The purpose of this study is to explore the extent, to which professionals in helping professions (PHPS) with learning disabilities are able to name the support, services, and assistance that they require to successfully engage in the full range of activities for their daily living. Additionally, the study explores how PHPS describe their experiences with support, services, and assistance available to them. The study was conducted using a qualitative, phenomenological in-depth interview methodology. The study sample consisted of 10 helping professionals with learning disabilities that work in helping professions. Data was collected using audiotaping of interviews and field notes. Audio tapes were transcribed and data from the transcriptions was analyzed for this study. Nine major themes emerged from the analysis of the study data the themes were disability, daily living, oppression, self-esteem, self-reflection, creative management, creative management adaptive behaviors, services and support. Key findings from the study suggest that professionals in helping professions (PHPs) with learning disabilities are creative, strong willed and persevere despite the odds. Most of the PHPs went through school without accommodations and relied upon their own abilities and determination to pass. Two out of the ten PHPs were diagnosed with learning disabilities when they were children. Three of the PHPs were born before learning disabilities were formalized and labeled as a disability. The data suggests that people with learning disabilities need support, services and assistance in all areas of their daily living. Recommendations for change are provided for addressing the problematic themes that emerged from the data.

Statement of the problem. The problem addressed in this study is whether special needs students progress in their prototype designation faster in a comprehensive or vocational school system. This issue is critical because within the past ten years an increasing number of special needs students have become a sizeable percentage of the students in vocational school systems. Methodology. The methodology utilized in this study was the survey method. An instrument was mailed to 65 randomly identified comprehensive school systems and 65 vocational school systems. The computer language BASIC was used to generate the list of comprehensive school systems. A vocational school system is identified as one which has five or more vocational course offerings. The approach was to utilize the "sample of the whole" method. There are 65 identified vocational school systems in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In addition to the utilization of the survey instrument, the researcher conducted on-site interviews in six school systems; three comprehensive and three vocational. These were chosen due to their marked tendencies of significant movement of special needs students from the prototypes of 502.1-502.4. The on-site interviews was also undertaken to supplement the data generated by the survey instrument. Results. The survey generated responses from 13 comprehensive school systems and 19 vocational school systems. Within prototypes 502.1 and 502.2 (least restrictive) there were 8,423 special needs students from the comprehensive sector and 17,805 from the vocational sector. Within prototypes 502.3 and 502.4 (most restrictive) there were 5,488 special needs students from the vocational sector and 4,798 from the comprehensive sector. Conclusions. The conclusions of this study were as follows: (1) Increasing number of special needs students in the least and most restrictive prototypes were found to be in the vocational sector; (2) Increasing number of students from the vocational sector were mainstreamed; (3) More students in the comprehensive sector remained in their prototypes over a four year period of time. In general, the study determined that special needs students achieved placement in the least restrictive prototype settings in the vocational delivery system at a quicker pace than their counterparts in the comprehensive sector.

No description available.

The number of publications examining autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has increased dramatically over the past 30 years, and research on treatments and interventions for individuals with ASD is a growing and popular topic. It is essential to identify effective and efficient strategies for educating students with ASD due to the number of recommended interventions, the increasing number of students with ASD, and the limited resources available in public schools. However, there is a lack of research examining the application of these strategies in classrooms for students with ASD, as well as their associations with student outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of commonly recommended and applied strategies (i.e., praise-to-behavior correction ratios, individual or small group instructional format, and paraprofessional support), and to investigate the association between these factors and on-task behaviors of students with ASD. Data from 257 observations across 76 kindergarten-to-second grade autism support teachers in a large, urban school district were analyzed. Teachers were observed using positive praise-to-behavior correction ratios, and more than half of the observations were collected during whole group instruction. The use of fewer behavior correction statements and small group instruction had significant associations with students’ on-task behaviors, but the number of staff was not associated with higher rates of on-task behaviors. Directions for future research include investigating additional characteristics related to teachers’ use of praise and behavior correction statements in autism support classrooms, as well as providing teacher and paraprofessional training in the use of praise-to-behavior correction ratios and providing instruction in small group formats. / School Psychology

This study examined the effects of using least to most prompting to teach individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability to order independently at a fast food restaurant. Baseline data were collected across three fast food restaurants, on steps completed independently of a task analysis. Following the baseline phase, training was conducted in all three restaurants until students reached mastery criterion. Probe data were collected on percent of steps of the task analysis between training at each restaurant. / Special Education

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M. P. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

<p> This study examined the effects of a 2-day professional development for special education teachers of students who have Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). The professional development included general knowledge of ASDs and teaching strategies that could be used in the classroom to assist children with ASDs. This study also ascertained teachers&rsquo; perceptions and knowledge gains as a result of participating in professional development opportunities on ASD. </p><p> The overarching research question addressed in this study was: Does a professional development on ASDs for special education teachers increase their knowledge of ASD and their knowledge and ability to implement strategies in the classroom? The specific research questions were: 1. Does the professional development change teachers&rsquo; perceptions of students with ASD? 2. Does the professional development increase the special education teachers&rsquo; knowledge of ASD? 3. Does the professional development provide specific teaching strategies directly related to students with ASDs&rsquo; success? </p><p> The researcher employed a mixed methods approach for this research study. The researcher collected data using the ASD Inventory (pre and post assessment). The study measured participants&rsquo; perceptions and knowledge of ASD, provided evidence-based practices to the participants, and assessed the participants&rsquo; comfort levels teaching students with ASD. The inventory assessments were analyzed using paired-samples t-test to obtain the final results. </p><p> The overall goal of this study was to learn about how to create effective professional development experiences for special education teachers in the area of ASDs. The goal was to enhance teachers&rsquo; perceptions of teaching students with ASD, increase their technical knowledge of ASD, and improve their knowledge of strategies to use when teaching students with ASD, as assessed by the ASD Inventory. </p><p> The major findings in this study were that after a 2-day professional development on ASD, there was a significant change in teachers&rsquo; perceptions of students with ASD, as well as a significant increase in teachers&rsquo; knowledge of ASD. Evidence of teaching strategies provided by the professional development was indicated through the assessment and teacher participation. Therefore, teachers learned strategies to meet the needs of students with ASDs.</p>

<p> The research for this qualitative ethnographic study included interviews with nine general education, middle-school teachers in an urban school district. The purpose of this study was to explore how inconsistencies in teacher-based referrals describe disproportionality in special education. Through the development of themes from participant responses, the results of the study indicated that teachers had deeply rooted opinions of appropriate classroom behavior and academic achievement. Teachers were more likely to recommend special education services if the student did not align with the teacher&rsquo;s personal experiences of appropriate behavior and academic achievement. In the majority of the sample, teachers recommended that the student be referred for special education services. </p>