Earthquakes are natural phenomena that can cause severe damage to civilian infrastructure and prolonged disruption to society. Depending on their magnitude, epicenter location, infrastructure characteristics, and many other features, earthquakes may generate large amounts of debris and waste. The large amounts of debris generated after the disaster become one of the main problems for a population facing a health issue and rapid reconstruction of the city. A proper characterization and quantification of debris and subsequent waste management and reconstruction plan is essential for the restoration of an area affected by an earthquake. This study presents a methodological approach to characterize and quantify the debris produced as a consequence of earthquakes, as well as the flow of materials required for the reconstruction of the area affected. The proposed methodology includes an infrastructure characterization stage, a probabilistic estimation of damage by characterizing the vulnerability functions using CAPRA-GIS tool, and material flow analysis (MFA) for the characterization and quantification of debris associated with the event of an earthquake and new materials for the reconstruction stage. A case study was developed to test this methodological approach. The residential sector of Tacna, a city with high seismic risk located on the southern coast of Peru, was selected. Moreover, five different construction systems (i.e. Reinforced Masonry Bearing Walls with Concrete Diaphragms, Adobe, Wood, Concrete Shear Walls and Straw) presented in the residential sector of Tacna were characterized. Also three possible earthquake scenarios (i.e. 8.6 Mw., 7.5 Mw. and 6.2 Mw.) were analyzed, each one with three different end-of-life management situations. Simultaneously, the origin and quantities of new materials needed for the reconstruction of civil infrastructure were determined. The flow of new materials considered productivity rates in the construction and manufacturing sectors. The results show that in the presence of the greater earthquake (8.6 Mw.), adobe and straw homes suffered greater damage, with damage percentages of 63 and 48, yielding 27000 tonnes and 1390 tonnes of debris, respectively. Also, 204,000 tonnes of concrete, 7,400 tonnes of steel and 461,400 tonnes of clay brick were included as debris generated in this scenario. Furthermore, for all scenarios, the MFA estimates a regional import of materials (e.g. cement, steel, brick and wood) for the reconstruction phase. The following methodology is applicable to developed and undeveloped countries with different housing types, their respective vulnerability functions and constant earthquake recurrence. / Tesis

El Perú se encuentra en una zona sísmica, lo que expone a los edificios multifamiliares a riesgos significativos de sufrir daños estructurales irreparables en caso de sismos severos. En el año 2018, fue presentada la Norma Peruana de Aislamiento Sísmico (E.031) con el fin de continuar la operatividad de los edificios ante sismos severos. El objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar el desempeño sísmico de un edificio multifamiliar aislado de 5 piso. Para obtener las respuestas de la evaluación se utilizó el análisis dinámico incremental (IDA) con 7 pares de registros sísmicos. Los resultados se presentan en los parámetros de aceleración pico del suelo (PGA), daño-deriva de entrepiso y rotaciones inelásticas en vigas y columnas. Se utilizó los lineamientos de Hazus-MH-MR4 y de ASCE41-13 para la evaluación de desempeño. Los resultados muestran que para un terremoto de TR = 2500 años (PGA de 0.675g), indican que los valores de los giros plásticos en vigas y columnas alcanzarían solo el 48% y 39% del límite de ocupación inmediata según ASCE41-13. Al emplear la relación daño-deriva se estima que la estructura alcanzaría derivas del orden de 5.8‰ según Hazus-MH-MR4 indicaría que el daño en el edificio superaría el umbral de daño leve. Compatibilizando los resultados de este trabajo, indican una discrepancia en la evaluación del daño empleando la deriva (Hazus-MH-MR4) y el nivel de rotación (ASCE41-13), debido a la relación daño-deriva de Hazus-MH-MR4 corresponde a edificios de base fija. / Peru is located in a seismic zone, which exposes multifamily buildings to significant risks of suffering irreparable structural damage in the event of severe earthquakes. In 2018, the Peruvian Seismic Isolation Standard (E.031) was presented in order to continue the operation of buildings in the event of severe earthquakes. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the seismic performance of an isolated 5-story multifamily building. To obtain the evaluation responses, incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was used with 7 pairs of seismic records. The results are presented in the parameters of peak ground acceleration (PGA), mezzanine damage-drift and inelastic rotations in beams and columns. The Hazus-MH-MR4 and ASCE41-13 guidelines were used for performance evaluation. The results show that for an earthquake of TR = 2500 years (PGA of 0.675g), they indicate that the values of plastic twists in beams and columns would reach only 48% and 39% of the immediate occupation limit according to ASCE41-13. When using the damage-drift relationship, it is estimated that the structure would reach drifts of the order of 5.8‰ according to Hazus-MH-MR4, which would indicate that the damage to the building would exceed the slight damage threshold. Combining the results of this work, they indicate a discrepancy in the evaluation of damage using the drift (Hazus-MH-MR4) and the rotation level (ASCE41-13), due to the damage-drift relationship of Hazus-MH-MR4 corresponding to fixed base buildings.

Earthquakes are natural phenomena that can cause severe damage to civilian infrastructure and prolonged disruption to society. Depending on their magnitude, epicenter location, infrastructure characteristics, and many other features, earthquakes may generate large amounts of debris and waste. The large amounts of debris generated after the disaster become one of the main problems for a population facing a health issue and rapid reconstruction of the city. A proper characterization and quantification of debris and subsequent waste management and reconstruction plan is essential for the restoration of an area affected by an earthquake. This study presents a methodological approach to characterize and quantify the debris produced as a consequence of earthquakes, as well as the flow of materials required for the reconstruction of the area affected. The proposed methodology includes an infrastructure characterization stage, a probabilistic estimation of damage by characterizing the vulnerability functions using CAPRA-GIS tool, and material flow analysis (MFA) for the characterization and quantification of debris associated with the event of an earthquake and new materials for the reconstruction stage. A case study was developed to test this methodological approach. The residential sector of Tacna, a city with high seismic risk located on the southern coast of Peru, was selected. Moreover, five different construction systems (i.e. Reinforced Masonry Bearing Walls with Concrete Diaphragms, Adobe, Wood, Concrete Shear Walls and Straw) presented in the residential sector of Tacna were characterized. Also three possible earthquake scenarios (i.e. 8.6 Mw., 7.5 Mw. and 6.2 Mw.) were analyzed, each one with three different end-of-life management situations. Simultaneously, the origin and quantities of new materials needed for the reconstruction of civil infrastructure were determined. The flow of new materials considered productivity rates in the construction and manufacturing sectors. The results show that in the presence of the greater earthquake (8.6 Mw.), adobe and straw homes suffered greater damage, with damage percentages of 63 and 48, yielding 27000 tonnes and 1390 tonnes of debris, respectively. Also, 204,000 tonnes of concrete, 7,400 tonnes of steel and 461,400 tonnes of clay brick were included as debris generated in this scenario. Furthermore, for all scenarios, the MFA estimates a regional import of materials (e.g. cement, steel, brick and wood) for the reconstruction phase. The following methodology is applicable to developed and undeveloped countries with different housing types, their respective vulnerability functions and constant earthquake recurrence. / Tesis