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The thesis develops a multisectoral model of the Johansen type intended for analyzing industrial and trade policies. The innovations brought by the thesis include (a) increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition, (b) technological progress via the learning curve. The theoretical structure of the mathematical model is developed step by step and in great detail, with a somewhat expanded discussion of the role of the government sector in industrial and trade policies. Using the data from the 19-sector IO Table of Indonesia for the year 1985, we calibrate the mathematical model. The result is a CGE model of Indonesia, coded in FORTRAN, that can be used for many varied policy analyses. With the help of this CGE model, some simulations are carried out to evaluate the quantitative effects of some industrial and trade policies applied on one imperfectly competitive industry. Simulations are also carried out to study the effects of technological change--through the learning curve--on the Indonesian economy for several years.

The reforms implemented in China from 1978 to 1995 have had a profound impact at many levels of Chinese society. What about the impact of those reforms on the prospects for democracy? This study specifically examines the impact of reforms on ten factors that can facilitate or obstruct the emergence of democracy in a country. On the one hand, the reforms in China have generated rapid economic growth and brought about improvements in social and economic development. The opening to the outside world has made China more sensitive to external influence. Reforms have plunged the regime into a crisis of legitimacy. These are three factors facilitating the emergence of democracy. On the other hand, reforms have somewhat loosened the State's otherwise tight control over society; the nucleus of a civil society has emerged; the political culture is a little more acquainted with democratic ideas and values, but a capable democratic leadership has yet to arise. The political institutions typical of a Leninist state have remained. The army's influence over politics has not been significantly altered, and certain regional and ethnic-based tensions persist. These factors continue to obstruct the emergence of democracy or, in some cases, may be considered neutral. The study concludes that the reforms implemented from 1978 to 1995 have improved the prospects for the emergence of democracy in China, although, all in all, the perspectives remain weak over the short to medium-term.

A major issue in labour economics concerns the differences in earnings between males and females. This thesis evaluates the male-female wage gap of the 1986 university graduates using The Follow-up of 1986 Graduates (NGS). The wage differential among graduates with bachelor degrees widens over the period 1986-1991. The increase in wage discrimination is the result of a change in the skill sets of males and females. However, wage discrimination decreases among graduates with masters degrees. The main reason for the decrease is the improved returns, relative to males, that females earn for their human capital characteristics. The results are obtained using Oaxaca's (1973), Cotton's (1988) and Wellington's (1993) decomposition methodologies. Wellington's (1993) two-period decomposition takes advantage of the panel nature of the data and has been employed only once previously on Canadian data. This thesis shows that the analysis of wage differentials is sensitive to the parameters of the model and the underlying populations.

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