<p> The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore two elementary teachers' implementation of engineering design over two academic years and to describe how their teaching practice changed over the two instructional cycles. This study used field notes and audio transcripts of the teachers during their engineering design teaching, written reflections, and a final interview to generate data that were analyzed for emerging themes and patterns. These data answered the following research questions: (a) How do two fifth grade science teachers implement an engineering design activity? (b) How do these same two fifth grade science teachers' instructional practices change as they implement the same engineering design activity for a second time the following academic year? And, (c) What factors do the teachers identify as to why their practice changed? The findings of this study concluded that with experience teachers made more explicit connections to science and engineering content and practices. Additionally, they more actively facilitated deeper questioning and troubleshooting. An additional finding was that teacher change is not an isolated event, but a system of interacting influences. The findings in this research study provide insight and implication for supporting teacher change in practice in K-12 educational reform efforts as we move to implement engineering and engineering design into the K-12 science curriculum.</p>

<p> The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the impact a robotics curriculum might have on the experiences and perceptions of middle school girls in two California classrooms. The research found that middle school girls in two different California classrooms felt that their experiences with robotics were personalized experiences that were positive and rewarding. Additionally, the girls felt that robotics was a curriculum that they could relate to real-life, and it was a curriculum that was relevant to their lives. The research found that girls had perceptions about STEM fields that remained sex-biased, and they perceived that certain occupations were more geared toward woman than men and vice versa. Both teachers provided learning environments that were free from sexist constructs.</p>