recherches ont permis d’alimenter notre réflexion : Une première phase de terrain a été tout d’abord été menée à Am Choka, un village représentatif de la zone la plus densément peuplée de la périphérie est du PNZ. Les objectifs visés étaient i.) d’une part, de déterminer les activités humaines affectant le plus le paysage végétal naturel de la périphérie du parc, et donc susceptibles d’annihiler son rôle de « zone tampon », et ii) d’autre part, d’identifier les savoir-faire et les facteurs socioéconomiques et politiques qui régissent l’exploitation des espaces de végétation naturelle. Outre l’observation participante au village, des cartographies fines du terroir et des zones d’exploitation, ainsi que des entretiens semi-structurés ont été réalisés sur le terrain. La seconde phase de recherche a été consacrée à la réalisation d’un outil cartographique dans le but (i) d’évaluer l’état de la zone périphérique en terme de répartition et d’occupation relative des diverses formations végétales naturelles par rapport à l’emprise agricole, et ii.) d’en déduire les zones de la périphérie les plus susceptibles de faire l’objet d’un processus de gestion des espaces de végétation naturelle. A cet effet, quatre images satellites récentes ont été acquises. Les opérations de terrain ont donné lieu à 234 relevés sur ligneux et 2440 relevés qualitatifs d’autres types d’occupation du sol. Ces relevés ont été utilisés pour l’interprétation des scènes satellites en unités cartographiques. La troisième phase de recherche a porté sur une analyse du dispositif d’aménagement récemment proposé pour la zone périphérique du PNZ par le projet gestionnaire du parc. Notre objectif était de mettre en évidence, les modalités réelles de prise en compte de l’organisation locale de l’exploitation ou de la gestion des espaces de végétation naturelle, et de les confronter avec les connaissances acquises lors de la première phase de recherche. III. La recherche aboutit aux résultats suivants : Les populations rurales ont une bonne connaissance du milieu physique et utilisent une typologie qui leur permet de localiser les différentes composantes de leur terroir et de leur finage, et d’en évaluer le potentiel. La défriche des espaces de végétation naturelle à des fins agricoles est régie par des instances coutumières villageoises et cantonale qui exercent un fort pouvoir en matière de gestion du foncier et de planifications agricoles. La culture du sorgho repiqué (berbéré - Sorghum bicolor) constitue la principale source de réduction des espaces de végétation naturelle. Elle modifie le paysage sur de grandes portions de territoire car sa mise en place nécessite un essartage intégral des savanes à Acacia seyal. L’accès et l’usage des espaces de végétation naturelle pour la collecte de produits forestiers ligneux et non-ligneux sont libres et non liés à la propriété foncière. L’exploitation de ces produits n’entraîne pas de coupe à blanc mais les contraintes d’exploitation conditionne l’étendue spatiale du finage autour d’un village donné. Certaines zones du finage sont cependant l’objet de bornages fonciers en vue de projets agricoles à plus ou moins long terme. Les travaux cartographiques ont abouti à l’appréciation de l’étendue et de répartition des formations végétales naturelles. Le sorgho de décrue occupe un peu moins de 5% de la totalité de la superficie de zone périphérique. Les zones de cultures sont concentrées pour l’essentiel à l’est et au nord de l’aire protégée. Un dixième de la superficie d’origine des savanes à Acacia seyal a déjà été exploité à des fins agricoles. Cette carte peut être exploitée pour localiser les zones d’enjeux entre conservation et développement économique. Cet exercice permet de reconsidérer la délimitation en zones de protection de la périphérie. Dans sa formulation, le « plan de gestion » témoigne largement d’une volonté d’associer les populations riveraines à l’aménagement de la périphérie du parc. Cette collaboration sera certainement entravée par l’absence de compensation en contrepartie de la limitation du développement agricole au profit de l’habitat de la faune sauvage. Par contre, elle pourrait être favorisée si le zonage proposé correspondait aux limites des terroirs et des finages. Un préliminaire à tout processus de gestion concertée des espaces de végétation naturelle est aussi l’identification des décideurs qui ont autorité sur ces espaces. L’étude débouche sur suggestions permettant aux aménagistes leurs permettant d’atteindre leurs objectifs de conservation de la faune et de son habitat en concertation avec les populations riveraines. Ces recommandations peuvent certainement être adaptées à d’autres contextes d’aménagement des périphéries d’aires protégées. ABSTRACT I. Nowadays, in Sub-Saharan Africa, conservation actors believe that the long-term survival of wild animals can be ensured only through the maintenance of their habitat outside areas of total conservation. Accordingly, conservation projects seek to preserve areas of natural vegetation in “buffer zones” or “migration corridors” on the periphery of protected areas. The present doctoral thesis studies the possibilities of conservating such areas in concertation with the populations living around Zakouma National Park (ZNP), a protected area in southeast Chad. Our aim has been to find solutions to the problems generally encountered by forest managers working towards this goal. Our hypothesis is that the management of surroundings of protected areas must be grounded on a better identification of the local factors determining the exploitation of natural vegetation areas, and that any analysis must be based on a spatial approach. II. Several steps in the research provided grounds for reflection: As a first phase, a survey was conducted in Am Choka, a village representative of the most densely populated zone of the eastern periphery of ZNP. The objectives were (i) to determine which human activities most affect the natural vegetal landscape of the periphery of the park and hence are likely to annul its role of “buffer zone”, and (ii) to identify which know-how and socio-economic or political factors govern the exploitation of natural vegetation areas. In addition to participatory observation in the village, detailed maps were made of the ‘terroir’ and the ‘finage’ (the total area exploited by a village), and semi-structured interviews were conducted on the spot. The second phase of research was dedicated to the creation of a cartographic tool with the intention of (i) assessing the state of the peripheral zone in terms of where and to what extent the natural vegetal formations are situated in comparison with the land under cultivation, and (ii) pinpointing the peripheral zones best suited to a process of management of natural vegetation areas. To that end, four recent satellite pictures were acquired. Operations on the ground yielded 234 plottings over wood stands and 2 440 qualitative plottings of other types of land occupation. These plottings were used to convert the satellite images into cartographic units. The third phase of research was concerned with an analysis of the management mechanism recently proposed for the peripheral zone of ZNP by the park management project. Our aim was to bring to the fore the actual methods by which the local organisation of exploitation or management of the natural vegetation areas is taken into account and to compare them with the knowledge acquired under the first phase of research. III. The research produced the following results: The rural populations have a good knowledge of the physical environment and use a typology which enables them to localise the different components of the terroir and of the finage, and to assess their potential. The clearing of areas of natural vegetation for agricultural purposes is governed by traditional village or canton authorities, which exert a powerful influence over land management and agricultural planning. The cultivation of transplanted sorghum (berbéré - Sorghum bicolor) is the main source of reduction of areas with natural vegetation. It modifies the landscape over large swathes of territory inasmuch as this cultivation method leads to a total clearing of the Acacia seyal savannas. Access to and use of areas of natural vegetation for collecting wood and non-wood forest products are free and not linked to land ownership. Exploiting these products does not lead to clear-cutting of the forest, but the constraints of exploitation influence the spatial extent of the finage around a given village. Some zones of finage are nevertheless subjected to land boundary markings when agricultural projects are planned in the shorter or longer term. The cartographic findings led to an assessment of the area covered by, and the distribution of, natural vegetal formations. Flood-irrigated sorghum occupies just under 5% of the total area of the periphery. The cultivation zones are mostly concentrated east and north of the protected area. One tenth of the original area of Acacia seyal savannas has already been exploited for agriculture. The map can also be used to identify areas caught between conservation and economic development. This exercise makes its possible to reconsider the delimitation of the periphery into protection zones. In its formulation, the “management plan” largely reveals the will to involve local populations in the management of the periphery of the park. This collaboration will certainly be hampered by the absence of compensation to offset any limitation of agricultural development to the benefit of the wild animal habitat. It could, however, be promoted if the proposed zoning were to correspond to the limits of the terroirs and finages. A preliminary to any process of concerted management of the areas of natural vegetation would also be to identify the decision-makers who have authority over these expanses. The present study throws up suggestions as to how forest managers might attain their objectives for the conservation of fauna and their habitat in concertation with the local populations. These recommendations can certainly also be extrapolated to other contexts of management of the peripheries of protected areas.

R É S U M É<p><p>I. Actuellement, en Afrique sub-saharienne, les acteurs de la conservation considèrent que la<p>survie à long terme de la faune sauvage ne peut être assurée que par le maintien de son habitat<p>en dehors des aires de conservation intégrale. Dans cette optique, les projets de conservation<p>tentent de préserver des étendues de végétation naturelle au sein de « zones tampons » ou de<p>« corridors de migration » dans la périphérie des aires protégées. Cette thèse s’est intéressée aux possibilités de conserver de tels espaces en concertation avec les populations riveraines du parc national de Zakouma, une aire protégée du Sud-est du Tchad. Notre objectif a été de rechercher des solutions aux problèmes que rencontrent généralement les aménagistes dans cette action. Notre hypothèse est que l’aménagement des périphéries d’aires protégées doit s’appuyer sur une meilleure identification des déterminants locaux de l’exploitation des espaces de végétation naturelle, et que leur analyse doit s’appuyer sur une approche spatiale.<p>II. Plusieurs étapes de recherches ont permis d’alimenter notre réflexion :<p>Une première phase de terrain a été tout d’abord été menée à Am Choka, un village représentatif de la zone la plus densément peuplée de la périphérie est du PNZ. Les objectifs visés étaient i.) d’une part, de déterminer les activités humaines affectant le plus le paysage<p>végétal naturel de la périphérie du parc, et donc susceptibles d’annihiler son rôle de « zone<p>tampon », et ii) d’autre part, d’identifier les savoir-faire et les facteurs socioéconomiques et<p>politiques qui régissent l’exploitation des espaces de végétation naturelle. Outre l’observation participante au village, des cartographies fines du terroir et des zones d’exploitation, ainsi que des entretiens semi-structurés ont été réalisés sur le terrain.<p>La seconde phase de recherche a été consacrée à la réalisation d’un outil cartographique dans<p>le but (i) d’évaluer l’état de la zone périphérique en terme de répartition et d’occupation relative des diverses formations végétales naturelles par rapport à l’emprise agricole, et ii.) d’en déduire les zones de la périphérie les plus susceptibles de faire l’objet d’un processus de gestion des espaces de végétation naturelle. A cet effet, quatre images satellites récentes ont été acquises. Les opérations de terrain ont donné lieu à 234 relevés sur ligneux et 2440 relevés qualitatifs d’autres types d’occupation du sol. Ces relevés ont été utilisés pour l’interprétation des scènes satellites en unités cartographiques.<p>La troisième phase de recherche a porté sur une analyse du dispositif d’aménagement récemment proposé pour la zone périphérique du PNZ par le projet gestionnaire du parc. Notre objectif était de mettre en évidence, les modalités réelles de prise en compte de l’organisation locale de l’exploitation ou de la gestion des espaces de végétation naturelle, et de les confronter avec les connaissances acquises lors de la première phase de recherche. <p>III. La recherche aboutit aux résultats suivants :<p>Les populations rurales ont une bonne connaissance du milieu physique et utilisent une<p>typologie qui leur permet de localiser les différentes composantes de leur terroir et de leur<p>finage, et d’en évaluer le potentiel.<p>La défriche des espaces de végétation naturelle à des fins agricoles est régie par des instances<p>coutumières villageoises et cantonale qui exercent un fort pouvoir en matière de gestion du<p>foncier et de planifications agricoles.<p>La culture du sorgho repiqué (berbéré - Sorghum bicolor) constitue la principale source de<p>réduction des espaces de végétation naturelle. Elle modifie le paysage sur de grandes portions<p>de territoire car sa mise en place nécessite un essartage intégral des savanes à Acacia seyal.<p>L’accès et l’usage des espaces de végétation naturelle pour la collecte de produits forestiers<p>ligneux et non-ligneux sont libres et non liés à la propriété foncière. L’exploitation de ces<p>produits n’entraîne pas de coupe à blanc mais les contraintes d’exploitation conditionne l’étendue spatiale du finage autour d’un village donné. Certaines zones du finage sont cependant l’objet de bornages fonciers en vue de projets agricoles à plus ou moins long terme. Les travaux cartographiques ont abouti à l’appréciation de l’étendue et de répartition des formations végétales naturelles. Le sorgho de décrue occupe un peu moins de 5% de la totalité de la superficie de zone périphérique. Les zones de cultures sont concentrées pour l’essentiel à<p>l’est et au nord de l’aire protégée. Un dixième de la superficie d’origine des savanes à Acacia<p>seyal a déjà été exploité à des fins agricoles. Cette carte peut être exploitée pour localiser les<p>zones d’enjeux entre conservation et développement économique. Cet exercice permet de<p>reconsidérer la délimitation en zones de protection de la périphérie.<p>Dans sa formulation, le « plan de gestion » témoigne largement d’une volonté d’associer les<p>populations riveraines à l’aménagement de la périphérie du parc. Cette collaboration sera<p>certainement entravée par l’absence de compensation en contrepartie de la limitation du<p>développement agricole au profit de l’habitat de la faune sauvage. Par contre, elle pourrait<p>être favorisée si le zonage proposé correspondait aux limites des terroirs et des finages. Un<p>préliminaire à tout processus de gestion concertée des espaces de végétation naturelle est aussi l’identification des décideurs qui ont autorité sur ces espaces. L’étude débouche sur suggestions permettant aux aménagistes leurs permettant d’atteindre leurs objectifs de conservation de la faune et de son habitat en concertation avec les populations riveraines. Ces recommandations peuvent certainement être adaptées à d’autres contextes d’aménagement des périphéries d’aires protégées. <p><p><p>ABSTRACT<p>I. Nowadays, in Sub-Saharan Africa, conservation actors believe that the long-term survival<p>of wild animals can be ensured only through the maintenance of their habitat outside areas of<p>total conservation. Accordingly, conservation projects seek to preserve areas of natural<p>vegetation in “buffer zones” or “migration corridors” on the periphery of protected areas.<p>The present doctoral thesis studies the possibilities of conservating such areas in concertation<p>with the populations living around Zakouma National Park (ZNP), a protected area in southeast<p>Chad. Our aim has been to find solutions to the problems generally encountered by forest<p>managers working towards this goal. Our hypothesis is that the management of surroundings<p>of protected areas must be grounded on a better identification of the local factors determining<p>the exploitation of natural vegetation areas, and that any analysis must be based on a spatial<p>approach.<p>II. Several steps in the research provided grounds for reflection:<p>As a first phase, a survey was conducted in Am Choka, a village representative of the most<p>densely populated zone of the eastern periphery of ZNP. The objectives were (i) to determine<p>which human activities most affect the natural vegetal landscape of the periphery of the park<p>and hence are likely to annul its role of “buffer zone”, and (ii) to identify which know-how<p>and socio-economic or political factors govern the exploitation of natural vegetation areas. In<p>addition to participatory observation in the village, detailed maps were made of the ‘terroir’<p>and the ‘finage’ (the total area exploited by a village), and semi-structured interviews were<p>conducted on the spot.<p>The second phase of research was dedicated to the creation of a cartographic tool with the<p>intention of (i) assessing the state of the peripheral zone in terms of where and to what extent<p>the natural vegetal formations are situated in comparison with the land under cultivation, and<p>(ii) pinpointing the peripheral zones best suited to a process of management of natural<p>vegetation areas. To that end, four recent satellite pictures were acquired. Operations on the<p>ground yielded 234 plottings over wood stands and 2 440 qualitative plottings of other types<p>of land occupation. These plottings were used to convert the satellite images into cartographic<p>units.<p>The third phase of research was concerned with an analysis of the management mechanism<p>recently proposed for the peripheral zone of ZNP by the park management project. Our aim<p>was to bring to the fore the actual methods by which the local organisation of exploitation or<p>management of the natural vegetation areas is taken into account and to compare them with<p>the knowledge acquired under the first phase of research.<p>III. The research produced the following results:<p>The rural populations have a good knowledge of the physical environment and use a typology<p>which enables them to localise the different components of the terroir and of the finage, and<p>to assess their potential.<p>The clearing of areas of natural vegetation for agricultural purposes is governed by traditional<p>village or canton authorities, which exert a powerful influence over land management and<p>agricultural planning.<p>The cultivation of transplanted sorghum (berbéré - Sorghum bicolor) is the main source of<p>reduction of areas with natural vegetation. It modifies the landscape over large swathes of<p>territory inasmuch as this cultivation method leads to a total clearing of the Acacia seyal<p>savannas. Access to and use of areas of natural vegetation for collecting wood and non-wood forest<p>products are free and not linked to land ownership. Exploiting these products does not lead to clear-cutting of the forest, but the constraints of exploitation influence the spatial extent of the finage around a given village. Some zones of finage are nevertheless subjected to land<p>boundary markings when agricultural projects are planned in the shorter or longer term.<p>The cartographic findings led to an assessment of the area covered by, and the distribution of,<p>natural vegetal formations. Flood-irrigated sorghum occupies just under 5% of the total area<p>of the periphery. The cultivation zones are mostly concentrated east and north of the protected area. One tenth of the original area of Acacia seyal savannas has already been exploited for agriculture. The map can also be used to identify areas caught between conservation and<p>economic development. This exercise makes its possible to reconsider the delimitation of the<p>periphery into protection zones. In its formulation, the “management plan” largely reveals the will to involve local populations<p>in the management of the periphery of the park. This collaboration will certainly be hampered<p>by the absence of compensation to offset any limitation of agricultural development to the<p>benefit of the wild animal habitat. It could, however, be promoted if the proposed zoning were<p>to correspond to the limits of the terroirs and finages. A preliminary to any process of<p>concerted management of the areas of natural vegetation would also be to identify the<p>decision-makers who have authority over these expanses. The present study throws up suggestions as to how forest managers might attain their<p>objectives for the conservation of fauna and their habitat in concertation with the local<p>populations. These recommendations can certainly also be extrapolated to other contexts of<p>management of the peripheries of protected areas. / Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished