Thesis (Masters Diploma (Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1994 / The majority of educational establishments in South Africa offering tourism courses concentrate on those subjects that are closely related to the operational side of the industry, for example: Travel Practice and Management, Business Management, Marketing, etc. whilst linle or no applied training for ecotourism is given. On the other hand the impact of tourism on the natural resources of a destination as well as on the host community is steadily increasing, particularly in developing countries. Once this phenomenon is analysed and placed in perspective, structured training and educational activities appear to be one way to ensure that both the conservation and retention of the natural beauty and resources in such destination is addressed. To be effective such educational and training activities should be specific and should take place within the context of ecotourism. The purpose of this study was, in the first place. to define 'ecorourism' and to describe its role within the broader tourism industry. It was further attempted to isolate the characteristics and to draw attention to the sensitive nature of ecosystems. The role of training in the survival of the systems mentioned, that is, the protection and conservation thereof, became patently clear. It further became apparent that the educational needs were not only applicable to the visitor, to the destination, but also to the functionary within the industry. In order to meet the objectives of the tourism trade it will be necessary for prospective employees to acquire the knowledge, skills and attitudes relative to environmental management. In order to contribute to sustainable tourism development future employees of this industry should also be motivated to participate in the management of the environment.

Avitourism (birding) in South Africa, with remarkable birdlife, provides economic, social and conservation opportunities. Globally, bird species are decreasing rapidly due to environmental degradation and climate change. The dependence of avitourism on natural resources is undisputable, urging further research. Avitourism research is embryonic compared to higher-order tourism markets (i.e. naturebased) and under-researched in the southern hemisphere. Despite increased international scholarship, substantial knowledge gaps remain regarding strategies to enhance sustainable avitourism. Education, encouraging changes in environmental behaviour, is essential to solve environmental problems. The current day learners influence the future state of the natural environment and consequently the sustainability of avitourism in South Africa. The research therefore aimed to develop a literacy model for sustainable avitourism aimed at secondary school learners in Gauteng (South Africa). In phase 1 of the methodological procedure, mechanisms facilitating behavioural change towards nature were explored. A conceptual literacy framework for sustainable avitourism was developed in phase 2 (theoretical contribution). Phase 3, consisted empirical research. Multi-stage sampling was used to collect primary data by distributing questionnaires at 17 purposively selected secondary schools in Gauteng from July to October 2014. The data were obtained from n = 5 488 secondary school learners (aged 13–17). Descriptive statistics provided insight into ‘environmental and avitourism literacy’ of the learners. Exploratory- and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA; CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed to test the conceptual literacy framework. Obtaining the primary objective, a literacy model for sustainable avitourism was developed and confirmed (empirical contribution). Critical paths were identified in the model to enhance the likelihood of behavioural change. The literacy model could be useful for environmental education and avitourism roleplayers, assisting in curriculum development and evaluation (practical contribution). This model could also be applied to other educational contexts, including art and music. Bird education teaches a love for birds and nature, leading to conservation and sustained birdlife, to ensure avitourism attractions in the future. The development of sustainable avitourism intervention programmes is suggested for further research. Longitudinal research could evaluate the effects of the intervention programmes.Ultimately, the learners of today are the responsible citizens and tourists of tomorrow. / Abstract in English, Sesotho and Afrikaans / Transport, Logistics and Tourism / D.Phil. (Management Studies)

The purpose of this project is to develop a training manual that will provide a common foundation for all faculty, regardless of their academic field and to take a comprehensive approach to teaching and understanding environmental education within the context of different cultures. It looks at what shapes environmental attitudes and how these attitudes vary between cultures.